Lecture 1 Esp Mam Naima

Distinguishing features of ESP

1. It develops its own methodology
2. Openness to insight of other disciplines (It draws research from other
disciplines like applied linguistics, Syllabus designing etc.)

CHARACTERISTICS OF ESP
1. Emphasis on practical outcomes
2. Needs based
3. Use of appropriate and authentic tasks and material
4. Theoretical matters are less discussed. It lacks an underlying theory
5. Prepare learners to communicate efficiently
6. Learner’s restricted syllabus

Definition of ESP
The area if inquiry and practice in the development of language programs
for the people who need a language to meet a predictable range of
communicative needs.

ESP
1. An approach to meet needs of the learners.
2. It is broader than CBI
CBI (Context Based Learning)
1. It is an approach to syllabus designing.
2. It is often employed in ESP courses.
LECTURE 2
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Core disciplines of ESP (By Van Naerssen, 2005)
1. Relevance 2. Specificity 3. Needs Driven teaching

Note: These three are inseparable and are overlapping with each other.
Areas of ESP teaching:
Branches
1. EAP (English For academic purposes).
Sub Branches
(A) EGAP (English for General Academic Purposes).
Example: English for academic writing.
(B) ESAP (English for specific academic purposes).
Example: English for Law, Business, Medicine etc.

2. EPP (English for Professional Purposes).

Sub Branches
(A)EGPP (English for General Professional Purposes)
Example: English for health care sector.
(B)ESPP (English for Specific Professional).
Example: Purposes English for nurses/ Doctors/ Compounders.

3. EOP (English for Occupational Purposes).

Sub Branches
(A)EGOP (English for General Occupational Purposes).
Example: English for Hospitality Industry.
(B)ESOP (English for Specific Occupational Purposes).

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Example: English for hotel receptionist.
ESP courses training in relation to work or study experience of the
learners:
ESP courses are designed at three levels:
1. Pre-experience.
2. During Experience .
3. Post Experience .

Absolute characteristics of ESP:

1. ESP is designed to meet the needs of the specific learners.
2. ESP makes use of the underlying methodology and the activities of the
discipline it serves.
3. ESP is centered on the language:
(i) (Grammar, lexis, register) (ii) Skills .
(iii) Discourse. (iv) Genres.
Appropriate to these activities.
COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF ESP COURSES:
(1) Authentic Material (Which is not meant for teaching).
For example, Newspaper, magazines etc.
(2) Purpose Related Orientation .
If seminar --> focus on listening skills .
If business --> focus on presentation, slides, notes making .
3) Self-Directed (ESP is concerned with turning learners into users (Carver,
1983))
Learners have freedom to decide when, what and how learners will study.
(Carver, 1983).
In other words, it is learner centered approach.

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 Lecture 3
Differences between EGP and ESP
EGP
1 Focus on education
2 Future English needs are
impossible
3 Aim is to create competence
about English at general
level
4 Language m isolation
(unaware about future)
ESP
Focus on training
English is intend to be used in
specific vocational contexts
Aim Is to create a restricted
English competence
Language in context (aware about
future)

Definition or ESP (Strevens 1998): 4 absolute and 2 variable

characteristics.
Absolute characteristics:
1. It meets specific needs of the learners.
2. Related in context to particular disciplines, occupations and activities.
3. Centered on language appropriate to those activities in syntax, lexis,
discourse, semantics and so on and analysis of discourse.
4. In contrast with general English.

Variable characteristics:
1. May be restricted as to the learning skills to he learnt.
2. May not to he taught according to any pre-ordained methodology.
Business English Teaching (Charles 1994 &1996)
Business English teaching should reflect the business m which business
meetings or negotiations take place.
Business English Communication (Pickett, 1988)

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Business English can also he seen as a mediating language between the
technicalities of particular business and the language of the general public.
Advantages of ESP
1. It wastes no time because focuses on learners' needs.
2. 2 Relevant to the learners.
3. It is successful in imparting learning.
4. Most cost effective than general English.

Carrier Content and Real Content:

Carrier Content
1 Subject related factual
content
2 Focus of learners is Carrier
content
3 Subject of a text
4 What is it about
5 Life cycle of plant
Real Content
Real content is embedded into
Carrier Content
Focus of ESP teacher is real
Content
Language items
Vocabulary of process and
vocabulary of time in the text
of ‘life cycle of plant'’

Role of ESP Practitioner:

ESP practitioner as a:
1. Teacher
2. Course designer/ material provider
3. Researcher
4. Collaborator
5. Evaluator
ESP Practitioner will do Formative evaluation (based on negotiations, by
negotiations, needs would be fulfilled)
Formative evaluation includes following steps:
A. Evaluation of students, feelings.
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 B. getting list of needs and priorities.
C. Ming up these needs m next course.
ESP as a multidisciplinary activity
There are two aspects of multidisciplinary:
1. Needs and willingness to engage with other disciplines (Medical,
business, hospitality).
2. Need and willingness to draw on the insights of researchers in other
disciplines.

Lecture 5 ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES

AIMS (What is EAP?)

1. Any English teaching that relates to a study purpose.
2. EAP has sometimes been seen as one movement within ESP.
Four types of EAP Situations
depending upon whether or not EAP courses are taught in English. These are divided
into four
situations
1.EAP in English speaking country.
2. EAP in ESL situation.
3. EAP in which certain subjects are taught in English.
4. EAP in which subject courses are taught in national language.
EAP Description Details Example Proble
situation of ms
situation
EAP in Students 1.Pre 1-UK,
English come sessional USA:
speaking to study and course Australia
country all Their focus is on common etc.
the general core academic language and
and skills:
academic 1.They include
cultures are notes taking
different.
2.Study skill
2. English related to main skills
operates For example presentation
everywhere delivering.
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 2.In-sessional courses
1. They run parallel
with the subject course
2. They include:
(a) Academic listening
(b) Academic
reading and writing.
Applied Research
To meet the needs of
the students more
effectively:
needs analysis are conducted
by Universities.
These are needs of
International students.

EAP Description Details Example Problems

situation of
situation
EAP in All courses Situation of Nigeria Zimbabwe: Tertiary
ESL are and Kenya: Nigeria & level of
situation taught in Their common South education
English but core study skill courses for Africa is in
people use students include: These general
first 1.focus on writing and countries English
language reading are and there
(L1) in 2. Finding such material is a called is
everyday challenging task. Anglophone no specific
life. EAP situation of South countries. preparation
East Asian Countries: at
Focus is on communicative University
tasks. level
Key objectives: for specific
1.Communicate tasks like
technical and business.
business
education
effectively.
2. To adapt material
prepared in one form for
presentation in

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 another.
3. To communicate
effectively With
specialist and non-specialist
audiences in job related
tasks.

EAP Description Details Example Problems

situation of
situation
EAP in In tertiary Jordan 1.Lecturer themselves
which education: are non-native speaker
certain some of English
subjects are subjects are 2.Delivering lectures in
taught in taught in L1 native language and
English. but dictating in English
engineering 3. Exams and
medicine and assignments are also in
business English.
are taught in 4.Students are tested
English through short notes
answers
Multiple choice
questions rather full
essays or technical
reports.