SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE - List of Research Topics and Research Priorities. Descriptive statistics in total sample and by geographical distribution.

Northern Central Europe Southern

Total sample
MACROAREA (N=75)
Europe (NE) (CE) Europe (SE) POST
RESEARCH TOPICS (N=20) (N=31) (N=24) Sig. HOC
* ** ***
Research Priorities Mean 0 1-2 3-5 Mean Mean Mean P<0.05
n n n n
Value(SD) (%) (%) (%) Value(SD) Value(SD) Value(SD)
1 – DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
1. OLDER WORKER 73 3.90(0.82) 0.0 4.1 95.9 20 3.80(0.77) 30 3.83(0.87) 23 4.09(0.79) ns
1.1 Extended working lives and prolonged workplace exposures to
physical, chemical, biological and psychosocial hazards:
development of techniques and models to collect lifelong 71 3.66(1.03) 0.0 14.1 85.9 20 3.40(1.10) 29 3.69(0.93) 22 3.86(1.08) ns
exposure data and to assess the effects of such exposures on
workers’ H&S.
1.2 Investigate the causes of early departure from work and the
potential OSH measures (e.g. products, support, adaptation and
69 3.51(1.02) 0.0 15.9 84.1 19 3.32(1.11) 28 3.64(0.83) 22 3.50(1.19) ns
incentives) to improve the work environment, and support,
rehabilitate and retain ageing workers over a longer working life.
1.3 Identify the potential impacts of work organisation and job
design on older workers’ H&S and the ways in which these can
70 3.70(1.01) 0.0 12.9 87.1 19 3.37(1.01) 29 3.76(0.87) 22 3.91(1.15) ns
support individual older workers. Specific areas of interest
include MSDs, stress, and interventions for SMEs.
1.4 Investigate the role of HRM and improve their management
practices on employee and organisational level outcomes, such
as wellbeing/work ability, work engagement, resilience, 67 3.37(1.03) 0.0 16.4 83.6 18 3.17(1.10) 28 3.64(0.99) 21 3.19(0.98) ns
retirement intentions, actual retirement transition and
productivity.
SE>NE
2. WOMEN AT WORK AND GENDER ASPECTS 71 3.14(1.28) 4.2 23.9 71.9 19 2.74(1.45) 29 2.93(1.39) 23 3.74(0.69) 0.023
SE>CE
1.5 Investigate and develop understanding of gender differences in
71 3.30(1.21) 4.2 16.9 78.9 19 3.16(0.96) 29 3.03(1.52) 23 3.74(0.81) ns
occupational risks, including new and emerging risks.
1.6 Investigate and reduce negative effects on women’s safety
behaviours, health and productivity of the interaction between
work organisation and work environment, job insecurity, 69 3.22(1.14) 1.4 23.2 75.4 18 2.72(1.13) 28 3.36(1.25) 23 3.44(0.90) ns
women’s work-life balance and women’s physiological
conditions.
3. MIGRANT WORKERS 71 3.45(1.27) 2.8 16.9 80.3 18 3.89(0.90) 30 3.03(1.50) 23 3.65(1.07) ns
1.7 Identify OSH issues for workers living away from their home
country, for example low pay, poor working conditions, and poor 71 3.37(1.16) 1.4 21.1 77.5 20 3.40(0.88) 28 3.32(1.25) 23 3.39(1.31) ns
H&S conditions.
1.8 Understand and address the impact on OSH management of
linguistic, cultural and knowledge diversity in multicultural 70 3.57(1.02) 1.4 12.9 85.7 19 3.63(0.83) 28 3.46(1.20) 23 3.65(0.94) ns
workplaces: how to develop a sustainable and inclusive OSH
 system for multinational and multi-ethnic workforces.
4. HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND WORK – VULNERABLE
71 3.48(1.04) 0.0 16.9 83.1 20 3.55(0.95) 29 3.31(1.14) 22 3.64(1.00) ns
WORKERS
1.9 Investigate the extent of problems facing vulnerable workers
using, for example, longitudinal studies, sector or group specific
68 3.35(1.10) 0.0 22.1 77.9 20 3.30(1.26) 26 3.31(1.05) 22 3.46(1.06) ns
studies, comparative studies between countries, taking into
account the impact of social determinants.
1.10 Investigate the factors that could improve the situation for
vulnerable workers using, for example, workplace intervention 69 3.32(1.01) 0.0 18.8 81.2 20 3.15(0.99) 27 3.37(0.88) 22 3.41(1.18) ns
studies and individual solutions.
5. DISABLED AND CHRONICALLY SICK WORKERS (WORK
DISABILITY PREVENTION AND RETURN-TO-WORK 73 3.66(0.96) 0.0 11.0 89.0 20 3.50(0.83) 30 3.67(0.99) 23 3.78(1.04) ns
RESEARCH)
1.11 Working with disability (chronic degenerative diseases,
oncological, neurodegenerative, dysmetabolic conditions):
assess the impact of occupational risk factors on older workers 67 3.55(0.99) 0.0 16.4 83.6 18 3.39(0.92) 28 3.54(1.04) 21 3.71(1.01) ns
with chronic diseases and define interventions to reduce time
off work.
1.12 Investigate ways and tools to prevent disability and to facilitate
return to work in order to promote a longer working life, 68 3.88(0.92) 0.0 7.4 92.6 17 3.65(0.86) 29 3.86(0.95) 22 4.09(0.92) ns
including adaptation of the workplace and work arrangements.
2 – GLOBALIZATION AND THE CHANGING WORLD OF WORK
6. ENTERPRISES’ REORGANISATION PROCESSES
(RESTRUCTURING, MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS,
66 3.15(1.23) 1.5 25.8 72.7 17 2.82(1.19) 29 3.21(1.26) 20 3.35(1.23) ns
DOWNSIZING, CLOSURE, OUTSOURCING,
DELOCALISATION AND RESHORING)
2.13 Understand the effects of geographical relocation of
enterprises (delocalisation and reshoring to and from low wage 62 3.10(1.00) 0.0 27.4 72.6 14 2.93(0.83) 26 3.00(1.02) 22 3.32(1.09) ns
countries) on workers’ H&S and local health services in the EU.
2.14 Foster the emergence of a new approach to organisational
change which allows enterprises managers to face, understand
61 3.48(1.09) 0.0 21.3 78.7 17 3.06(0.66) 25 3.52(1.12) 19 3.79(1.27) 0.046 SE>NE
and overcome the negative impacts of restructuring on
motivation, well-being and health of employees.
2.15 Identify practical interventions to reduce OSH risks and to
63 3.62(0.96) 0.0 15.9 84.1 16 3.38(0.96) 26 3.58(0.76) 21 3.86(1.15) ns
support employees' wellbeing during restructuring.
2.16 Further improve knowledge on restructuring impact on risk
62 3.44(1.07) 0.0 16.1 83.9 14 3.21(1.12) 27 3.56(0.89) 21 3.43(1.25) ns
factors (including psychosocial) for workers’ H&S.
7. OSH CONSEQUENCES OF MARKET INTEGRATION BASED
ON THE REDUCTION OF BARRIERS TO FREE MOVEMENT 62 2.85(1.14) 3.2 29.1 67.7 14 2.43(1.34) 27 2.81(1.08) 21 3.19(1.03) ns
OF GOODS
2.17 Assess and reduce the risk of introducing unsafe and unhealthy 66 3.68(0.96) 0.0 7.6 92.4 16 3.88(0.81) 30 3.43(0.97) 20 3.90(1.02) ns
 work equipment, materials and goods into EU manufacturing
processes and workplaces.
2.18 OSH research contribution to the development of policies
ensuring the trade of goods produced according to globally 61 3.43(1.12) 0.0 16.4 83.6 14 3.57(1.16) 29 3.35(1.08) 18 3.44(1.20) ns
shared standards for the protection of workers' H&S.
8. CHANGING EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS AND PRACTICES 69 3.65(1.04) 0.0 14.5 85.5 19 3.32(1.11) 30 3.77(0.94) 20 3.80(1.11) ns
2.19 Precarious work and job insecurity: better understand and
67 3.55(1.00) 0.0 14.9 85.1 17 3.24(0.97) 28 3.57(1.03) 22 3.77(0.97) ns
address effects on workers’ H&S.
2.20 OSH management in new forms of employment
67 3.64(1.20) 0.0 20.9 79.1 17 3.35(1.22) 29 3.83(1.07) 21 3.62(1.36) ns
(crowdsourcing, internships, zero hours contracts).
2.21 Impact of precarious jobs on work-life balance. 67 3.46(1.06) 0.0 19.4 80.6 18 3.17(1.04) 27 3.48(1.01) 22 3.68(1.13) ns
2.22 Impact of prolonged precariousness on health conditions, SE>NE
67 3.78(0.98) 0.0 11.9 88.1 18 3.44(1.10) 27 3.59(0.93) 22 4.27(0.77) 0.009
wellbeing and quality of life of an ageing workforce. SE>CE
9. WORKING CONDITIONS, WORK ORGANISATION AND JOB
72 3.81(1.03) 0.0 12.5 87.5 18 3.61(1.15) 31 3.94(1.00) 23 3.78(1.00) ns
CONTENT
2.23 Identify best work organisation practices to deal with health
effects of an increasingly sedentary workforce (e.g. obesity and 69 3.41(1.10) 0.0 18.8 81.2 19 3.11(1.24) 29 3.62(1.18) 21 3.38(0.81) ns
Musculo-Skeletal Disorders - MSDs).
2.24 Identify and address consequences on OSH of innovation and
new ways of working, such as remote working practices (tele- 68 3.62(1.07) 0.0 17.6 82.4 17 3.06(1.09) 30 3.90(0.92) 21 3.67(1.11) 0.037 CE>NE
work, e-work, boundary less work).
2.25 Find a balance between the need of enhancing employees'
control over their work practices and the increasing adoption 55 3.13(1.02) 0.0 27.3 72.7 13 2.85(0.80) 26 3.15(1.22) 16 3.31(0.79) ns
of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems.
2.26 Assessment of methods to improve management of
psychosocial risks and promotion of psychosocial safety climate 67 3.52(1.05) 0.0 16.4 83.6 16 3.38(1.03) 29 3.62(1.08) 22 3.50(1.06) ns
in ever increasingly competitive work environments.
2.27 Assessment of work-related stress influence in companies
69 3.45(0.98) 0.0 15.9 84.1 18 3.22(0.81) 29 3.55(0.87) 22 3.50(1.23) ns
(workers’ health, productivity, etc.).
2.28 Use and abuse of substances improving working performance
67 2.75(1.12) 0.0 41.8 58.2 17 2.18(0.88) 28 2.86(1.18) 22 3.05(1.09) 0.041 SE>NE
and consequences on OSH.
2.29 Impact of mobile work on workers’ physical and psychosocial
67 3.25(1.09) 0.0 23.9 76.1 17 2.82(0.88) 29 3.52(1.06) 21 3.24(1.22) ns
health.
2.30 Management of OSH risks in multi-location work. 66 3.29(1.09) 1.5 21.2 77.3 17 2.94(1.09) 29 3.38(1.15) 20 3.45(1.00) ns
2.31 Better understand and address effects of working-time
flexibilisation (long working hours and shift work) on health,
70 3.81(0.86) 0.0 7.1 92.9 19 3.68(0.95) 29 3.76(0.79) 22 4.00(0.87) ns
wellbeing and productivity of the working population (specific
attention should to be paid to vulnerable workers).
3 – OSH RESEARCH FOR SAFE NEW TECHNOLOGIES
10. NANOMATERIALS 63 3.89(0.95) 0.0 11.1 88.9 15 3.53(1.30) 26 3.69(0.84) 22 4.36(0.58 0.015 SE>CE
3.32 Develop standardised sampling and measurement methods to
58 4.00(0.92) 1.7 1.7 96.6 16 3.63(1.26) 20 4.00(0.80) 22 4.27(0.63) ns
quantify and characterise exposure to NOAA.
3.33 Develop regulations, guidelines and good practices for safely
57 3.90(1.08) 1.8 7.0 91.2 14 3.57(1.51) 21 4.05(0.92) 22 3.96(0.90) ns
working with NOAA.
3.34 Improve risk assessment for workers exposed to NOAA
(toxicological evaluation, studies of effects on human and
58 3.81(1.02) 1.7 8.6 89.7 15 3.47(1.46) 21 3.71(0.96) 22 4.14(0.56) ns
biological systems and development of bio-monitoring
programs).
3.35 Define Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) for NOAA. 59 3.63(1.20) 1.6 15.3 83.1 15 3.13(1.51) 22 3.59(1.26) 22 4.00(0.76) ns
3.36 Improve research data and knowledge transfer on physical and
chemical properties of NOAA to define the best set of 57 3.79(1.16) 1.8 10.5 87.7 15 3.20(1.37) 21 3.67(1.20) 21 4.33(0.66) 0.015 SE>NE
properties for the cause-effect relationship.
SE>NE
3.37 Improve risk management tools for exposure to NOAA. 59 3.70(1.10) 1.7 11.9 86.4 16 3.38(1.20) 21 3.48(1.17) 22 4.14(0.83) 0.030
SE>CE
3.38 Develop an information gathering approach for registration and
53 3.57(1.07) 1.9 13.2 84.9 14 3.43(1.40) 21 3.76(1.00) 18 3.44(0.86) ns
toxicity testing for fibrous advanced materials.
11. GREEN JOBS 70 3.44(0.97) 0.0 12.9 87.1 18 3.33(1.09) 30 3.37(1.10) 22 3.64(0.66) ns
3.39 Better understand OSH implications in the Green Economy (e.g.
green biotechnologies and green construction, renewable
energies, waste management and environmental 65 3.57(0.98) 0.0 9.2 90.8 18 3.44(0.78) 25 3.44(1.16) 22 3.82(0.91) ns
bioremediation) through data collection and scientific analysis
on risk exposure.
3.40 Improve the identification and assessment of biological risks in
the field of biofuel production (biomasses production, biogas
59 3.51(1.02) 0.0 15.3 84.7 18 3.67(0.69) 22 3.18(1.26) 19 3.74(0.93) ns
plants, organic waste recovery), including the hazards related
to the use of biotechnologies.
12. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
69 3.58(1.13) 1.4 14.5 84.1 17 3.12(1.36) 29 3.90(1.05) 23 3.52(0.95) ns
(ICT)
3.41 Development of smart Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
and adaptive/wearable sensors for the monitoring of
67 3.70(1.10) 0.0 14.9 85.1 18 3.44(1.20) 29 3.55(1.09) 20 4.15(0.93) ns
environmental conditions and workers’ physiological
parameters.
3.42 Assessing the effects and impact of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) on workers’ H&S, quality of 67 3.36(1.08) 0.0 22.4 77.6 18 3.11(1.08) 28 3.79(1.07) 21 3.00(0.95) 0.013 CE>SE
working life and work-life balance.
3.43 Legal and ethical issues of employee monitoring and collected
66 3.38(1.16) 1.5 15.2 83.3 18 3.28(1.13) 28 3.50(1.20) 20 3.30(1.17) ns
data protection.
3.44 Data Security and workers’ safety in the Internet of Things
(networks of physical objects that are embedded with the
64 3.39(1.35) 0.0 28.1 71.9 16 2.94(1.65) 28 3.75(1.24) 20 3.25(1.16) ns
ability to exchange data, to interoperate with existing network
infrastructure and that can be controlled remotely).
3.45 H&S factors in the design and engineering of multimodal
64 3.55(1.02) 0.0 17.2 82.8 16 3.13(1.03) 28 3.75(0.97) 20 3.60(1.05) ns
human-computer interaction and interaction devices.
13. ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 61 2.59(1.26) 6.5 41.0 52.5 17 1.82(1.24) 26 2.92(1.20) 18 2.83(1.10) 0.013 NE<CE
 NE<SE
3.46 Investigation of interaction mechanisms of magnetic, electric
57 2.97(1.31) 5.3 28.1 66.6 14 2.14(1.41) 24 3.17(1.09) 19 3.32(1.29) 0.023 NE<SE
and electromagnetic fields with biological systems.
3.47 Electromagnetic fields in the workplace from advanced systems
used in wireless communication and diagnostic technologies:
58 2.97(1.32) 3.4 29.3 67.3 14 2.14(1.29) 24 3.29(1.23) 20 3.15(1.27) 0.030 NE<CE
human exposure and safe interaction with implantable
therapeutic devices.
3.48 Safety evaluation of long exposure to electromagnetic low level
56 2.86(1.47) 8.9 32.2 58.9 12 2.00(1.35) 25 2.88(1.42) 19 3.37(1.42) 0.035 NE<SE
fields.
14. EMERGING TECHNOLOGICAL DEVICES 71 3.87(0.96) 0.0 7.0 93.0 17 3.71(0.85) 31 4.03(0.88) 23 3.78(1.13) ns
3.49 Increasing use of 3D Printing and its implications on OSH. 63 3.29(1.10) 0.0 22.2 77.8 16 3.25(0.93) 28 3.36(1.25) 19 3.21(1.03) ns
3.50 Ensure the full exploitation of opportunities and control of risks
for workers’ safety related to interaction between humans and 64 3.48(1.20) 3.1 12.5 84.4 17 3.18(0.95) 28 3.86(1.01) 19 3.21(1.51) ns
robots.
3.51 OSH implication of Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) and
62 3.29(1.22) 1.6 19.4 79.0 17 3.06(1.09) 27 3.37(1.25) 18 3.39(1.34) ns
Drones.
3.52 OSH related to production, use and maintenance of battery
63 3.06(1.19) 3.2 25.4 71.4 16 2.81(1.05) 28 3.39(1.13) 19 2.79(1.32) ns
powered devices, equipment and vehicles.
4 – CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
15. BIOLOGICAL AGENTS 64 3.58(0.97) 0.0 15.6 84.4 17 3.29(1.21) 26 3.62(0.98) 21 3.76(0.70) ns
4.53 Investigate the contribution of microbial debris to the
occupational exposure to airborne microorganism and the role
46 3.20(1.19) 2.2 15.2 82.6 13 3.31(1.25) 19 3.26(1.05) 14 3.00(1.36) ns
of microorganisms in the development or aggravation of
adverse health effects.
4.54 Investigate occupational risks due to the use or production of
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Genetically 55 2.84(1.37) 5.5 32.7 61.8 16 2.44(1.32) 21 3.14(1.35) 18 2.83(1.43) ns
Modified Microrganisms (GMMs).
4.55 By means of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs), new
antibiotics and vaccines development, ensure proper
protection of European workers' health from emerging 55 3.42(1.21) 0.0 20.0 80.0 15 3.00(1.25) 21 3.43(1.25) 19 3.74(1.10) ns
pathogens introduced (or reintroduced) by globalisation and
climate change.
4.56 Identification of chemical markers and medical parameters for
53 3.32(1.25) 0.0 28.3 71.7 15 3.13(1.30) 21 3.38(1.16) 17 3.41(1.37) ns
correlating the occupational exposure to biological agents.
4.57 Development of appropriate measurement devices and
standardised methods for workplace sampling and assessment 55 3.62(1.16) 0.0 12.7 87.3 17 3.35(1.37) 20 3.90(0.91) 18 3.56(1.20) ns
of exposure to bio-aerosols.
4.58 Analyses and hazard assessment of biological agents at
58 3.43(1.03) 0.0 19.0 81.0 16 3.56(1.21) 24 3.46(0.93) 18 3.28(1.02) ns
workplaces with complex exposure situations.
4.59 Investigate effects of bioremediation technologies and
biodegradable substances used to replace chemicals on 54 3.35(0.97) 0.0 18.5 81.5 16 3.13(1.09) 21 3.38(0.97) 17 3.53(0.87) ns
workers’ health.
16. CHEMICAL AGENTS 64 3.83(0.94) 0.0 10.9 89.1 17 3.59(1.12) 26 3.96(0.77) 21 3.86(0.96) ns
4.60 Improve sampling and detection devices in providing an early
58 3.62(1.01) 0.0 15.5 84.5 16 3.63(1.20) 23 3.57(0.95) 19 3.68(0.95) ns
and reliable detection of chemicals.
4.61 Increase the availability of reliable and non-invasive biomarkers
for measuring occupational exposure to chemical substances 54 3.56(1.08) 0.0 16.7 83.3 15 3.53(1.13) 21 3.62(1.02) 18 3.50(1.15) ns
and their effects.
4.62 Develop the necessary "a priori" knowledge of chemicals safety
to support the increase in the use of "safety by design"
55 3.47(1.15) 0.0 23.6 76.4 15 3.00(1.41) 21 3.71(0.96) 19 3.58(1.07) ns
practices in the development of new materials or in the use of
known materials in innovative ways.
4.63 Scrutinising existing Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) and
their harmonisation with regulatory models (REACH and
52 3.44(1.18) 0.0 23.1 76.9 14 3.50(0.94) 21 3.24(1.41) 17 3.65(1.06) ns
European Food Safety Authority -EFSA) in order to better
protect workers' health.
4.64 Deepen understanding of multiple chemical exposures and
interactions between chemicals and other risk factors (e.g. shift 59 3.63(1.14) 1.7 13.6 84.7 17 3.47(1.18) 23 3.61(1.20) 19 3.79(1.08) ns
work and physical agents).
4.65 Deepen understanding of the relationship between individual
56 2.89(1.29) 1.8 35.7 62.5 16 2.81(1.33) 22 2.59(1.26) 18 3.33(1.24) ns
(genetic) disposition and susceptibility against chemicals.
4.66 Develop exposure modelling techniques for Carcinogenic,
Mutagenic and Reprotoxic (CMR) and sensitising substances in 53 3.51(1.03) 0.0 17.0 83.0 14 3.36(1.08) 22 3.50(1.10) 17 3.65(0.93) ns
order to construct a European Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM).
4.67 Study on trends and significant changes in use of chemical and
biological agents in the workplace (including information 56 3.23(1.04) 0.0 26.8 73.2 15 3.33(0.98) 22 3.23(0.92) 19 3.16(1.26) ns
provided by Market Analysis).
MISCELLANEOUS
5.68 Develop tools and methods to support European companies to
better address their specific prevention needs and build 67 3.21(1.25) 3.0 23.9 73.1 16 2.88(1.26) 28 3.36(1.25) 23 3.26(1.25) ns
programmes to monitor and “secure” employees’ health.
5.69 From research to practice: translation of OSH research
evidence into practical tools to be used at company level and 72 3.82(1.17) 1.4 12.5 86.1 19 3.63(1.21) 30 3.90(1.21) 23 3.87(1.10) ns
identification of the best ways to reach workers.
5.70 Development of a cross EU H&S qualification. 66 2.55(1.26) 7.6 34.8 57.6 17 2.29(1.05) 29 2.52(1.53) 20 2.80(0.95) ns
5.71 Studies on polarisation of employees' occupational health
resources in the labour market (between employees,
workplaces, regions, sectors of employment) and prevention of 59 2.85(1.11) 1.7 33.9 64.4 15 3.20(1.01) 26 2.62(1.20) 18 2.89(1.02) ns
processes leading to unequal distribution of health at various
levels.
5.72 OSH implementation in micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs): develop methods and tools to exploit available data to
67 3.61(1.17) 1.5 13.4 85.1 18 3.56(1.20) 28 3.75(0.97) 21 3.48(1.40) ns
locate, identify, characterise and better regulate ever changing
SMEs.
5.73 Development of measurement techniques, assessment
strategies and safety requirements for noise exposure in call 62 2.36(1.22) 3.2 46.8 50.0 15 1.87(0.92) 28 2.54(1.29) 19 2.47(1.26) ns
centres.
5.74 Non-audible noise: perception, influence, exposure limits,
measurement techniques, assessment strategies, sources in 54 2.76(1.26) 5.6 33.3 61.1 14 1.79(1.05) 26 3.31(0.93) 14 2.71(1.44) 0.001 NE<CE
new technologies and safety requirements.
5.75 Develop knowledge, concepts, techniques and tools to foster a
transdisciplinary approach to research on new technologies
64 3.33(1.31) 4.7 20.3 75.0 16 2.94(1.39) 29 3.66(1.08) 19 3.16(1.50) ns
development, able to address OSH issues from the design
stage.
5.76 Ultrasound on bioeffects and safety: evaluating cell alterations
at both cell membrane and genetic level at non-cavitation 41 2.15(1.37) 12.2 48.8 39.0 12 1.83(1.40) 17 1.94(1.35) 12 2.75(1.29) ns
regime.
5.77 Malodorous substances at the workplace: validating test
systems determining unacceptable nuisance for Occupational 54 2.07(1.21) 7.4 55.6 37.0 13 1.39(0.96) 24 2.46(1.10) 17 2.06(1.35) 0.037 NE<CE
Exposure Limits (OEL) setting purposes.