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 Scientific knowledge is a knowledge that

has been systematically gathered,
classified, related and interpreted.

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 Social science – is taught in diverse ways.

some courses take a global perspective

some an anthropological perspective
some a psychological perspective
some a sociological perspective, and
some a historical perspective

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Definition
Social Sciences are the fields of human
knowledge that deal with all aspects of the group
life of human beings.

They are closely related to humanities (deals with

literature, music, art, and philosophy) because both
deal with humans and their culture.

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Definition
Social Sciences is the science of studying
society , over the past more than 100 years, it has
also developed various modes of engaging the
notion of society and how to truly grasp its enigma.
In the process, various ideas had been put forward
and all of them answered the call and needs of their
particular times and contexts.

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 However, Social Sciences are most
concerned with those basic elements of
culture that determine the general
patterns of human behavior.

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Society is a contrast to the
preceding imagery of nature. Society
is organized, deliberate structured and
formalized, and bound by the rules
drafted and implemented by the
people who themselves constitute to
the society.
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 Components of Social Sciences:

Anthropology – is the study of relationship

between biological traits and socially acquired
characteristics. Sometimes called the study of
human.

1. Physical anthropology
2. Cultural anthropology

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Sociology – is the systematic study of relationship
among people. Sociologists assume that behavior is
influenced by people’s social, political, occupational
and intellectual groupings and by the particular
settings in which they find themselves atone time
or another.

3 major choices are:

1. Functionalism
2. Conflict
3. Interactionalism

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Geography – is the study of the natural environment
and how it influence social and cultural
development.

Concerns of geography are:

1. Ecology
2. Climate
3. Resources
4. Accessibility
5. Demography

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 History – is the study of past events. It is a social
science in the sense that it is a systematic attempt to
learn about and verify past events and relate them to
one another and to the present.

 The study of history involves:

 1. Identifying
 2. Classifying
 3. Arranging

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 Economics – is the study of the ways in which men
and women make a living, the most pressing problem
most human beings face.

 Its subject matter is often summarized as:

 1. Production
 2. Distribution
 3. Consumption

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 Some of the topics includes are:
 1. Supply and demand
 2. Monetary and fiscal policy
 3. Costs
 4. Inflation
 5. Unemployment

 Economics seeks to explain, guide and predict social

arrangements by which we satisfy economic wants.

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 Political Science – is the study of social arrangments
to maintain peace and order within a given society.

 It deals with government, and its interest are:

 1. Politics
 2. Laws
 3. Adminsitration
 4.International Relations
 5. Theory of the nature and functions of the state

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Demography – Deals with
population as a unit of analysis.
Demographic processes such
as birth migration and aging are
investigated because they
impact on how society changes
across a period of time

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Linguistic – Deals with
the Language, a
product of human
race’s biological and
cultural heritage.

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 BRANCHES OF
ANTHROPOLOGY
1.ARCHAEOLOGY
-this branch of knowledge attempts to trace
the origin, growth and development of culture in the past. By
past we meant the period before history when man had not
acquired the capabilities of language, not merely to speak but
also to write in order to record the story of his life.
- examines the remains of ancient and
historical human populations to promote and understanding
of how humans have adapted to their environment and
developed.
2. SOCIO-CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
-promotes the study of societies culture
through their belief systems, practices, and possessions.
 The Archaeological Anthropologist differs from the
Socio-Cultural Anthropologist in two important aspects:

1. The former studies past cultures while the latter studies

present.

2. The former lacks the advantage of personal contact and

interaction with the people he is studying which the
former enjoys.
3. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
-it is a branch of anthropology which
attempts to explore human mystery related to their origin,
differentiation, diversities and distributions.
-looks into biological development of
humans and contemporary variations.
4. LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
-it is the branch of anthropology which deals
with language.
-it is concerned with the languages of all
people, past and present as it is the chief vehicle through
which man preserves and transmits his culture from
generation to generation.
-it is also interested in the relationship
between language and cultural cognition as well as cultural
behaviour.
5. APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
-It attempts to solve contemporary problems
through the application of theories and approaches of the
discipline.