Af] eesignation & 680 - 80 Standard Practice for Accelerated Polishing of Aggregates or Pavement Surfaces Using a Small-Wheel, Circular Tr ‘Ts sandr ed nde the fed gation & 0: he nb med ick Polishing Machine’ sera antan ee ca eine er ote rion A mis inpetns aese B he et ener oun) neat an era hays teh elon eager INTRODUCTION ng cinall Wheel Circular Track Wear and Polishing Machine? is a device developed to rate ‘aggregates and individual specimens per test run acts Sctual wearing and polishing for bituminous pavement specimens and exposed agaregate Sere ate Provided by the action of four smooth pneumatic ties to eliminate os ence, Possible the variables associated with tire ead pat ter effects. The wheels are adjusted for camber 206 $0" t-out 0 provide scrubbing ation for polishing without the aid of water cy prions ‘compounds, To provide accelerated wear sufficiént to'temove the top textured layer from portland- Seung ni-concrete pavement specimens and :o eypose the coarse aggregace. as often encountered en {resto polish the as-built surface, followed by a period of accelerated wear using the sce checks y ‘expose the coarse aggregate, followed by {final polishing yee using the four rubber tires agin to polish the exposed aggregate 1. Scope {.1 This practice deseribes a laboratory procedure for estimating the extent to which aggregates or pavement furfaces are likely to polish when subjected to tral Specimens to be evaluated for polishing resistance ae places! ina circular track and subjected tothe wearing action of four small-diameter, pneumatic tires without use of abrasive or water. Terminal polish is achieved ater approximately 8h of exposure, 2. Referenced Documents 2. ASTM Standards: C192 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete ‘Test Specimens in the Laboratory? "i we cen ef ASTM Cane E17 Set to res Nap 25,18 Pues 198 ny vow ec. pai ih Whe an ae tk. igeen srr ean Fn Teo so ee StS Pana Mae” gee ene am ice Fk "yma Sn Ya 462 643 D240 Test Methéd'for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness! E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods* E274 Test Method for Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire® E303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Properties Using the British Pendulum Testeré E 707 Test Method fer Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using the North Carolina State University. Variable: Speed Friction Tester* 3. Summary of Practice 3.1 The circular track is fitted with twelve specimen holders that can be adapted to specimens of various shapes and thicknesses. but when mounted in the track. form a continuous plane running surface forthe polishing wheels. A complete set of twelve specimens exposed to wear and polishing at the same time is counted as @ round of testing Usually specimens are tested in sets of three per variable per round of test with three control specimens of a standard surface included in each round to allow comparison between Tounds of testing. It is recommended that each variable be {naa kof ASTM Sued, Vd O80) nna Bot of 457M Suna, Vl 140 nal Bok of ASTM Stora Val 403CENTRAL ORVE SHAFT outing ano tEvELNs ook Dow CLANS: oro sup GEARBOX— ivennest fugcrmem, sxSTEN iifentock ~ [PEN POSITION ia. 1 NCSU Wear a repeated in three rine specimens ps 35 To obtain a polishing curve, specimens are subjected to polishing action in the rack until (riction measurements Hhew no substantial decrease in level with continued pol- Ising effort. Measurements are recorded 2t the beginning of the test and pertodically throughout the test cycle to establish {he shape of the polishing curve. Usually 8h of exposure on the tack at 30 r/min of 7200 wheel passes per hour is Tuffcient to complete the polishing cycle for bituminous ound ‘mixtures and exposed aggregate specimens. For fortland-cement-concrete bound miai.ses, it is recom. pesnded that 2 polish curve be obtainad on the orginal Teetured surface folloned by removal ofthe surface to expose the course ageregate using the stecl-studdsé abrading wheels Th polishing curve is then obtained for the exposed agareeate surface 3 Friction measurements can be obtained for bitumi- nous plant mix type surfaces using the British Pendulum Tester in accordance with Test Method £303. The British Pendulum Tester has been found to be ineffective in ‘otaining friction measurements on highly textured surfaces sty as Bituminous surface wreatments and portiand-cement- SGnesete surfaces, Therefore, it is recommended that the Nonh Carolina, State University Variable-Speed Friction Hester be used in accordance with Test Method E 707 asthe fection reasurement device on highly textured surfaces. With the Variable Speed Friction Tester, speed gradients are obtainable inthe laboratory. 5 3 Interpretation of the laboratory polishing curves for field application is not included as part of this practice. separate rounds, makirg a minimum of er variable to obtain an average polishing a 4 Sigoificance and Use 4.1 The use of laboratory obtained polishing curves and speed gradients on proposed aggregate combinations and pavement mixtures are helpful tools in predicting te pol- Ishing characteristics of these surfaces if placed in field + testing isin progress “on the bottom plate of the specimen holder. 64s |_—sagery gunn = Peale Poon |—newovnsLe wots | renoens paca, TRE AKO Wie BSc SPeCMeW IN TRACK BP srccmen WoLoER PLATE awe sagery suse = SANT foSiiON jahing Machine 5. Apparatus $1 Small-IVheel Circular Track?—A power-driven device cconsising. of four equally spaced wheels, independently Suspended, on each of which may be mounted smooth: EES pneumatic tre, operating over a circular track that hholds Specimens to be polished (Fis. 1) Nore foot Sut Rotating Wheel Assembly—Four individually mounted wheel assemblies, fre-rolling. attached 0 the Trowel shaft. Tires are 11 x 600 x Snylon smooth Sorpateen tread tires. 2-ply rating” Each’ wheel may be pegvidually adjusted for distance from center shat, plane of ‘Ration feamber). and oe-in or tor-out. Tire pressure is Tnaintained at 20 psi (138 KPa) resulting in 13 psi (90 KPa) verage contact pressure under normal 72-1bf (320-N) wheel inading. Each wheel assembly has a horizontal fender onto (Shi sicights may be fastened to increase the wheel loading Gu pair of opposite wheels is toed-out 2 while the other Que br whesis is toed in 4° to produce an accelerated polishing action, TLD Drive mechanism for the vertical central shat is an tecitic motor geared to rotate the shaft and wheel assembly Sesd ed sfmin or approximately 7200 wheel passes pet hour. 5.1.3 Yhe circular tra “Consrvsion pans are published in the reference td ck is 36 i, (918 rm) in diameter 10 the comer of the wheel teavel path. There are spaces for inaividually, mounting twelve equally spaced specimen halves to make up the track running surface. Specimen holders are amped into place tothe supBorting frame when si ‘Specimen holders or track segments are metal plates supponed by thee adjustable, lockable bolts for mounting sey teveling each specimen before and during testing 25 necessary. Ta) “Trapezoidal specimens sawed to size are mounted No top plate is sed, rsa a GoodyecTrand Raber Co. Akin OH #846) 660 5.1.4.2 Circular specimens or cores at leat 6 in (152 mm) in diameter are mounted oa the bottom plate of the specimen holler, and a top plate with the appropriate sliameter circular hole is used to complete the track running surface between adjacent circular specimens 5.14.3 Specimens are cemented to bottom plate using an «epoxy give or may be held in place by a clamping ring 5.2 Electrical Spstem—The electrical system, co thee circuits, 5.241 The motor circuit is equipped with a slow-blow fuse to protect the motor in case of overheating’ or machine lockup, 5.2.2 The motor is controlled by a subtracting predeter- mined revolution counter. 3.2.3 The safety guards are interlockpd so that the motor will not operate unless suards are in operating position, 53 Suidded Steel :thrading Wheel ~The steel abrading wheel fabricated from 12in, (205-mm) diameter steel tubing, is mounted by inflating a pneumatic tite inside Socketchead cap screws, 4-20, used as studs, are arranged in 60 rows and spaced 1,125 in, (28.6 mm) apart within rows with each serew offset 0.375 in, (9.5 mm) from the one above. Two wheels are recommended. Abrading whecls con only: be used on trapezoidal specimens where no top spec imen holder plate is requited (Fig, 2) “ hermopissic cements ar unsatisfxtry 3b they low ‘ote oF shit Jutng the progress of theta sof Nore 3—Consation plans ae published in the eefernce cited in Foote 3 ; 5:3.1 A fiber bristle brush is mounted behind on¢ wheel to sweep the track sucace when the abrading wheel is used (Fi. 2, 5.4 Weighis—Weights of 50 Ib (22.7 kg) may be added to ‘wheel assembly aprons when portland-eement concrete | being teste. 3:3 Friction-Measuring Device—Any friction-measuring device that will operate to within the center 3.3 by 3.06-in (89 by 129-mm) portion of a 6-in. (152-mm).'diametes {specimen would be-suitable provided the measurement can be taken in the direction of trafic and the devite ean be stuooeo sree brads WHEEL taken into the fild 10 be reasonably correlated with Test Method € 274 skid trailer measurements, 5.5.1 Friction measurements can be made on low ‘acrotexture pavements oF pavement samples using the British Pendulum Tester in Test Method E303, 5.5.2 Friction measurements ean be made on any pave- ‘ments or pavement samples using the Variable Speed Fric. tion Tester In addition, speed gradients may be obtained using this device, 5.6 Molds—Specimen molds may vary in size and shape depending upon aggregate, mixture, or surface to be tested 5.6.1 Bituminous Laboratory Specimen-—A 6:in. (152 ‘mim) inside diameter mold is recommer ded for bituminous specimen compaction. The base should be detachable for specimen extraction. If stalic compaction in a compression ‘machine is used. a 5.87S-in,(149-mm) diameter compaction ‘mold plunger shouid be provided 3.6.2 Concrete Luboratory Specimens—Because of tex turing, itis desirable to cost large concrete surfaces and to saw trapezoidal specimens. steel plate and angle iron mold 7:15 by 28.0 by 2 in. (197 by THT by SL mm) deep will provide 2 slab from which three traperoidal specimens can be sawed, 5.6.3 Exposed Aggregate Laboratory Specimens-—A 6-i. (152-mm) inside diameter mold approsimately 8 in. (46 mm) in height is recommended for exposed aggregate specimen preparation. The base should be detachable. for specimen extraction, 5.6.4 Cores and Thin Surfacings—Thin or irregular back specimens may be built up with plaster of pars to suitable ‘mounting thicknesses of Ito 2 in, (25 to 50 mm) using rings ‘cut from paper concrete cylinder molds 6. Materials 6.1 Laborarory-Made Bituminous Specimens—It is rec: ‘ommended that a standard laboratory aggregate for manu: facture of control specimens be stocked in suflicient quantity for approximately 1 year of operation, and that sufficient uanticy shall be retained for cealibration of a new supply before the original supply is exhausted 62 Lahoratory-AMade Portland Cement Conerete Speci — weer assewery SED POstTIOn onsite SHEEPRG BRUSH FIG. 2 Studded Steel-Abrading Wheels and Briste Sweeping Brush 64s@ £660 ‘mons—Ht is recommended that standard laboratory coarse and fine aggregates for manufacture of control specimens be Socked in sufficient quantity Tor approximately 1 year of Speration and that sufficient quantity shall be retained for fcealibration of @ new supply before the original supply is exhausted 6.3 Laboraion-Made Exposed Aggregate Specimens—W is tecommended that standard laboratory coarse aggregate for the manufacture of control specimens be stocked in sufficient quantity for approximately one year of operation Sd that suliclent quantity shall be retained for recalibration ‘f'a new supply before the original supply is exhausts. 64 Specimen Mounting Cement—Commercally avail- able epony cement of a clamping ring shall be used for ‘mounting specimens. 7. Sampling 7.1 Not applicable, as sampling schemes may be varied 10 meet the needs ofthe user . 8. Calibration and Standardization 8.1 Use standard laboratory aggregates for test control BILL Include at least two specimens made from ihe standard laboratory aggregates in every fourth twelve- Specimen run of the circular track for comparison 10 a faster curve (Note 4) previously established for the standard fagaregate fora given gradation or mixture design. Note 4A maser curve fr the conto aggregates canbe obtained ty deeraping the Inetion ales foe 36 specimens (ihre runs of he ach) xponed nthe rack terial polish 8.1.2 Where aggregate evaluation alone for bituminous mixtures is desired, open-grade and size the mixture by Separation into sites and recombine as follows: ‘Seve Sst Peete Pasig in c.7 mm 9 Mo" iasimm a $e. toed mm ” RS. Sotais um ‘ So e010 amt ; Seto cs im 2 8.1.3 Where mixture design or agysegate blend evaluation is desired, the mixture shall be as cesired, and the contre: aggregate ‘mixture shall be of the same pradation and ‘cementing medium content for which a master curve Was previously established. An alternative method of control may. be the use of the aggregate gradation in 8.1.2 forall control specimens where bituminous mixtures are being evaluated, Norr $11 isnot ecommended tat poland cement concrete and puomunous concet Specimens be ino in the same run’ of the 8.1.4 Compare the terminal hour exposure friction value for the average of the two contro} specimens from every. fourth run to the previously established master curve. If the difference is greater than =3 whole number, friction data ‘obtained during the last four runs may be =spect F 9. Test Specimens 2 9.1. Biuminows Laboratory Specimens—Use a minimum of three individual specimens to evaluate each aggregate of” 646 each pavement mixture design. Three rounds of three are recommended. ‘9.1.1 Prepare bituminous specimens using the aggregate sradation and asphalt cemest content desired S.L-Lal Mix preheated aggregates and asphalt using a ‘mechanical laboratory mixer. 9.1.12 Preheat the mold assembly (5.5.1) to mixing temperature and place a filter paper in the bottom of the mold. 9.1.1.3 Distribute the misture in the mold using a spatula, rodding around the mold sides and rodding and leveling the furface: Place filter paper over the mixture ‘21.14 Place the compaction plunger in the mold and compact the specimen in a compression machine t@ 3000 psi (20.68 MPa) holding the load for 2 min. Nort 6-At pressures in excess of 3000 psi (2068, MPa) some aggregate paces may be crshe,sesuling in posible bias of he ts 9.1.1.5 Remove the plunget, cool the mold and specimen to rooin temperature, and extract the specimen from the mold using a hydraulic press, 9.1.1.6, Mark the bottom surface as compacted as the test surface, and store the specimen prior (o use on a flat surface. ‘91.2 Portland Cement Concrete Specimens 9.1.2.1 Mold ponland cement conerete specimens in the molds deseribed in 5.6.2 in accordance with Practice C 192, except that texture shall be imparied to the top surface using the desired texturing medium when the surface is suficiently slffened to retain the texture 9.1.22 Remove the molds and disfnond.saw individual trapezoidal specimens from the slab between 24 to 48 h efter molding 9.1.2.5 Continue curing to 28 days in accordance with Practice C 192 oF until lime of test, whichever is sooner” 9.2 Field Specimens: : 19.2.1 Obtain field specimens: by coring with (1Sa-mm) inside diameter diamond bit in a process using ‘water lubrication ‘9.2.2 Identify field cores, and store top surface down on a fat surface for transportation to the laboratory 9.2 Reduce field specimens to approximately 1.5-in (38-mm) thickness by wet diamond-sawing. 9.23.1'Lap the sawed face to remove major surfece irregularities that would interfere with the mounting of the "2.4 Store prepared field cores top surface down on a Nat su-face priot to mounting and testing. 93, Remolded Bituminous Specimens (Note 7): 93.1 Heat cores to be remolded io, the oven. at mixing temperature nil soft a ‘3.2 Separate'the surface mixtuse fiom other layers of " pavement using a sfatula, Discard underlying layers. 9g Scrape away and discard the worn surface and the coreMril cut or saved surface, ‘9.3.4 Bring the remaining material to mining tempera- ture, mix mechanically, and mold into a specimen following the procedure in 9.1.1 through 9.1.1.5 (Note 8). Note 1 ti desired o etimate the orignal fFiton value of 3 bituminow, mixture subjected to wearin the eld tis is aecomplshed By remolding eld cores afer they have een ramon the cicuar rack 0 terminal pachi @h E660 Dore Bf there is insufcent materi for a Si, (3mm) tick specimen, two oF more like cores may te combined. or Ducking ‘mixture of bituminous concrete maybe placed on top of the remaldes mise in he step described in 9.13 2 9.4 Exposed Aggregate Specimens: 9.4.1 Prepare 6 by I.fin, (1824 by 45.7-mm) circular steel mold by painting bottom with retarder. 9.4.2 Hand:place aggregate particles (passing Yin. (12.7- mm) sieve and retained on Yin, (9.S-mm) sieve) with flat surface down for smooth surface and maximum aggregate exposure, 9.4.3 Carefully place cement grout over aggregate, vi- brating as necessary. ; 9.44 Remove the specimens from the mold after 24-h cure under wet burlap. si 9.4.5 Scrub mortar from surface of aggregate with a stel brush. exposing aggregate 1 be tested 9.4.6 Cure specimens as required to develop strength prior to testing [Nore ¥--This test mesures only the polishing eects om aescate imicrotesture, However. goed colton with field tes ef seus! ‘mixture has been obtained in tests conc by the inois Department of Tantportation. 10. Specimen Mounting . 10.1 Locate the specimens in the twelve circular track positions by use of random techniques. 10.1.1. Mount the cored specimens, if slightly unde-sized, touching the edge of the cicular opening down, trafic from the direction of travel ofthe wheel assembl y 10.2 Epoxy specimens to the mounting plates or hold i place with a clamping ring 5 10.2.1 Cure epoxy in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. . 10.3 Adjust the specirnens to be level and flush with the surface of the track using the three adjusting bots so thatthe ‘wheel assembly will travel without bumping 11, Test Procedure for Bityminous Bound or Exposed Ag- sregate Specimens 11.1 Measure initial friction of mounted specimens. Nore 10—if agregate only it to be evaluated ins bituminoue itu, sing the aparegate gradation piven in 812 sree of et and consol specimens shal be cleaned of septal by through snd eteol ‘ping of surface with rags snd solemn before ini retion values re rested 11.2 Lower the wheet assembly tothe track. 11.2.1 Adjust the tre aie pressure t0 20 psi (138 kPa), 11.2.2 Measure the temperature near the surface of track. 11.2.3 Set the revolution counter for the -number of revolutions desired * 11.3 Set the wheel assembly in motion at 30 ¢/min, 114 Stop the wheel assembly for fiction measurements at! and 2h of machine time and at -h intervals thereafter Until terminal exposure has been attained. Nore 11—Normal termina polish is ahieved after proximately & Inof exposure: Interim readings mabe eliminated deemed vnneces 114.1 At each time interval, remove the track segments ‘nd measure the friction values for each specimén. 11.4.2 Monitor the tire pressure at 20 psi (138 KPa). oer {1.4.3 Monitor the air temperature near the surface of track. 11.44 Monitor the adjustment of specimens. 11.4.5 Monitor the condition of individual specimens for wear and raveling. 11.4.5.1 If @ specimen is too worn or raveled 10 be ‘measured for friction, discontinue measurement of that specimen and replace with a dummy plate for the remainder ofthe test exposure, Nore 12—Ifravling of bituminous nbratoy specimens Secomes 2 problem, adjstmens in asphalt content, subsiuion of a harder asphalt. more compaction or aging, o¢ both, of specimens before ttn may be elective in eliminating the probe 11.46 Replace the track segments in machine. 11.4.7 Lower the wheels to the track surface. 11.458 Preset the revolution counter for the next test increment, 11.49 Set the wheel assembly in motion for next test increment, 2. Test Procedures for Portland-Cement Bound Specimens 12.1 Ivis recommended that a $0-p (22.69-ke) weight be added to each wheel apron for the test exposure for portland: ‘cement bound specimens 12.2 Follow procedure for bituminous bound specimens in Section 11 to obtain the as-built polishing curve. 123 If the polishing curve for textureles, exposed, coarse aggregate concrete is desired, remove the texture using the studded wheel-abrading wheels in 5.3, 12.3.1 Replace two adjacent pneumatic tie-track wheels with two studded steel-abrading wheels. Remove the apron weights from these two wheels. Insall the bristle brush to sweep the track surface (Fig. 2). 12.3.2 Expose the specimen to abrading action until texture is removed and coarse aggregate is exposed, Nore 13—For most posland cement sonetete, 1S h of sbrading exposure i suet 124 Repeat the procedure in 12.1 and 12.3 to establish the polishing curve for exposed aggregate surface. 13. Report 13.1 The report shall include the following information as is appropriate to the needs of the user 13.11 Full identification of specimens including aggre gate source, gradation, and mixture design, 13.1.2 Field location. if cores. including lane and whee! path, contract ‘dentiication, age, and trafic history, if available, 13.1.3 Friction values ot start of test, for each time increment for individual test specimens. and for control specimens: and the average friction values for each set of test and control specimens, + 13.14 Correction factors for frietion values for average of the control specimens at terminal polish as determined by comparison to the master conteol curve. 13.1.5 Corrected average fiction values for each set of test * specimens, 13.1.6 Remarks about wear or raveling of specimens. if any, during progress of tes. 13.7 Test temperature, andGh E660 13.1.8 Dates of testing ‘Method £ 303 us the measurement method to determine the NEN ot low macrotexture portland cement concrete and priominous concrete surfaces is found to be 22.8 % (1S) air ncefined in Practice E 177, over the BPN range of 40 se ervnon of sccie measurements underaken at 10 70 numbers measur het © of exposure on the ae tejce ve ince in referenced standaréssmalt-wheel cult Tory Moulti-operator, multi-batch pre- {Section 2) for those measurements Bun under the same conditions was found to be 5.13 % a peste operator mulicatch precision wsing Test (18%) max 14, Precision and Bias Irae sy ta is et rm petra ay i itm dee marrage euch nt ene aro pony lec! caring Corte on Sands 1076 Race St, Pace, PAT 648