BUS 172: Introduction to Statistics

Section: 04
Group Assignment
Assignment Number: GW

Prepared For:
Israt Laila (Isl)
North South University

Prepared By:
Md.Salahuddin - 1531219630
Anika Chowdhury - 1831528048
Mahjabeen Mou - 1831380047
Jobayed Uddin – 1831913030

Date of submission: 18 January 2021

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 2.5 0.7 3.4 1.8 1.9 2.00 1.3 1.2 2.2 0.9 2.7
3.2 0.7 2.3 3.1 1.3 4.2 3.4 1.5 2.1 1.00 2.4
3.6 0.8 3.00 2.8 3.6 3.1 2.4 3.2 4.4 4.1 1.5
3.00 3.7 1.7 3.1 2.4 3.00 1.5 3.1 2.4 2.1 2.1
1.2 2.2 1.3 3.00 3.00 2.2 1.5 2.7 0.9 2.5 3.2
2.3 0.6 0.00 1.00 1.4 0.9 2.6 2.1 3.4 0.5 4.1
2.2 4.2 1.1 2.3 3.1 1.7 2.8 2.5 1.8 1.7 0.6
1.3 1.7 3.00 0.8 1.6 1.8 1.4 3.00 1.9 2.7 0.8
2.6 3.2 1.00 3.2 1.6 3.4 1.7 2.3 2.6 1.4 3.3

Read the following scenario on a survey that you have conducted on the
citizens of Dhaka city
for your final assignment. Then answer the following questions.
In the near future, nations will likely to do more to save the environment.
Possible actionsinclude reducing energy use and recycling. Currently, most
products manufactured from recycledmaterial are considerably more
expensive than those manufactured from material found in theearth. For
example, it is approximately three times as expensive to produce glass bottles
fromrecycled glass than from silica sand, soda ash, and limestone, all plentiful
materials mined innumerous countries. It is more expensive to manufacture
aluminium cans from recycled cansthan from bauxite. Newspapers are an
exception. It can be profitable to recycle newspaper. Amajor expense is the
collection from homes. In recent years, many companies have gone into the
business of collecting used newspapers from households and recycling them. A
financial analystfor one such company has recently computed that the firm
would make a profit if the meanweekly newspaper collection from each
household exceeded 2.0 pounds. In a study to determinethe feasibility of a
recycling plant, a random sample of 148 households was drawn from a
largecommunity, and the weekly weight of newspapers discarded for recycling
for each householdwas recorded and listed.
Do these data provide sufficient evidence to allow the analyst to conclude that
a recycling plantwould be profitable?
Questions to be answered:
A. For quantitative data collected answer the following questions: Assume
that thequantitative values (weight of discarded newspaper) provided by the
householdsin both your sample and population are normally distributed.
1. Draw the frequency distributions and calculate relative frequencies and
relative frequency percentages for the variables (Number of classes should be
5). Decide on the type of the variables (Discrete or Continuous variable).
Answer;
As we know, some variables assume values that cannot be counted, and they can
assume any numerical value between two numbers. Such variables are called
continuous variables.
The type of variable is: Continuous variable.
According to the table, range= maximum-minimum 4.4-0.0=4.4
So, width of each class is= 4.4/5 (Number of classes should be 5)
=0.88

Class Frequency Relative Relative frequency

frequency percentage
0.0-0.88 13 0.0878 8.78%
0.88-1.76 39 0.2635 26.35%
1.76-2.64 48 0.3243 32.43%
2.64-3.52 36 0.2432 24.32%
3.52-4.4 12 0.0812 8.12%
Total, ∑f=148 Total=1.00 Total=100.0%
(Answer)
Q2. Calculate the Mean, Variance and Standard deviation for the variable. And
interpret them.
Answer No. 2: Mean for sample data: x = mf
n
where m is the midpoint and f is the frequency of class.
Class Frequency (f) Midpoint mf m2f
(m)
0.0-0.88 13 0.44 5.72 2.5168
0.88-1.76 39 1.32 51.48 67.9536

1.76-2.64 48 2.20 105.60 232.32

2.64-3.52 36 3.08 110.88 341.5104
3.52-4.40 12 3.96 47.52 188.1792
n = 148 mf=321.2 m2f=832.48
0

x = mf= 321.20
n 148
= 2.170 pounds ( Ans )
Thus, 2.170 pounds of newspaper discarded on an average each day.

Sample Variance:
s2 =m2f – (mf )2
n
n-1
= 832.48- ( 321.20)2
148
148-1
 = 0.921 ( Ans )
Sample standard deviation:
s = √ s2
= √ 0.921
= 0.9597 pounds ( Ans )
Thus, the standard deviation of discarded newspaper is 0.9597pounds.

Q3. Draw a Polygon and explain the shape of the polygon.

Answer 3 :

Another type of graph that represent the same set of data as a histogram represents is
a frequency polygon. A frequency polygon is a graph constructed by using lines to join
the midpoints of each interval, or bin. The heights of the points represent the
frequencies. A frequency polygon can be created from the histogram or by calculating
the midpoints of the bins from the frequency distribution table. The midpoint of a bin is
calculated by adding the upper and lower boundary values of the bin and dividing the
sum by 2.
4.Using Chebyshev’s theorem, find at least what percentage of newspaper
weight in thisgroup have weight between 1.1 and 3.1 pounds?

µ=2.170, Ϭ= 0.9597
µ+ k Ϭ = 3.1 => k= 0.96905
µ- k Ϭ=2.170- (0.96905x0.9597) =1.2400
P(1.1≤x≤3.1) ≥ P(1.2400≤x ≤3.1)
=P (|x-µ |≤0.96905 xµ)
= 1-(¹/k2)
= 0.0648971
P (1.1 ≤x≤3.1) ≥ 0.0648971
=6.4897%
5. Find the probability that the weight of a randomly selected discarded
newspaper package from a household will be between 1.8 pound and 3.3
pound.
Probabilitybetween 1.8 pound and 3.3 pound is P(1.8≤x≤3.3)
Ϭ=0.98
When 1.8 is X,Z= (1.8-2.1804)/0.98
=-0.39
When 3.3 is X, Z= (3.3-2.1804)/0.98
=1.14
⸪ P(-0.39<Z<1.14)
= (0.8729-0.3483)
=0.5246
So, Probabilitybetween 1.8 pound and 3.3 pound is P(1.8≤x≤3.3)
( answer)