The Discipline and Ideas in Social Sciences

MODULE # 1
Defining and Distinguishing Social Sciences:
Disciplines and Fields
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 Learning Objectives
1. Define Social Sciences as the study of
Society.
2. Distinguish Social and Natural Sciences and
Humanities.
3. Analyze the various Social Science disciplines and their
fields, main areas of inquiry, and methods.

This module aims to assist the learners to connect the disci-

plines with their historical and social foundations

In doing this module, please fol-

low these reminders:
1. Take the pretest before
working or answering the
module.
2. Perform the activities as
suggested.
3. Answer all the exercises.
4. Check your answers against
the Key to Correction.
5. Take the Post Test.

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INSTRUCTION:
A. Write True if the statement is correct and False if not.
1. Social science can be used to study and understand
society.
2. Socialization affects the overall cultural practices of
a society, but it does not shape one’s self-image.
3. Most social scientists believe heredity is the most
important factor influencing human development.
4. Social sciences perspective can be used to address
issue or problem.
5. Society refers to a group of people who share a cul-
ture and a territory.

B. Identify if the word related to social science or natural science.

Biology History Economics Anthropology
Psychology Physics Chemistry Political Sci
Astronomy Zoology

SOCIAL SCIENCES NATURAL SCIENCES

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5. 5.

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Introduce yourself and by completing this sentence.

“Hello, my name is .The object that best

represent me is a because____________________
.

Example:

“Hello, my name is GERONIMO T. SAMPILO. The object that best

represent me is a POCKET WI-FI because I CAN GIVE AND
SHARE THE KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION THAT THE US-
ERS WANT TO KNOW.”

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ETYMOLOGY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
The history of the social sciences has origin in the common stock of
Western philosophy and shares various precursors, but began most
intentionally in the early 19th century with the positivist philosophy
of science. Since the mid-20th century, the term "social science"
has come to refer more generally, not just to sociology, but to all
those disciplines which analyze society and culture;
from anthropology to linguistics to media studies.
Define Social Sciences as the study of
Society.

SOCIAL SCIENCES - are all academic disciplines which deal with the
man in their social context. - A science which deals with human be-
havior in its social and cultural aspects.
Ang AGHAM PANLIPUNAN, ay ang pag-aaral sa pangyayari sa ating
paligid at ang Agham ay nakatuon sa mga natural na phenomena.
Ang Ekonomiks ay isang Agham sapagkat ito ay gumagamit ng
siyentipikong pamamaraan sa pagsagot sa mga pangyayari sa
paligid .
Distinguish Social and Natural Sciences and
Humanities.

The Social Sciences are statistical — that is, they are addressed by
surveys of large populations, as well as by empirical evidence. For
example, anthropology compares social groups in so-called primi-
tive economic conditions with social groups in more advanced eco-
nomic conditions. It also includes Archaeology, Psychology, Poli-
tics, Economics and History. Though most observations of Social
Science can be verified, some observations are matters
of opinion — subject to a cultural bias of the scientist.

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The Natural Sciences are empirical that is, they are addressed by
using our five senses of sight, sound, touch, taste and smell. Their
facts can be verified “empirically,” that is, with the five sens-
es. Everybody can verify them.

The Humanities are neither empirical nor statistical. This includes

Ethics — the study of Right and Wrong (Good and Evil). It includes
Aesthetics — the study of the Beautiful. It includes Poetry, Rheto-
ric, Drama, the Fine Arts and the Performing Arts. There is no ob-
jective way to verify the data. The only methods of judgment that
we enjoy in the Humanities are intuition, feeling, opinion, debate .

Pinag-aaralan sa agham panlipunan ang mga aspeto ng tao at ng

sangkatauhan sa mundo. Pinagtutuunan ng pansin sa pag-aaral
na ito ang ginagawa ng tao para sa pangkalahatan.

Pinag-aaralan naman sa humanidades ang tungkol sa tao at ang

pagiging tao. Pinagtutuunan ng pansin sa pag-aaral ng ito ang gi-
nagawa at sinasabi ng tao na naayon sa kanyang kagustuhan

Pinagaaralan sa agham pangkalikasan ang diskripsyon, prediksy-

on, pagkakaintindi sa mga likas na pinomena sa pamamagitan ng
pagsusuri, obserbasyon at mga nakalap na ibedensya.

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Compare and contrast the various Social
Science disciplines and their fields, main
areas of inquiry, and methods

Anthropology is the study of humankind.

BRANCHES Physical or Biological, Cultural, and Archaeology

Methods: Ethnography, Participant Observation, Interview, Focused

group discussion, life history method, ocular inspection.

Economics seeks to understand people’s activities concerning

production, distribution and consumption of goods and services
The two fields of Economics are Microeconomics and Macroeco-
nomics.
Macroeconomics -the part of economics concerned with large-
scale or general economic factors, such as interest rates and na-
tional productivity.
ay isang sangay ng ekonomiyang humaharap sa galaw o pagsasa-
katuparan, kayarian o istruktura, at asal o ugali ng isang pambansa
o rehiyonal na ekonomiya o kabuhayan bilang isang kabuuan
Examples: Markets. Markets such as supply and demand in a labor mar-
ket,Market Failure,Competition,Price Stability,Goods,Productivity.
Efficiency.

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Microeconomics– the part of economics concerned with single fac-
tors and the effects of individual decisions.
Mikroekonomiya- ay isang sangay ng ekonomiya na nag-aaral
sa pag-uugali ng mga indibidwal at mga kumpanya sa paggawa ng
mga desisyon tungkol sa paglalaan ng mga mapagkukunan at ang
mga pakikipag-ugnayan sa mga indibidwal at kumpanya.
Examples: Demand. How demand for goods is influenced by
income, preferences, prices and other factors such as expec-
tations.Supply,Prices,Elasticity,Opportunity Cost,Labor Eco-
nomics,Competition, and Competitive Advantage.

Geography- is the study of the features of the earth and the location
of living things on the planet. It is divided into two main branches-
the Physical Geography and Human Geography.

Physical geography looks at the natural processes of the Earth,

such as climate and plate tectonics.
Human geography looks at the impact and behaviour of people
and how they relate to the physical world.

History—is the past as it is described in written documents, and the

study thereof. Events occurring before written records are consid-
ered prehistory.

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SOURCES OF HISTORY
Primary Source & Secondary Source
What is a Primary Source?
Primary sources include documents or artifacts created by a wit-
ness to or participant in an event. They can be firsthand testimony
or evidence created during the time period that you are studying.
Primary sources may include diaries, letters, interviews, oral histo-
ries, photographs, newspaper articles, government documents, po-
ems, novels, plays, and music. The collection and analysis of prima-
ry sources is central to historical research.

Note about primary sources: While there are many digital primary
resources available, it is very important to remember that the majori-
ty of primary sources have not yet been digitized.

EXAMPLES:
Some examples of primary source formats include:

 archives and manuscript material

 photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, films
 journals, letters and diaries
 speeches
 scrapbooks
 published books, newspapers and magazine clippings published at
the time
 government publications
 oral histories
 records of organizations
 autobiographies and memoirs
 printed ephemera
 artifacts, e.g. clothing, costumes, furniture
 Research data, e.g. public opinion polls

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Secondary sources analyze a scholarly question and often use
primary sources as evidence.
Secondary sources include books and articles about a top-
ic. They may include lists of sources, i.e. bibliographies, that may
lead you to other primary or secondary sources.
Databases help you identify articles in scholarly journals or books
on a particular topic.
HERODOTUS—The father of history

EXAMPLES:

 Bibliographies
 Biographical works
 Reference books, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, and atlases
 Articles from magazines, journals, and newspapers after the event
 Literature reviews and review articles (e.g., movie reviews, book re-
views)
 History books and other popular or scholarly books
 Works of criticism and interpretation
 Commentaries and treatises
 Textbooks
 Indexes and abstracts

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 ORIGINS

Anthropology traces its roots to ancient Greek historical and

philosophical writings about human nature and the organization of
human society. Anthropologists generally regard Herodotus, a Greek
historian who lived in the 400s bc, as the first thinker to write widely
on concepts that would later become central to anthropology. In the
book History, Herodotus described the cultures of various peoples of
the Persian Empire, which the Greeks conquered during the first half
of the 400s bc. He referred to Greece as the dominant culture of the
West and Persia as the dominant culture of the East. This type of
division, between white people of European descent and other peo-
ples, established the mode that most anthropological writing would
later adopt.

Anthropology, “the science of humanity,” which studies human be-

ings in aspects ranging from the biology and evolution-
ary history of Homo sapiens to the features of society
and culture that decisively distinguish humans from other animal
species. Because of the diverse subject matter it encompasses, an-
thropology has become, especially since the middle of the 20th cen-
tury, a collection of more specialized fields.

ECONOMICS

Origin of the term “economics” Two Greek roots of the word eco-
nomics are oikos-meaning household and nomus- meaning system
ofmanagement. Oikonomia or oikonomus means“management of
household.” With the growth of the Greek society until itsdevelop-
ment into city-states, the word became known as“state manage-
ment.” The term, “management of household” pertains tothe microe-
conomic branch of economics while “statemanagement” refers to the
macroeconomic branch ofeconomics.

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GEOGRAPHY

Its separate identity was first formulated and named some 2,000
years ago by the Greeks, whose geo and graphein were combined
to mean “earth writing” or “earth description.” However, what is
now understood as geography was elaborated before then, in the
Arab world and elsewhere. Ptolemy, author of one of the disci-
pline’s first books, Guide to Geography (2nd century CE), defined
geography as “a representation in pictures of the whole known
world together with the phenomena which are contained therein.”

Geography was first systematically studied by the ancient Greeks,

who also developed a philosophy of geography; Thales of Mile-
tus, Herodotus , Eratosthenes , Aristotle , Strabo ,
and Ptolemy made major contributions to geography. The Roman
contribution to geography was in the exploration and mapping of
previously unknown lands. Greek geographic learning was main-
tained and enhanced by the Arabs during the Middle Ages. Arab
geographers, among whom Idrisi , Ibn Battutah, and Ibn Khaldun
are prominent, traveled extensively for the purpose of increasing
their knowledge of the world. The journeys of Marco Polo in the
latter part of the Middle Ages began the revival of geographic inter-
est outside the Muslim world.

With the Renaissance in Europe came the desire to explore un-

known parts of the world that led to the voyages of exploration and
to the great discoveries. However, it was mercantile interest rather
than a genuine search for knowledge that spurred these endeav-
ors. The 16th and 17th cent. reintroduced sound theoretical geog-
raphy in the form of textbooks (the Geographia generalis of Bern-
hardus Varenius ) and maps (Gerardus Mercator 's world map). In
the 18th cent. geography began to achieve recognition as a disci-
pline and was taught for the first time at the university level.

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HISTORY

The term history entered the English language in 1390, with the
meaning of "relation of incidents, story" via the Old
French historie, from Latin historia, "narrative, account." This itself
was derived from the Ancient Greek ἱστορία, historía, meaning "a
learning or knowing by inquiry, history, record, narrative," from the
verb ἱστορεῖν, historeîn, "to inquire."

This, in turn, was derived from ἵστωρ, hístōr ("wise man," "witness,"
or "judge"). Early attestations of ἵστωρ are from the Homeric
Hymns, Heraclitus, the Athenian ephebes' oath, and from Boiotic in-
scriptions (in a legal sense, either "judge" or "witness," or similar).
The spirant is problematic, and not present in cognate
Greek eídomai ("to appear").

ἵστωρ is ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European language *wid-tor

-, from the root *weid- ("to know, to see"), also present in the English
word wit, the Latin words vision and video, the Sanskrit
word veda the Welsh word gwynn, and the Slavic word videti, as well
as others. 'ἱστορία, historía, is an Ionic derivation of the word, which
with Ionic science and philosophy were spread first in Classical
Greece and ultimately over all of Hellenism.

In Middle English, the meaning was "story" in general. The restriction

to the meaning "record of past events" in the sense
of Herodotus arises in the late fifteenth century (interestingly, in Ger-
man, this distinction was never made, and the modern German word
"Geschichte" means both history and story). A sense of "systematic
account" without a reference to time in particular was current in the
sixteenth century, but is now obsolete.

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SOCIAL SCIENCES - A science which deals with human behav-
ior in its social and cultural aspects.

Social Sciences are statistical; Though most observations of Social

Science can be verified, some observations are matters of opinion.

Natural Sciences are empirical ;Everybody can verify them.

Humanities are neither empirical nor statistical ; Judgments are

based on intuition, feeling, opinion, and debate .
Anthropology is the study of humankind.

The two fields of Economics are Microeconomics and Macroeco-

nomics.
Geography- is the study of the features of the earth and the location
of living things on the planet.
History—is the past as it is described in written documents, and the
study thereof.
HERODOTUS—The father of history

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Instruction: Answer the following problems in the separate sheets
provided.
A.
1.If you are an anthropologist, what specific Filipino tradition will
you be interested into?
2. List down 10 things which you can’t live without. Explain briefly
(maikli lang) why.
3. Search the internet/ gather information by any means for a sig-
nificant event that happened during the day of your birth.
4. Complete the sentence prompts.
History is the study of ________. Among the fields of History, I am
interested at _______ History because I’m fascinated with
_______________. An example of primary sources that I will deal
with _____________ History are ________________. An example
of secondary source that I will deal with _____________ History
are ________________.

B. Compare and contrast: Compare and contrast Social Science,

natural Science, and Humanities using Venn diagram.

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ANSWER HERE

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ANSWER HERE

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Multiple Choices. encircle the correct letter

1. Economics: Social Science while Physics:

A.Humanities C.Soft Science
B. Natural Science D. Science and Technology
2. Jared was asked to compare the physical appearance of man in
the present with man existed some million years ago. What is the
discipline involve?
A.Economics C. Social Science
B.Anthropology D. Sociology
3. A discipline which includes everything about humans, from their
biological and evolutionary past, to ways of life and traditions that
they uphold.
A.Economics C. Social Science
B.Anthropology D. Sociology
4. Looking back at the past is the focus of:
A.History C. Anthropology
B. Economics D. Geography

5.He is known as the father of Modern Economics

A.Karl Marx C. Adam Smith
B.Auguste Comte D. Thomas Malthus
6.In Geography, the following are the distinct fields of this discipline,
except
A.Physical Geography C. Human Geography
B.Artificial Geography D. Geomatics

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 7.a discipline which allows man to understand themselves and
make sense of the world. It came from the Greek word that
means “knowledge acquired by investigation”
A.Anthropology C. Geography
B.History D. Sociology

8.The study of the ways in which the human experience is pro-

cessed and documented; the fields of philosophy, literature,
religion, art, music, history and language
A.Humanities C. Social Sci-
ence
B.Natural Science D. Social Stud-
ies

9. The study of the past as it is described in written documents.

A.Anthropology C. Geography
B.History D. Sociology

10. Considered within the-eastern tradition to be the 'father of his-

tory'.
A.HERODOTOS C.HERODOTUS
B.HIROHIRO SATO D.HEROMI OTSUKA
11-15
In your own words, differentiate social sciences, natural sciences,
and humanities. (Do not copy and paste the lessons from this
module)

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TEST A. TRUE OR FALSE
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE

TEST B. MATCHING TYPE

Biology- History -Economics -Anthropology -Psychology -Physics -
Chemistry -Political Sci -Astronomy -Zoology

SOCIAL SCIENCES NATURAL SCIENNCE

1.HISTORY 1.BIOLOGY
2.ECONOMICS 2.PHYSICS
3.ANTHROPOLOGY 3.CHEMISTRY
4.PSYCHOLOGY 4.ZOOLOGY
5. POLITICAL SCIENCE 5. ATSRONOMY

MULTIPLE CHOICE (POST TEST)

1.B 9.B
2.B 10.A
3.B
4.A
5.C
6.B
7.B
8.A

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ESSAY
11-16 (EXPECTED ANSWER)

One of the major differences between the two is

that humanities involve a more critical and analytical approach
whereas social sciences deal with more of a scientific ap-
proach. As there is a scientific approach to social sciences, it
is considered to be a branch of study in be-
tween humanities and natural sciences.

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file:///C:/Users/eking/Downloads/3.%20Disciplines%20and%20Ideas%20in%
20the%20Social%20DLP.pdf
https://www.clopified.com/download/disciplines-and-ideas-in-applied-social-
sciences-cg-humss/
https://drive.google.com/file/
d/0B8xBbYUc2V91YkRtYlNnc1pKeUJUS3k0NmVWSmMyNTVwajhB/edit
https://drive.google.com/file/
d/0B8xBbYUc2V91YkRtYlNnc1pKeUJUS3k0NmVWSmMyNTVwajhB/edit

https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=344285&p=2580599
https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/arts/language/lit-terms/

THANK YOU FOR FINISH-

ING THE FIRST PART OF
THE MODULE. SEE YOU
IN THE NEXT MODULE.

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 PREPARED BY:

JEREMIAH C. MONTEMAYOR
TEACHER II
DAGUPAN CITY NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL

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