21/01/2021 HEMATOCRIT: normal, high and low values - Testlevels

HEMATOCRIT: normal, high and low values

Marco Rissone - Analysis

What is hematocrit

What does hematocrit mean? L'hematocrit (also called Ht or HCT) is one of the parameter
circulating blood (expressed in ml) occupied by the volume of erythrocytes (also expresse

is platelets. The latter component is, in fact, analyzed through its speci c parameter, the p

Normally, this parameter is expressed by using a fraction or, more commonly, as a percent

Why and when the hematocrit is measured: indications for the

The HCT, as already mentioned above, is part of the set of values found within a very comm

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Variations in HCT values indicate the existence of an alteration in production or survival of
in any way. Only thanks to the interpretation of other parameters, normal values of hemog

underlying process that alters the hematocrit percentage.

Normal hematocrit values

The hematocrit varies according to the age and sex of the subject. The values in children v

and reaching the range of 36-43% in children of 10 years.

The reference values of the hematocrit in adults are: English

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21/01/2021 HEMATOCRIT: normal, high and low values - Testlevels

Man = 39 - 50 %;

Female = 35 - 45 %.

The difference between male and female individuals lies in the greater secretion of testost
erythropoietin or EPO, responsible for the production of red blood cells within the bone m

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21/01/2021 HEMATOCRIT: normal, high and low values - Testlevels

Normal, high

High hematocrit (high HCT)

What are the high hematocrit values? A hematocrit value higher than 50% for men and h

Causes of high hematocrit

The possible causes of high hematocrit I'm:

Dehydration. In this case we are not witnessing a real increase in circulating red bloo
condition of "haemoconcentration"). Among the possible losses of liquids from the bo

cholera, in which large volumes of water are lost through the faeces), burns, incorrect

amounts of uids);

Polycythemia vera and conditions of polyglobulism. This is a disease of the erythrocyt

way, thus raising both the absolute value of red blood cells and the hematocrit;

Some lung diseases. The absorption of oxygen in them is not adequate to meet the b

this lack;
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Acute renal failure and kidney tumors. In these two conditions, there is an increase in

Some congenital heart diseases, which do not allow the correct distribution of blood
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and will induce the production of new "vectors" for oxygen (red blood cells) to make u
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the condition of cor pulmonale; Dis
Sleep disorders, for example Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS - also referredEri

causing apneas and, consequently, hypoxia and hypercapnia. To cope with this, the b
erythrocytes and, therefore, also of the hematocrit;

Often the hematocrit value is increased to improve sports performance through incre

High hematocrit symptoms

This situation creates a greater density e blood viscosity. If taken to the extreme and for a

more force to be pushed into the peripheral capillaries, causing the heart to exert a greate

the subject to important risks for his health due to the resulting hypertension, such as hae
English
(called "thrombophilia"). Other symptoms of high hematocrit, also not very speci c to the

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21/01/2021 HEMATOCRIT: normal, high and low values - Testlevels

Low hematocrit (low HCT)

What are the low hematocrit values? Low hematocrit is de ned by a value below 39% in m

Causes of low hematocrit

The main ones causes of low hematocrit I'm:

Ad

Prolonged aerobic training, a condition that is associated with an increase in the volu

De ciencies in iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. In all these cases, fundamental elemen

Bleeding throughout the body (from heavy menstruation to actual bleeding due to t

Leukemia and malignant tumors, which can lower the production of red blood cells
Cirrhosis of the liver
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Chronic renal failure, which leads to an inability of the kidney to produce erythropoiet

Blood dyscrasias, or diseases of the production of hemoglobin (Hb), for example α and
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anemia;
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Exposure to toxins and radiation, which can depress production to varying degreesDis
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Chronic in ammatory diseases, which give rise to particular anemias in which iron w

be impaired.

Low hematocrit symptoms

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THE symptoms of low hematocrit they are also based on the reduction, in many cases, of

conditions. Others include paleness, brittle hair, enlarged spleen, fainting, dizziness, weakn

and feet, chest pain. Effective remedies such as arti cial erythropoietin can be used in the

Exam preparation

The patient, before undergoing the blood sample, should be fasting from the previous eve
cholesterol (https://www.esamievalori.com/en/cholesterol-cholesterolemia/)) that are in ue

sense can be found. Therefore, as far as this value is concerned, fasting may not be necess
 collected in a test tube which will be centrifuged for ve minutes, separating the corpuscl
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tool, which will analyze all the parameters we need in hemometry (including MCV (https://
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Factors affecting the measurement Eri

There are conditions, in addition to the different secretion of testosterone, that can alter th

an increase in the aqueous component of the blood, ie the plasma, with respect to the cor

categories of patients, this parameter will be a few percentage points lower (this value var

number of red blood cells.

In addition to the low hematocrit in pregnancy, there is a second example: patients who re

being stimulated by testosterone, can be produced in all those situations in which the leve

guaranteeing a transport of oxygen in a more effective to fabrics. In the mountains, the ox

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for our body to extract it to the point of satisfying all metabolic requirements. Therefore th

increasing the hematocrit.

Smokers also have higher hematocrit values. Due to the smoke and the absorption of qua

absorb ever smaller quantities of oxygen from the air, stimulating it to improve the oxygen

concentration of red blood cells in the blood.

In some sport, on the other hand, the hematocrit can be altered to signi cantly increase t

sport, there is a limit to the hematocrit found in the blood tests to which they must consta

purposes a "doping"), but above all it allows to effectively protect the health of all athletes.

an altered hematocrit value in the blood tests prior to the penultimate race of the Giro d'It

accusation.

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