Engine Cooling System – Coolant Pump

 The cooling system of a water-cooled engine

consists of: the engine’s water jacket, a
thermostat, a water pump, a radiator, a cooling
fan (electric or belt-driven), hoses, the heater
core, coolant, and usually an expansion
(overflow) tank.

"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 1
 Engine Cooling System – Coolant Pump

 The word pump is a general term for any fluid machine that
adds energy to a fluid.

 The purpose of a pump is to increase the fluid pressure, not

necessary an increase of fluid speed across the pump.

 Fluid machines that move liquids are called pumps, but there
are several other names for machines that move gases.

- A fan is a gas pump with relatively low pressure rise and

high flow rate.

"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 2
 Engine Coolant Pump
- A blower is a gas pump with relatively moderate pressure rise
and moderate to high flow rate.

- A compressor is a gas pump designed to deliver a very high

pressure rise, typically at low to moderate flow rates.

 The volume flow rate of fluid through the pump is an obvious

primary pump performance parameter.

 The performance of a pump is characterized additionally by its

“net head” H, defined as the change in Bernoulli head between
the inlet and outlet of the pump,

P V2 P V2
H(   z ) out  (   z )in
ρg 2g ρg 2g

"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 3
 Engine Coolant Pump
 For the case in which a liquid is being pumped, the Bernoulli
head at the inlet/outlet is equivalent to the energy grade line
at the inlet/outlet, obtained by aligning a Pitot probe in the
center of the flow as illustrated in the figure.
 Net head is proportional to the useful
power actually delivered to the fluid.

 It is traditional to call this power the

water horsepower, even if the fluid
being pumped is not water, and even if
the power is not measured in units of
horsepower.

Wwater _ horsepower  mgH   gVH

"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 4
 Engine Coolant Pump
 All pumps suffer from irreversible losses due to friction,
internal leakage, flow separation on blade surface, etc.

 The mechanical energy supplied to the pump must be larger

than water horsepower.

 In pump terminology, the external power supplied to the pump

is called the brake horsepower, bhp.

 For a typical case of a rotating shaft

supplying the brake horsepower,

bhp =Wshaft = wTshaft

Where w is the rotational speed of the
shaft (rad/s) and T is torque supplied to
the shaft.
"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 5
 Engine Coolant Pump
 The pump efficiency is defined as the ratio of useful power
to supplied power,
Wwater _ horsepower  gVH
 pump  
Wshaft Tshaft
 Curves of H, efficiency, and bhp as function of volume flow
rate are called pump performance curves or characteristic
curves.
 The pump performance curves
change with rotational speed.

 It is important to realize that

for steady conditions, a pump
can operate only along its
performance curve.
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be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 6
 Engine Coolant Pump
 Operating Point: That condition at which the flow rate
and pressure rise provided by the pump is equal to the flow
rate and pressure rise required by the system.

System Curve or Demand

Curve:
 The possible combinations of
flow rates and pressure rise
required by a system are
illustrated with this curve.
 It tends upward as the flow
rate increases, because the
frictional losses increase as
the flow rate through the
system is increased.
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be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 7
 Engine Coolant Pump
Pump Performance Curve
or Supply Curve:
 Illustrates the possible flow
rate and pressure rise
combinations that a given
pump at a single rpm can
supply.

 Will tend downward as the

flow rate increases, because
the flow rate will increase as
the restriction across the
pump is decreased for a
constant input in energy.

"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 8
 Engine Coolant Pump
 The energy imparted to the coolant by the pump, the pressure
head, is consumed as the coolant overcomes the restriction of
the system, the water jackets in the block and cylinder head,
the thermostat, radiator, heater core, hoses and fittings.
 Automotive water
pumps must operate
under a wide range
of conditions.
Running the pump
at different speeds
while varying the
restriction
produces a family
of curves for
pressure vs. flow
rate.
"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 9
 Engine Coolant Pump
 For any pump speed, curves have the same shape but different
magnitudes.

 Adding the system resistance to the graph with the family of

curves provides the flow rates for the range of pump speeds.

 System resistance increases

- with cooler coolant (for its higher viscosity),
- for the closed and partially open thermostat conditions,
- with age, due to accumulation of deposits in the radiator
tubes and heater core,
- and at higher flow rates as the resistance to flow becomes
increasingly higher as the flow becomes turbulent. In the
graph above, note how the resistance curve is not linear but
increases with flow rate.

"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 10
 Engine Coolant Pump
 Increasing pump speed results in increased flow rate and
pressure head. The increasing pressure head however consists
of increasing positive pressure at the discharge and decreasing
inlet pressure at the suction.

 Decreasing inlet pressure can result in catastrophic damage to

the pump from boiling and cavitations.

"The lecture presentations and slides are provided for educational purposes in this course. No part of them should
be shared outside of the Blackboard Learn-University of Windsor platform." Slide # 11