1.

Santiago Alvarez also known as “General Apoy”, was a revolutionary general and founder of the
first directorate of the Nacionalista Party. He was born on July 25 th 1872 in Imus, Cavite.
(“Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan”) His name was mentioned several times in the given
example which indicates that his writing was a primary source; since he was present on the day
the event in Tejeros Convention took place. Also, his writing is written on his point of view
where his emotions were evident.
2. Teodoro Agoncillo is a Filipino Historian of the 20 th century. His account was written in the year
1947; indicating that his work is a secondary source since it was written years after the event
took place. Also, he was able to add details on his account relating the events to the present and
it is in a third person’s point of view.

Santiago Alvarez Teodoro Agoncillo

(Primary Source) (Secondary Source)
His account mentioned that it is General His account shows that it is Santiago
Apoy who withstand with Antonio Alvarez who reminded Antonio
Montenegro saying the lines “We of the Montenegro about the recognition of the
Katipunan…We are not bandits who rob government organized by the Association
others property and wealth”. of the Sons of the people.

An oath taking was held at the Tanza HIs account did not mention about the
Parish house in the absence of the oath taking that happened at Tanza Parish
Supremo on March 27, 1897 house.

It is stated that the Tejeros Convention for It is March 22, 1897 that the Tejeros
election happened on March 25, 1897 not convention took place just in time of
March 22, 1897. Aguinaldo’s birthday.

The Supremo along with the Magdiwang The account did not mention about the
leaders waited till 5 in the afternoon the second meeting initiated by the Magdalo
following day to continue the meeting president, Baldomero Aguinaldo.
happened last Marh 25, 1897 through the
invitation of Magdalo President Baldomero
Aguinaldo

Diego Mojica point out the anomalies on It is only a suspicion of Bonifacio that an
the ballots distributed by Tirona being anomaly was happening but no direct
already filled out not by themselves but person whom pointed it out.
the Supremo just ignored it.
 4. Form your internal and external criticisms over the two sources.

Internal

 Alvarez’ writing was detailed; there are dialogues between characters and dates of events
were clearly stated. Being the witness of the event is evident in his writing especially the
apparent emotions of Alvarez.
 Agoncillo’s writing is clear and well researched since he was able to expound in details
about what happened in the past. He was able to clearly convey the idea of the source.

External

 Alvarez was born before the event took place, his name was mentioned several times, his
account was made the same day the events happened and words used were simple; these
indicate that his account is valid and original.
 Agoncillo expounded the terms of Alvarez in order for the people to relate the past with
the present without changing the idea of his source e.g. the word “bandits” used by
Alvarez was changed to “rebels” which is known to Filipinos in the modern era.