IMPACT 4.07.

71 07/06/2020

Printed by:Htun Htun Win

Service

Chassis ID Path
28/Description, Design and function//Control system, system description

Model Identity
FH 141158741

Publish date ID/Operation

27/01/2018

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

1/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

Control system, system description

Contents
Engine control system
Electronically controlled start function
Engine wiring and grounding
Fault codes for the D13A in Euro 3 configuration

Engine control system

The D13A fuel system is controlled electronically in respect of injection amount and injection timing. The system is
called EMS (Engine Management System). The engine management system is described briefly here.

The central part of the system is the engine electronic control unit (EECU) which is located on the left side of the
engine and mounted on vibration damping rubber feet. The control unit requires continuous information from the
accelerator pedal and signals from a number of sensors on the engine to control the amount of fuel and the injection
timing. All cable connections for the engine sensors have DIN standard connectors.

The engine control system sensors (some have dual functions):

1. Level sensor for water separator — located in the water separator holder.
2. Oil level/temperature sensor — located in the lubricating oil sump. Combined sensor with its connector secured
to the left side of the sump.
3. Fuel pressure sensor — located in the filter housing.
4. Cooling fan electromagnet and rotation speed sensor — located in the hub of the cooling fan.
5. Coolant level sensor — located in the expansion tank.
6. Coolant temperature sensor — located at the front edge of the cylinder head.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
7. the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

2/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

7. Charge air pressure/temperature sensor — combined sensor located in the inlet pipe.
8. Camshaft position sensor — located in the upper timing gear cover.
9. Air underpressure/temperature sensor — combined sensor located on the clean side of the inlet air filter
housing.
10. Flywheel position and speed sensor — located on the top of the flywheel casing.
11. Oil pressure sensor — located in the engine block main lubrication gallery.
12. Crankcase pressure sensor — located on the left side of the engine block.

Note: The engine are available in two variants - with or without pressure sensor. On variant without sensor, the
sensor is replaced by a plug.

In the control unit there is an atmospheric pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.

Electronically controlled start function

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

3/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

New for the D13A engine is that the starter motor is also controlled by the engine electronic control unit (EECU) via the
vehicle electronic control unit (VECU) and a start relay. It also senses information from other control units and will only
permit starting if all the affected control units also permit it.

For a description of the starter motor functions and specifications, see “Starter motor, description” in Group 33.

Engine wiring and grounding

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

4/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

All the wiring connections between the sensors and the engine cable harness are grouped in the engine wiring.

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

5/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

There are two grounding points — at the rear right side engine mounting, and on the left side at the alternator.

Fault codes for the D13A in Euro 3 configuration

General
MID:
Message Identification Description (control unit identification).

PID:
Parameter Identification Description (parameter identification (value)).

PPID:
Proprietary Parameter Identification Description (Volvo-unique parameter identification (value)).

SID:
Subsystem Identification Description (component identification).

PSID:
Proprietary Subsystem Identification Description (Volvo-unique component identification).

FMI:
Failure Mode Identifier (fault type identification).

MID 128 Fault code types

All fault code types (FMI) light warning lamps in certain conditions, depending on the extent and seriousness of the
fault. Specific information for the respective fault codes is to be found in fault tracing information in FMI information .
The fault code meanings can vary due to the internal design of the control unit. The following descriptions show the
most common meanings.

Active/Inactive
An active fault code means that the fault was present when the diagnostics function most recently checked on the
supervised component or system.

An inactive fault code means that the fault was not present when the diagnostics most recently checked. Inactive fault
codes indicate that the fault was present but has disappeared, for example due to an intermittent connection.

Fault code table

Fault code Cause

FMI 0, value too high Set when the value exceeds a predefined value.

FMI 1, value too low Set when the value is below a predefined value.

FMI 2, incorrect data Set if a sensor transmits an unreasonable value, which is checked by
the control unit comparing with the values received from other engine
sensors.

FMI 3, electrical fault Set in the case of a short-circuit to a higher voltage. The control unit
indicates an excessively high voltage in the electrical circuit.

FMI 4, electrical fault Set in the case of a short-circuit to ground. The control unit indicates
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

6/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

an excessively low voltage in the electrical circuit.

FMI 5, electrical fault Set in the case of an open circuit. The control unit indicates an open
circuit in the electrical circuit.

FMI 6, electrical fault Set in the case of excessive current consumption. The control unit
indicates an excessively high current consumption.

FMI 7, mechanical fault Set when a mechanical component does not perform the expected
activity. The control unit detects this by analysing other sensor values,
for example position sensor values.

FMI 8, mechanical or electrical fault Set if the signal quality is subject to interference. The control unit is not
receiving a clear and clean signal.

FMI 9, communications fault Set when a signal is missing. The control unit is not receiving signals
from other control units via the data link.

FMI 10, mechanical or electrical fault Set in the case of an incorrect value. The control unit reads a value
that has not changed for a long time.

FMI 11, unknown fault Set when, for example, a signal is missing or in connection with
several different signals with unlikely values.

FMI 12, component fault Set on receiving an incorrect reply from another control unit or sensor.

FMI 13, incorrect calibration Set in the case of an error in calibration.

FMI 14, unknown fault Set in the case of a functional fault.

Freeze Frames
Information shown in the Freeze Frames panel provides an overview of the values at the moment a fault code has
been activated. These values (before, during and after the fault code is shown) can facilitate investigation of a problem.
Freeze Frames are stored in the control unit when a fault code indicating a mechanical failure is set. In addition, Freeze
Frames are stored when any emissions-related fault codes are set. This is a legal requirement.

Example:
If a value is close to an alarm limit just before and after a fault code is activated, the affected filter and fluid may be
dirty. If the value suddenly increases or decreases before the fault code is activated, it can indicate a breakdown in the
system.

Warning signals

Display
The display shows a descriptive text explaining the meaning of the fault code. It is also possible to choose to see the
numerical fault code (e.g. MID128, PID94, FMI5). It is also possible to see on the display whether the fault code is
active or inactive, how many times it has been detected and the latest time that it was detected.

Warning lamps and buzzer

1. Yellow lamp A yellow lamp means that there is a fault in the engine, but it is not
likely to cause engine damage. On the other hand, the fault could
interfere with the engine functions and the vehicle driveability.

2. Red lamp A red lamp is lit when the engine has a serious fault. In several cases
the power is reduced to protect the engine. In certain cases the engine
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

7/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

is shut down when the vehicle speed is low enough. In many cases
the control unit will reduce the engine power so that vehicle speed will
be reduced before the engine is shut down.

3. Blue lamp A blue lamp is lit when a fault code contains information that does not
necessarily mean that there is an actual fault, for example that the
automatic transmission is not in neutral when the driver is trying to
start the engine. When the lamp lights it is accompanied by a
descriptive text on the display.

4. Buzzer A buzzer sounds when the engine has a serious fault. The buzzer
usually sounds in conjunction with the red lamp being lit.

Engine protection
To protect the engine from major damage there are various types of engine protection

Power reduction
Power reduction occurs when a fault arises that could damage the engine if was run at full power. The vehicle can be
driven to a workshop for repair.

Power reduction may also take place when external factors affect the engine, such as when driving at high altitudes. To
prevent the exhaust temperature from rising too high, the power may be reduced at low engine speeds. In order to
protect the turbocharger against overspeeding the power may also be reduced at high engine speeds. This is not a
fault, and this reduction in power is reset to full power when the external circumstances change. In general the vehicle
does not need to be driven to a workshop for fault tracing.

Engine shut-down
The engine will be shut down in the case of a fault that will damage the engine if it keeps running. Engine shut-down
does not take place until the vehicle speed falls below 5 km/h. The engine cannot be restarted as long as this fault
code is active. The vehicle will have to be towed to a workshop.

Emissions-related faults
The engine emissions are monitored by the control unit, which generates a fault code to indicate a fault if the emissions
do not meet the legal requirements.

When a fault that could affect the engine emissions is indicated, a fault code is generated and the yellow lamp (2) lights
on the display.

Self-clearing fault codes

Most fault codes clear themselves, i.e. if a fault code is generated and then becomes inactive, a self-clearing procedure
begins in the control unit. If the fault code remains inactive, i.e. if the system or component is still fault-free after a
number of driving cycles or a number of warm-up cycles, or a certain time period, the fault code will be erased from the
control unit memory.

This is done in the following three ways:

1) The fault code is deleted after 40 fault-free warm-up cycles (WUC) — in the EU the fault code will also be deleted
after 100 hours of fault-free operation; this applies for example to fault codes related to vehicle speed.

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

8/9
IMPACT 4.07.71 07/06/2020

2) The fault code is deleted immediately when it becomes inactive; this applies for example to fault codes related to the
automatic transmission not being in neutral when starting.

3) The fault code is deleted if it has remained inactive for 400 days.

Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.

9/9