Tourism and hospitality are connected to one another.

Hospitality cannot function without tourism and

vice versa. Tourism cannot function without hospitality as well because the tourism industry will act
actually transport the guest or tourist to the destination. And once the tourists are already in the
destination, it will provide accommodation and food. That’s why they are connected and interrelated to
one another.

2 core sectors of hospitality industry:

1. lodging

2. food services

2 core sectors of tourism industry:

1. transportation

2. travel trade sector/tour agency (aka tour operator or tour guide)

On the other hand, hospitality and tourism industry BOTH share the following sectors:

1. attraction

2. leisure recreation

Meaning, attraction can either be managed by hospitality industry or tourism industry

We also have the relationship between tourism and hospitality

-insert umbrella picture-

Now as you can see here travel is just an umbrella of hospitality. That means we can conclude that travel
and tourism is under hospitality. Mas malawak si hospitality kaysa kay tourism. That’s why tourism is
under hospitality. Tourism is just a support system under hospitality.

Now we will have tourism and management components

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Tourism components:

When we talk about natural resources, we have physiography, people, and climate.
When we talk about natural resources and environment,

Natural resources means it is given in the area, hindi sha manmade. And these natural resources can be
a factor to attract tourists. So we have..

First, physiography

Then climate

And people

So when we talk about physiography that means it is the landscape of the area. Landscape of the area
can be mountainous, rocky, it could be pure soil, a landlocked, etc. Ang ibig sabihin ng landlocked ay
surrounded by mountains. In the PH, there are 3 famous landlocked areas when it comes to tourism: we
have Baguio, tagaytay, and antipolo. Basta nakapaligiran ng mga bundukan.

So the next one is climate. It pertains to the weather over a period of time in a certain destination or
place. For ex, in the ph, there are 3 seasons of climate: hot, rainy, and thecold. So whenwe talk abt hot
seasons. These are from months of march to may. Kung tag ulan, that is june to November. Pag cold,
December to February. In tourism, we have 2 seasons that we can relate to climate: peak and lean. Ang
peak season means when the demand is hugh . when we talk about lean, demand is low. Meaning,
walang tourista na pumupunta. Ano kaya ang peak months sa tourism industry specifically here in the
PH? Ang peak months natin ay ,because of the weather, from September to may. For the lean season ay
yung June to August sa PH.

Another one when it comes to natural resources is people. Kasi nga naman it is a natural attraction by
itself. Because if there are no people in the area then no one will visit the area. Kahit hindi maganda
yung transportation, pero if welcoming naman yung mga tao, then there will still be tourists to visit the
area. So when we talk abt people, we have 3 classification, we have: residents, visitors, and industry.
When we talk about residence,these are the local people. When we talk abt visitors, it pertains to
someone who stayed in the destination for at least 24 hrs. and not more than 1 year. Also there are 2
kinds of visitors: excursionists (strippers ) and tourists. Then, we have industry. These are the workers.
So for ex, you have a resort in your area, and obviously the workers are coming from your neighbour
city.

So asides from the natural resources, we also have the built environment. Ibig sabhin ay manmade
ginawa. So when we talk about built environment it could be considered as a factor in tourism
environment. So these are information, culture, infrastructure, superstructure, governance, and
technology. So again , this is manmade or something that is the work or product of human. This places a
vital role in tourism and hospitality sectors. It has 3 categories: information to the residence,
information to visitors, and information from government. So why do you need to inform the residents?
When there is a tourism development in the area, you need to inform the residents. For ex, if you wish
to develop a private sector to build a casino in the area, then you need to inform the residents because
some of them may be affected or they can consider the casino as cost in their part or benefit in their
part. Or if there are new tourism policy then you also have to inform them

Next we have info to visitors. If there are new policies about immigration on entry and exit, then you
have to infor the residents about this. For ex, sa Palawan, they require the guest to bring lotion or anti
mosquito repellent or they inform guests to safety or carrying capacity in the area para hindi masira ang
area. Ibig sabihin ng carrying capacity eto yung limit the entry of the visitors in the area. Why is there a
limit? To minimize the cost of the place. Para hindi masira. Kasi mamaya pumunta kayo dun tapos hindi
nyo alam yung ganung information

Another one is info from government. This is when there are new policies or travel restructions. This is
why the local govt should address this concern to the local residents and visitors.

Another one is culture which is a built environment. Meaning , anjan na yung culture na yan. This is a
set of beliefs, values, attitudes, habits, norms, traditions, practices that are shared in the society and
transmitted from generation to generation. Kumbaga eto yung practices ng lolo natin. And with that it is
considered as built environment and a factor of attracting tourists. But on the other hand, it can also be
a hindrance. For ex, sensitive and remote areas. So they are very traditional. So if youre planning to
build a resort or casino in that area, baka ayaw nila. Because it is against to their culture. For ex, sa
boracay there is a proposal for building a casino in boracay. So why are they against to it? Because it is
against their culture. Kasi may mga religious groups na ayaw mag agree sa proposal since it will be a
distraction to the culture. So it could actually be negative. But again culture can be an attraction to itself.
It can be a reason to be visited by tourists. For ex, festivals and culinaries. Those are reasons why
tourists visit . or kaya mga sinulog festival, etc. the culinary is called gastronomy. That is the study of the
food culture of the area.

Another one is infrastructure. This pertains to parallel to the ground. Another one is superstructure
which is vertical to the ground. Ano ba ibig sabihin ng parallel to the ground? It means pantay sa lupa.
And vertical means patayo sa lupa. Examples of infrastructures are roads, highways,pipelines, sewages,
terminals, communication networks, etc. examples of superstructures are buildings, hotels, resorts ,
airports, etc. now, when we talk about infrastructures, who is responsible to the developments of these
infrastructures? The government sector. Kapag superstructure naman, private sectors ang responsible.
No matter how attractive your place is but if you don’t have a good infrastructure support then walang
mangyayari jan sa mga attractions ninyo. Importante yan. On the other hand, superstructure , private
sectors support the development of tourism and hospitality. So the government sector should work
hand in hand kasi if walang private sector , hindi din magrrun yung govt. walang taxes. So without govt
the private sector will not function well. Kaya naman may tinatawag na PPE. Ano yung PPE? Ito yung
PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP. This one is one of the focus of Aquino administration. Nung panahon ni
Aquino yun ang ibig sabihin. So again , the government is in charge for developing infrastructure. The
private is responsible for superstructure. Halimbawa, yung NLEX, SLEX. Ibig sabihin yung collection ng
pera mula NLEX or SLEX is actually owned by a private sector. So dinevelop ang mga ito ng mga private
sector para ang contract nyan ay 30 years tapos sila din magccollect ng toll fee. So in exchange to that,
nagkaroon ng development pero walang ginastos ang govt.

Now aside sa infrastructure, we also have governance. Sa tourism and hospitality there is 1 governing
body and the sole governing body is what we call DOT. DOT is the governing body of PH tourism. It
stands for department of tourism. It is formerly located in TM KALAW AVE. now it is located in Makati.
Ibig sabihin ng DOT, when you apply for hotel, resort and hotel accreditation, transportation
accreditation, you need to go to the department of tourism. What is the primary role of the DOT? To
promote the country, to promote Philippine tourism. Promotion lng role nya. Kaya nga ang tagline ditto
is ‘It’s more fun in the Philippines’. They are only in charge in promoting the Ph. They are not in charge
in developing or beautification of an area. Hindi responsible ang DOT sa pagpapaganda at
pagpapasaayos ng isang lugar. Kasi ang in charge dun is the local government unit(beautification and
development).

Another one is technology. There are 2 important technology: GDS and CRS, these are apps or softwares
used for reservations. Ano yung gps? Global Distribution System. CRS? Computerized Reservation
System. Pag sinaping GDS, ALL IN yan. Kapag CRS, SPECIFIC lang yan. So meaning, lahat ng mga needs ng
tourists may GDS na. ditto sa CRS, specific needs lng ng tourists ang kanyang hawak. Sa GDS, all the
needs of the guests can be found in the GDS. Kapag CRS, specific need lang, or specific market lang yung
hawak or meron ng CRS. For ex, kapag GDS sa tourism and hospitality,lahat ng mga needs ng tourists ay
nandun na sa isang software. Kapag CRS specific lang . ano yung mga GDS sa TOURISM? Example,
ABACUS. Abacus is an online reservation system. So when you book for a ticket or if you are planning to
have your own travel agency, ditto na yung lhat lahat ncluding the land transpo, restaurants,attractions,
makikita ditto lahat sa abacus. So ito yung ginagamit ng mga travel agents . ANO naman kapag GDS
HOSPITALITY? Ito yung MICROS OPERA. So when we talk about micros opera., ito yung mga ginagamit ng
5 star hotels ngayon. So once the guests will check in the hotel, and will give their personal info, the
micros opera will retrieve your reservation information. Another advantage is for marketing purposes .
for ex, the hotel will identify you as a frequent guest because of the micros opera. So ano mangyayari if
they identified you as a frequent guest? What will happen is that they can recognize you and they will
already know your needs. So mas magiging personalize yung service. They can identify your needs based
on the record.so parang they can prioritize you and offer you promos. And then the CRS. Halimbawa for
TOURISM (crs tourism) . ito yung AMADEUS and SABRE. Ano naman yung CRS for HoOSPITALITY? Iyo
yung FIDELIO and GALILEO. Now, for the reservations, we are using codes. What are these codes? We
call it the iata(IATA) codes. It means international air transport association. Ano ano ang mga iata
codes.? These are 2 lettter codes for airline, and 3 letter codes for country/city/airport. For ex, sa airline
instead of saying Philippine Airlines, we call it PR. Or when you are at the airport and you have a flight
from manila to cebu, diba ang sinasabi ng nag aannounce ‘calling the attention of PR bound flight from
manila to cebu’ . another example is Cebu pacific. Ano yung 2 ltter code ng cebu pacific?
5j. so bakit may number yan? Ang sinasabi nila kapag mga locus carrier daw may carrying number na
kasama.

So lets go with basic of national airlines. For ex sa north, Eva Airways (BR). So ang eva airways ay 5 star
airline ng Taiwan. Another one is china airlines (CI). Ito ang4 star airlines ng Taiwan. And when we talk
about china airlines, that is from Taiwan. And they consider Taiwan as an independent country, they are
not dependent from china. Ang tawag natin jan ay SAR china or Special Administrative Region of China.
So ano ano ang mga ito? Ito yung Taiwan, macao, hongkong. Anyway, ano pa ang mga basic national
airlines? Cathay Pacific (CX) . ito naman 5 star airline ng HongKong. Another one is JL Japan Airlines, and
NH or All Nippon airways sa Japan. Sa korea naman KE and OZ. Sa southeast asia naman, we have
Singapore airlines (SQ). sa Thailand, TG or Thai Airways. Sa Vietnam, VE. Sa Malaysia MH. Sa Indonesia,
GA. Sa middle east naman SV, QR (Qatar), EK (emirates). W e also have QF Qanas (Australia) yan ang
mga basic codes na kelangan alamin

How about sa 3 letter codes? For ex, sa manila, ano ang 3 letter ? MNL. Cebu CEB, Davao DBO, Iloilo ILO ,
Baguio BAG, Ilocos norte LAO, Palawan (PPS), El nido( END), Corona (BXU).kapag sa boracay anong
airport dadaanan mo ? sa Cateclan Airport (CTS) or pwedeng Kalibo (KLO). Kapag international,
Hongkong(HKG), Singapore (SIN), Taipei (TPE), Bangkok (BKK), pag US naman, LAS,JFK,etc All in all we
don’t use the complete name.

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