LIBRARY MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEM

A library is a collection of sources, resources, and services, and the structure in which it is
housed; it is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private
individual. In the more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books. It can mean the
collection itself, the building or room that houses such a collection, or both. The term
"library" has itself acquired a secondary meaning: "a collection of useful material for
common use." This sense is used in fields such as computer science, mathematics, statistics,
electronics and biology.

Today's libraries are repositories and access points for print, audio, and visual materials in
numerous formats, including maps, prints, documents, microform (microfilm/microfiche),
audio tapes, cds, cassettes, videotapes, dvds, video games, e-books, e-audiobooks and many
other electronic resources. Libraries often provide public facilities to access to their
electronic resources and the Internet.

Thus, modern libraries are increasingly being redefined as places to get unrestricted access
to information in many formats and from many sources. They are extending services beyond
the physical walls of a building, by providing material accessible by electronic means, and
by providing the assistance of librarians in navigating and analyzing tremendous amounts of
information with a variety of digital tools.
TYPES

Libraries can be divided into categories by several methods:

By the entity (institution, municipality, or corporate body) that supports or

perpetuates them

 academic libraries

 corporate libraries

 government libraries, such as national libraries

 historical society libraries

 private libraries

 public libraries

 school libraries

 special libraries
By the type of documents or materials they hold

 data libraries

 digital libraries

 map libraries or collections

 picture (photograph) libraries

 slide libraries

 tool libraries
By the subject matter of documents they hold

 architecture libraries

 fine arts libraries

 law libraries

 medical libraries

 aquatic science libraries

 theological libraries
By the users they serve

 military communities

 users who are blind or visually/physically handicapped (see National Library Service
for the Blind and Physically Handicapped)
By traditional professional divisions

School library.

 Academic libraries — These libraries are located on the campuses of colleges and
universities and serve primarily the students and faculty of that and other academic
institutions. Some academic libraries, especially those at public institutions, are
accessible to members of the general public in whole or in part.

 Public libraries or public lending libraries — These libraries provide service to the
general public and make at least some of their books available for borrowing, so that
readers may use them at home over a period of days or weeks. Typically, libraries
issue library cards to community members wishing to borrow books. Many public
libraries also serve as community organizations that provide free services and events
to the public, such as reading groups and toddler story time.

 Research libraries — These libraries are intended for supporting scholarly research,
and therefore maintain permanent collections and attempt to provide access to all
necessary material. Research libraries are most often academic libraries or national
libraries, but many large special libraries have research libraries within their special
field and a very few of the largest public libraries also serve as research libraries.

 School libraries — Most public and private primary and secondary schools have
libraries designed to support the school's curriculum.

 Special libraries — All other libraries fall into this category. Many private businesses
and public organizations, including hospitals, museums, research laboratories, law
firms, and many government departments and agencies, maintain their own libraries
for the use of their employees in doing specialized research related to their work.
 Special libraries may or may not be accessible to some identified part of the general
public. Branches of a large academic or research libraries dealing with particular
subjects are also usually called "special libraries": they are generally associated with
one or more academic departments. Special libraries are distinguished from special
collections, which are branches or parts of a library intended for rare books,
manuscripts, and similar material.

Many institutions make a distinction between circulating libraries (where materials are
expected and intended to be loaned to patrons, institutions, or other libraries) and collecting
libraries (where the materials are selected on a basis of their natures or subject matter).
Many modern libraries are a mixture of both, as they contain a general collection for
circulation, and a reference collection which is often more specialized, as well as restricted
to the library premises.

PUBLIC LIBRARIES

A small branch library in the Seacroftarea of Leeds in England.

The earliest example in England of a library to be endowed for the benefit of users who were
not members of an institution such as a cathedral or college was the Francis Trigge Chained
Library in Grantham, Lincolnshire, established in 1598. The library still exists and can
justifiably claim to be the forerunner of later public library systems. The beginning of the
modern, free, open access libraries really got its start in the U.K. in 1847. Parliament
appointed a committee, led by William Ewart, on Public Libraries to consider the necessity
of establishing libraries through the nation: In 1849 their report noted the poor condition of
library service, it recommended the establishment of free public libraries all over the
country, and it led to the Public Libraries Act in 1850, which allowed all cities with
populations exceeding 10,000 to levy taxes for the support of public libraries. Another
important act was the 1870 Public School Law, which increased literacy, thereby the
demand for libraries, so by 1877, more than 75 cities had established free libraries, and by
1900 the number had reached 300. This finally marks the start of the public library as we
know it. And these acts led to similar laws in other countries, most notably the U.S.

ORGANIZATION

Libraries usually contain long aisles with rows of books.

Libraries have materials arranged in a specified order according to a library

classification system, so that items may be located quickly and collections may be browsed
efficiently. Some libraries have additional galleries beyond the public ones, where reference
materials are stored. These reference stacks may be open to selected members of the public.
Others require patrons to submit a "stack request," which is a request for an assistant to
retrieve the material from the closed stacks. A list of closed stack libraries is being
aggregated on wikipedia.

Larger libraries are often broken down into departments staffed by both paraprofessionals
and professional librarians.

 Circulation (or Access Services) - Handles user accounts and the loaning/returning
and shelving of materials.

 Collection Development - Orders materials and maintains materials budgets.

 Reference - Staffs a reference desk answering user questions (using

structured reference interviews), instructing users, and developing library programming.
Reference may be further broken down by user groups or materials; common collections
are children's literature, young adult literature, and genealogy materials.

 Technical Services - Works behind the scenes cataloging and processing new
materials and deaccessioning weeded materials.

 Stacks Maintenance - Re-shelves materials that have been returned to the library
after patron use and shelves materials that have been processed by Technical Services.
 Stacks Maintenance also shelf reads the material in the stacks to ensure that it is in the
correct library classification order.

MANAGEMENT
Basic tasks in library management include the planning of acquisitions (which materials the
library should acquire, by purchase or otherwise), library classification of acquired
materials, preservation of materials (especially rare and fragile archival materials such as
manuscripts), the deaccessioning of materials, patron borrowing of materials, and
developing and administering library computer systems. More long-term issues include the
planning of the construction of new libraries or extensions to existing ones, and the
development and implementation of outreach services and reading-enhancement services
(such as adult literacy and children's programming).
[edit]Standardization

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has published several standards
regarding the management of libraries through its Technical Committee 46 (TC46), [29] which
is focused on "libraries, documentation and information centers, publishing, archives,
records management, museum documentation, indexing and abstracting services, and
information science". The following is a partial list of some of them:[30]

 ISO 2789:2006 Information and documentation — International library statistics

 ISO 11620:1998 Information and documentation — Library performance indicators

 ISO 11799:2003 Information and documentation — Document storage requirements

for archive and library materials

 ISO 14416:2003 Information and documentation — Requirements for binding of

books, periodicals, serials and other paper documents for archive and library use —
Methods and materials

 ISO/TR 20983:2003 Information and documentation — Performance indicators for

electronic library services
LIBRARY USE
The Vietnam Center and Archive, which contains the largest collection of Vietnam War-
related holdings outside the U.S. federal government, catalogs much of its material on the
Internet.

Patrons may not know how to fully use the library's resources. This can be due to some
individuals' unease in approaching a staff member. Ways in which a library's content is
displayed or accessed may have the most impact on use. An antiquated or clumsy search
system, or staff unwilling or untrained to engage their patrons, will limit a library's
usefulness. In United States public libraries, beginning in the 19th century, these problems
drove the emergence of the library instruction movement, which advocated library user
education. One of the early leaders was John Cotton Dana. The basic form of library
instruction is generally known as information literacy.

Libraries inform their users of what materials are available in their collections and how to
access that information. Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the
card catalog — a cabinet containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified
books and other materials. In a large library, the card catalog often filled a large room. The
emergence of the Internet, however, has led to the adoption of electronic catalog databases
(often referred to as "webcats" or as online public access catalogs, OPACs), which allow
users to search the library's holdings from any location with Internet access. This style of
catalog maintenance is compatible with new types of libraries, such as digital
libraries and distributed libraries, as well as older libraries that have been retrofitted.
Electronic catalog databases are criticized by some who believe that the old card catalog
system was both easier to navigate and allowed retention of information, by writing directly
on the cards, that is lost in the electronic systems. This argument is analogous to the debate
over paper books and e-books. While libraries have been accused of precipitously throwing
out valuable information in card catalogs, most modern ones have nonetheless made the
move to electronic catalog databases. Large libraries may be scattered within multiple
buildings across a town, each having multiple floors, with multiple rooms housing the
resources across a series of shelves. Once a user has located a resource within the catalog,
they must then use navigational guidance to retrieve the resource physically; a process that
may be assisted through signage, maps, GPS systems or RFID tagging.
Shift to digital libraries

In the past couple of years, more and more people are using the Internet to gather and
retrieve data. The shift to digital libraries has greatly impacted the average person's use of
physical libraries. Between 2002 and 2004, the average American academic library saw its
overall number of transactions decline approximately 2.2%.[33]Libraries are trying to keep up
with the digital world and the new generation of students that are used to having information
just one click away. For example, The University of California Library System saw a 54%
decline in circulation between 1991 to 2001 of 8,377,000 books to 3,832,000.[34]

These facts might be a consequence of the increased availability of e-resources. In 1999-

2000, 105 ARL university libraries spent almost $100 million on electronic resources, which
is an increase of nearly $23 million from the previous year. [35] A 2003 report by the Open E-
book Forum found that close to a million e-books had been sold in 2002, generating nearly
$8 million in revenue.[36] Another example of the shift to digital libraries can be seen in
Cushing Academy’s decision to dispense with its library of printed books — more than
20,000 volumes in all — and switch over entirely to digital media resources.[37]

One claim to why there is a decrease in the usage of libraries stems from the observation of
the research habits of undergraduate students enrolled in colleges and universities. There
have been claims that college undergraduates have become more used to retrieving
information from the Internet than a traditional library. As each generation becomes more in
tune with the Internet, their desire to retrieve information as quickly and easily as possible
has increased. There is no doubt that finding information by simply searching the Internet is
much easier and faster than reading an entire book. In a survey conducted by NetLibrary,
93% of undergraduate students claimed that finding information online makes more sense to
them than going to the library. Also, 75% of students surveyed claimed that they did not
have enough time to go to the library and that they liked the convenience of the Internet.
While the retrieving information from the Internet may be efficient and time saving than
visiting a traditional library, research has shown that undergraduates are most likely
searching only .03% of the entire web.[38] The information that they are finding might be
easy to retrieve and more readily available, but may not be as in depth as information from
other resources such as the books available at a physical library.
WORKING OF LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The working of library management system as follows:

ACCISSIONING OF BOOKS

CLASSIFICATION OF
BOOKS

CATALOGUE CARDS

ACCESSIONING

An accession number is a sequential number given to each new book, magazine

subscription, or recording as it is entered in the catalog of a library. If an item is removed
from the collection, its number is usually not reused for new items. This numbering system
is usually in addition to the library classification number (or alphanumeric code)
SAMPLE ACCESSION FORM
Date Received Accession No.
           
Title
     
Creator
     
Donor Name/Address
     

Restrictions Location Total Size

                 

General Description and Condition of Material

     

Specific Description of Material:

Type Amount Type Amount
Audio Recordings __________ Photographs __________
Bound Volumes __________ Microfilm __________
Storage Boxes __________ Movie Film __________
Newspapers __________ Scrapbooks __________
Maps __________

Other ______________________________
Arrangement of Material:
Alphabetic Chronologic Numeric
Topical (Subject) Not Arranged Other _______________
Approximate Inclusive Dates Accessioned By Date
                 
Additional Comments
     

CLASSIFICATION

A library classification is a system of coding and organizing library materials (books, serials,
audiovisual materials, computer files) according to their subject and allocating a call number
to that information resource. Books are place on library shelves according to a classification
scheme. A basic familiarity with those systems is vital for the student so they can find
materials efficiently within the collection

CATALOGUES
A library catalog (or library catalogue) is a register of all bibliographic items found in a library
or group of libraries, such as a network of libraries at several locations.

MAINTENANCE AND ARCHIVES

An archive is a collection of historical records, as well as the place they are located. Archives
contain primary source documents that have accumulated over the course of an individual or
organization's lifetime.

Labeling, pasting, binding of books can be done in the maintenance and archives department.
Old newspapers and magazines are kept there.

ENTRY AND EXIT

A Proper record is maintained by doing entry in the register. It contains the following
information:-
1. Name of the person
2. Class of the person
3. Time of entry
4. Time of exit.
5. Signature of the person.

FINE

If students return the book(s) after the due date then RS. 2 per day will be charged from the
student.

LOSS OF THE BOOK

A person who lost the book shall give

Same edition book
OR
Cost of book + 25% extra charges

TIME RULES AND REGULATIONS

As college get closed at 5:00 p.m so return and issue of books can be done only upto 4:30 p.m.

NEWSPAPERS , MAGAZINES AND JOURNALS

Teachers and students can read newspapers, magazines and journals only in the library. But if
they want it for home then they can issue them only for the weekends (i.e. Saturday and Sunday)
and they have to return them on Monday.

LIBRARY INSTRUCTIONS

1. Switch off the Mobile phones in the library premises.

2. Place your personal belongings at the property counter.

3. A mutilation of a book is strictly forbidden. Any reader/user found doing this will be
suspended forthwith and strict action will be taken against him or her by the authorities.

4. Please check the book before borrowing, if it is torn or damaged this should be brought to
the notice of library staff at the counter, otherwise borrower is responsible.

5. The reference material: journals/magazines etc. are not allowed to be taken outside the
library.

6. Eatables/drinks are not allowed inside the library.