DISEASES TRANSMITTED THROUGH FOOD AND WATER

DISEASE CAUSATIVE AGENT MODE OF TRANSMISSION PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT PREVENTION

1.Cholera Vibrio cholera Fecal-oral route Rice watery stool Diagnostic Test: Proper handwashing
Vibrio coma Stool culture Proper food and water
Other names: Ogawa and Inaba bacteria 5 Fs Period of communicability: Treatment: sanitation
Eltor 7-14 days after onset, Oral Rehydration Solution Immunization of Chole-vac
Incubation Period: occasionally 2-3 months (ORESOL)
Few hours to 5 days; usually 3 days IVF
Drug-of-Choice: tetracycline
(use straw; can cause staining
of teeth) Oral tetracycline
should be administered with
meals or after milk.
2. Amoebic Entamoeba histolytica Fecal-oral route • Abdominal cramping Treatment: Proper handwashing
Dysentry • Bloody mucoid stool Proper food and water
Protozoan (slipper-shaped • Tenesmus – feeling of Metronidazole (Flagyl) sanitation
body) incomplete defecation *Avoid alcohol because of its
(Wikipedia) Antabuse effect can cause
vomiting
3. Shigellosis Shigella bacillus Fecal-oral route • Abdominal cramping Drug-of-choice: Co- Proper handwashing
5Fs: Finger, Foods, Feces, Flies, • Bloody mucoid stool trimoxazole Proper food and water
Other names: Sh-dysenterae – most Fomites • Tenesmus – feeling of Diet: Low fiber, plenty of sanitation
Bacillary dysentery infectious Incubation Period: 1 dat, usually less incomplete defecation fluids, easily digestible foods Fly control
Sh-flesneri – common in the than 4 days (Wikipedia)
Philippines
Sh-connei
Sh-boydii
4. typhoid fever Salmonella typhosa (plural, Fecal-oral route • Rose Spots in the abdomen Diagnostic Test: Proper handwashing
typhi) 5Fs – due to bleeding caused by Typhi dot – confirmatory Proper food and water
Incubation Period: Usual range 1 to 3 perforation of the Peyer’s test; specimen is feces sanitation
weeks, average 2 weeks patches Widal’s Test – agglutination
• Ladderlike fever of the patient’s serum
Drug-of-Choice:
 Chloramphenicol
5. Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Virus Fecal-oral route • Fever Prophylaxis: “IM” injection of Proper handwashing
Other names: 5Fs • Anorexia (early sign) gamma globulin Proper food and water
Infectious Incubation Period: 15-50 days, • Headache Hepatitis A vaccine sanitation
Hepatitis/Epidemic depending on dose, average 20-30 • Jaundice (late sign) Hepatitis immunoglobulin Proper disposal of urine and
Hepatitis/Catarrhal days • Clay-colored stool Avoid alcohol feces
Jaundice • Lymphadenopathy Complete bed rest – to Separate and proper cleaning
reduce the breakdown of fats of articles used by patient
for metabolic needs of liver
Low-fat diet; increase
carbohydrates (high in sugar)
In convalescent period,
patient may have difficulty
with maintaining a sense of
well-being
6. Paralytic Dinoflagellates Ingestion of raw of inadequately • Numbness of face Treatment: 1. Avoid eating shellfish
Shellfish Poisoning Phytoplankton cooked seafood usually bivalve especially around the mouth 1. No definite such as tahong,
(PSP I Red tide mollusks during red tide season • Vomiting and dizziness treatment talaba, halaan,
poisoning) Incubation Period: • Headache 2. Induce vomiting kabiya, abaniko
30 minutes to several hours after • Tingling 3. Drink pure coconut during red tide
ingestions sensation/paresthesia and milk – weakens the season
eventful paralysis of hands toxic effect 2. Don’t mix vinegar to
• Floating sensation and 4. Sodium bicarbonate shellfish it will
weakness solution (25 grams in increase toxic effect
• Rapid pulse ½ glass of water) 15 times greater
• Dysphonia Advised only in the
• Dysphagia early stage of illness
• Total muscle paralysis because paralysis can
leading to respiratory arrest lead to aspiration
and death NOTE: Persons who survived
the first 12 hours after
ingestion have a greatest
chance of survival.