Jade Noel T.

Behec Section: Arellano

1. What is the last farewell sermon of the prophet?

The final sermon of prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) which is
the Khuṭbatu l-Widā, have been delivered by the Islamic prophet Muhammad on Friday the
9th of Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH (6 March 632) in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, during
the Islamic pilgrimage of Hajj.

2. What Shari’ah ruling can we take from it?

In accordance with the article, THE FAREWELL ADDRESS OF PROPHET

MUHAMMAD: A UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, written by:
:Yusuf Abdul Azeez and Abdullahi Saliu Ishola which was published on January 2019. The
last sermon of the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century reveals that the pronouncements
made therein passed the messages on conducts that cuts across various sectors of human
values and attitudinal characteristics. It is deemed acknowledged as a significant and valuable
human rights codes ever bequeathed to mankind, in the sense that the majority of issues on
human rights that are now universally celebrated and jealously guided, such as rights to life,
property, dignity, freedom from discrimination, rights of the women they are found to inure
to the advancement of human rights in the contemporary era. A study of human rights in
International law cannot be said to have been completed. Also, any modern study on the
historical foundation of human rights declaration will be missing a significant landmark
period without objective consideration and reference to this historic farewell address
considering it was declared by the prophet way before the proclamation of modern human
right that we enjoy today. Moreover,the sermon consists of a series of general exhortations
for Muslims to follow the teachings that prophet Muhammad had set forth in
the Quran and sunnah. Aforementioned are the justification of the sensibility of the last
farewell to be material in the foundation of the Shari’ah, provided, its primary sources are
the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

3. What are the classifications of Hadith according to the manner of their

transmission?

The classifications of Hadith according to the manner of their transmission are the
following:
1. Hadith Mutawtir(Recurrent/Continuous) which is divided into two:
a. Mutawitir Al-lafzi (Verbal Recurrent); and
b. Mutawitir al-ma’nawi or Mutawitir bil ma’na (Conceptual Recurrent);
2. Hadith Ahad (Solitary/Isolated) which is divided into:
a. Gharib (Strange);
b. ‘Azis;
3. Hadith Mashur (Well Known).
4. What are the classifications of Hadith according to level of reliability?

The classifications of Hadith according to level of reliability are the following:

1. Sahih (Authentic). Linguistically means healthy or sound;

2. Hassan. Literally means beautiful, nice or good; and
3. Da’if which means weak.

5. Enumerate the Six Books (Kutub Al-Sitta) authentic collections of Ahadith?

The six authentic collection of Ahadith are the following:

a. Sahih Bukhari compiled by Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismael al-Bukhari;

b. Sahih Muslim compiled by Muslim bin Hajjah of Nishapur;
c. Sunan Abu Daud by Abu Daud Solaiman;
d. Jami’ Al-Tirmidhi by Abu Isa Muhammad Al-Tirmidhi;
e. Sunan Al-Nasa’i by Abu AbdulRahman of Nasa’I in Khurasan; and
f. Sunan Ibn Majah by Muhammad Ibn yazeed al-Rab’i Al-Qazwayni.

6. Discuss briefly the contribution of each calih.

The following are the Caliph and their corresponding contribution:

a. Caliph Abu Bakr (RA) - Caliph Abu Bakr (RA) first established the penal colony
for the malefactors. Moreover his greatest contribution was the compilation of the
Qur’an in one book;
b. Caliph Umar (RA) – Initiated the following: Appointment of the first Qadi, Set up
a formal Batul Mal and introduced the hijra calendar, and appointed Salaried
Teachers;
c. Caliph Uthman (RA) – His greatest contribution is the standardization of the
Qur’an. Caliph Uthman (RA) during his caliphate organized the NAVY, revised
the administrative division of the state, and completed and expanded public
projects; and
d. Caliph Ali (RA)- Caliph Ali (RA) systematically defined the powers and
jurisdiction of Qadis.