Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CARE
Presented By
Dr Nikhil Bansal
J.N.M.C.,Wardha
INDEX
INTRODUCTION
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES DUE TO AGING
HEALTH PROBLEMS OF THE AGED
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
a. PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE
b. INTERVENTION IN REHABLITATION
SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE GOVT.
NON-GOVT. ORGANISATIONS
What is GERIATRICS ??????
Physical problem
Psychological problems
Social problem
Economical
Physical problems
Ailments % of occurrence
Visual complaints 88 %
Locomotor system 40 %
disorders
Neurological 18.7 %
complaints
Cardiovascular system 17.4 %
Loss of Presbyopia
accommodation
Brittleness of fingernails
Slurred speech
Gastrointestinal complaints
GI disorders for about 9% of the old
age complaints
These are:
Peptic ulcer
Constipation
Ulcerative colitis
Carcinoma of GIT
Gastro-intestinal tract
Reduced gastric Non-ulcer Poor absorption
acidity and dyspepsia and and deficiency
intestinal constipation states
motility
These include
Nerve deafness
Conductive hearing loss
Genito-urinary complaints
These form about 3.5% of the old age
complaints
They are:
Enlargement of prostate
Dysuria
Nocturia
Frequency and urgency of micturation
Genito-urinary tract
Reduced no. of Impaired Accumulation
nephrons excretion of toxins in the
body
Reduced renal Impaired Accumulation
blood flow and excretion of toxins in the
reduced GFR body
Reduced Urinary UTI
bladder incontinence
capacity
Prostatic BHP Frequency
hyperplasia in
men
Geriatric Gynecology
Atrophy of UTI’s and Carcinoma
vaginal and atrophic cervix
urethral mucosa vaginitis
Increased Auto-immune
synthesis of disorders
auto-antibodies
Psychiatric complaints
These form 8.5% of the old age
complaints
These include
Alzheimer’s disease
Depression
Anxiety
Delirium
Schizophrenia
Personality disorder
Suicide and deliberate self harm
others
Atrophy of Reduced food Nutritional
mucous intake and change deficiency
membrane of of taste and smell states
mouth
SYMPTOMS SIGNS
MOOD
APPEARANCE
COGNITIVE
BEHAVIOUR
VEGETATIVE
PSYCHOMOTOR
VOLITIONAL RETARDATION
PHYSCHOMOTOR
AGITATION
INCIDENCE IN ELDERLY
MAJOR DEPRESSION
3% community dwelling
14% two years after spouse dies
15% medically ill
25% long-term-care settings
Social problems
Abuse
Dependancy
Insecurity
Rehabilitation
Abuse
Abuse of the old
Mistreatment of older people – referred
to as ‘‘elder abuse’’ – was first described
in British scientific journals in 1975
under the term ‘‘granny battering’’
The abuse may be of a physical nature,
it may be psychological (involving
emotional or verbal aggression), or it
may involve financial or other material
maltreatment.
Elder Abuse
AIMS –
the user.
Evaluation of newly discovered
risk factors
Severe functional disability-
hospitalization and detailed assessment.
Mild to moderate dysfunction-
cause found-
drugs+ caregiver support+ rehabilitation
cause not found
caregiver support+ rehabilitation.
Functional evaluation reveals good function-
assurance.
Multi-disciplinary Geriatric
Assessment (Geriatric Clinic)
The concept of geriatric clinic suits best for
assessment and management of diseases and
disabilities in the elderly.
Components-
Gerontologist/Physician
Physiotherapist
Occupational therapist
Ophthalmologist
Audiologist
Psychiatrist
Dietitian
Nurse and
Social worker.
Scope-
This facility is available only at tertiary and few
secondary health care centers.
In a primary health care set-up, a trained physician, a
trained nurse and a physiotherapist should be able
to assess the elderly fairly well.
PREVENTIVE HEALTH CARE
Preventive Health Care in Elderly
It includes-
Primary prevention.
Secondary prevention.
Tertiary prevention.
Primary prevention
Health habits-
Inadequate nutrition
Addiction to smoking & alcohol
Lack of exercise
Inadequate sleep
Predisposing factor for coronary heart disease
Modifiable-
smoking, obesity, HT, DM, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia,
etc.
Non-modifiable-
age, sex, genetic factors, etc.
Immunization-
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Tetanus.
Osteoporosis prevention-
Calcium and vit-d supplementation.
Hip protector devices.
Injury prevention
Burns accidents and falls should be prevented
by;-
Removal of obstacles
Keep the floor dry
Bright lighting
Flat shoes
Railing/holding bars in bathrooms
Low level switches
Easy and safe access to water.
Secondary prevention
Screening
Social attitude
Physicians support