SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

DEFINITION OF SOCIAL SCIENCE:

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE AND SOCIETY
Module 2: ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY

DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE

SOCIAL SCIENCES
ROXANNE E. FERNANDO
 MODULE 2 | WEEK 2: SEPTEMBER 1- 5, 2020
ANTHROPOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY

1. Explain the major events and its contribution that led to the emergence of the social science
disciplines
 Anthropology and Sociology

OBJECTIVES
1. I can explain the emergence of the different disciplines of social science thru the different
phenomena in the society.
2. I can trace the major events in historical foundations and contribution that led to the emergence of
the social science disciplines based on its application.

Understanding culture and society: Anthropology and Sociology

MATERIALS

Device News paper

Schoology Account Writing materials

In this module, partner parent is expected to do following:

 Check if the student has started and finished answering the module.
 Participate in the student’s work if necessary and possible.
 Contact the subject teacher if needed for any clarification.

Thank you and God bless!

- The Teacher

Before proceeding to your module, kindly do the following

 Inhale the positive vibes around you and exhale the negative one
 Tell to yourself “I can do this because, Everyday may not be good, BUT
There is SOMETHING GOOD in Every day.”
 1 2 3
Reading Time, Try This
Do Some Ethnography Checklist Observed It and
(15 minutes) (5 minutes) Generalization
(120 minutes)
4 5 6
Activities 3 & 4 Answer Me Article Analysis
( 60 minutes) (10 minutes) (30 minutes)

Let us start our journey by asking the guidance of the Holy Spirit through the prayer before class.
Remember that we are in the presence of the Lord Almighty.

PRAYER

() In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. Amen

Lord, we offer to you our class today.

We pray that through your Divine Guidance,
to help us in our work today give us concentration
so that may we listen, understand, learn how to listen
attentively
to the inputs of our teacher and have a peaceful mind.
May we appreciate his/her effort in imparting his/her
knowledge to us.
May we always remember that Jesus Christ is always with
us. AMEN

INTRODUCTION
In succeeding lessons, we shall be able to compare and contrast the various Social Science
disciplines, and their respective fields, main areas of inquiry and methods. Starting with the study of
Anthropology, Sociology, Economics, and Political Science.
Culture is inseparable from society. Culture shapes society into its present form. Society, in
turn, influences certain cultural practices. Understanding these requires looking into aspects of
society and culture.
DO SOME ETHNOGRAPHY
Recall the time that you attended barangay fiesta. Did you observe the food culture? Now try to
answer the following questions.

PROCESSING QUESTIONS:

1. How is fiesta food defined by the people?

2. What preparations were made in order to come up with various special dishes?

3. Who were involved in the preparation? For whom are these foods set?

4. How have your senses informed your understanding and interpretation of the fiesta through food?

5. Describe how individual interact to each other during fiesta. How they influenced each other?
CHECKLIST

Based on your answer in the activity above (Do Some Ethnography) define anthropology and sociology
by checking the box before the sentence.

It deals with human population in the society as a unit of analysis.

Explain the nature of human beings, both from biological and cultural point of view.

Consider as a scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.

It studies how people behave and interact with one another as a member of a particular social group.

It is a holistic study of human beings and their culture.

These discipline attempts to understand the mysteries of human nature, which include why people
think, feel, and act as they do.

These discipline deals with the ways in which social structures and institutions influence society.

It is the way for us to understand ourselves and make sense of the world.

Consider as the discipline that attempts to understand what all people share in common as well as the
full range of human diversity.

Anthropology: The Science of Culture

People’s lives, habits, practices, and daily routines vary from place to place, and even from
individual to individual. For example, in the Philippines, if we are late in school or work, we may be
sanctioned and such behavior is dismissed as “Filipino Time”. On other hand, in many Asian
countries, particularly Japan, tardiness is considered rude and disrespectful. We live in a complex,
diverse world, with countless social and ethnic groups accounting for a myriad of systems of ideas,
norms, values, attitudes, and beliefs, all acquired through various means of education and
instruction. These things comprise culture and are the focus of the science of anthropology.

READING TIME:
Read your book on pages 14-16 and answer the activities on page 17 (What I learned So Far and
Reflect Upon). Your answer will be posted in your “schoology account”.
Anthropology Defined:

Personalities Definition
Edward Burnett Tylor – Father of cultural  culture is that complex whole which includes
anthropology knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs, and
any other capabilities and habits acquired by man
as a member of society
Lewis Henry Morgan  embraced the social Darwinist approach that
pervaded in the academe.
3 stages of societal development
1.saverge societies as those chiefly utilizing crude
technology like fire, bow, and pottery
2. barbaric societies are defined by the practice of
metallurgy, domestication of animals, and
agriculture
3. civilized societies which are characterized by
development and a system of writing

Franz Boas – Father of American Anthropology
 he argued that genetic differences between
societies could not explain differences in culture,
and that these cultural differences were due to
factors such as historical events and migration
rather than genetic or physiological superiority or
inferiority.

Anthropology Through the Years

Herodotus
writing the conflict s between the Greeks and
the Persian Empire that remarked that
Greece was the dominant culture of the West
, while Persia was the dominant culture of
the East

Age of Discovery Hugo Grotius

interactions between Europeans and create a general theory
peoples in newly discovered lands that of law that would
led to the desire to study human regulate wat and
culture minimize bloodshed
Franz Boas
Sir Edward Lewis
Burnett Tylor culture is not a by Thomas Hobbes John Locke
Henry
product of a human
defined Morgan he postulated that believed that
group's physical
anthropology as the Social characterisitcs but of human beings' natural peace, not
science of culture Darwinism social learning state is one in which war is
individuals are at war humanitys'
with themsellves and natural state,
with each other and that people
self-interest is the are social in
principal driving force nature
behind human activity
 TRY THIS!
Write a headline that will shows the human activities in the present time that depict the ideas of
Fields of Anthropology
Anthropology align with its definition.
FIELDS
Biological Anthropology
Archeology
Anthropological Linguistics
Cultural Anthropology
Observed It!!!
Give at least 5 (5) examples of the sub disciplines of Anthropology in our life. Explain each example
base on its uses.
FIELDS
Biological Anthropology
Archeology
Anthropological Linguistics
Cultural Anthropology
FOCUS/SPECIALIZATION
 also referred as “Physical Anthropology”
 relates directly to biological sciences as it seeks to know the
origins of human beings as a species and the evolution of their
bodies in their present form
 it aim to reconstruct our identity and analyze our uniqueness
relative to other species in the animal kingdom
Example: children will inherit certain genes to counsel families
about some medical conditions. 
-
 study of human activity through recovery and analysis of
physical remains such as fossils and ruins to contribute to
existing knowledge on human prehistory and evolution
Example: examining mummies in tombs
 deals with the underlying principles concerning the formation
and evolution of language and how language affects culture and
how culture affects the dynamism of language
Example: when a person is speaking a sentence in English but
completes his or her thought in Tagalog and the listener
understands and continues the conversation in a similar
way.
 it concerns the study of past and present cultures
Example: the way people interact, the way they make their living
and the beliefs that they have
EXAMPLES
-
Methods Employed

Read your book on pages 21-22 then fill in the table with correct information.

METHODS TO BE USE FOCUS OF STUDY

Ethnography
Informant interview
Participant Observation method

Sociology: The Science of Society

Society is defined as a group of people who exist in accordance with certain social structures
and in the process, create and maintain these structures for themselves.
Examples: family, education system

Sociology Defined:

Personalities Definition
Max Weber Defines sociology as the science which attempts the interpretive
understanding of social actions
4 types of social actions
1. Zweckrational action – act done in order to achieve a distinct
goal
2. wertrational action – act done which is motivated by the idea
of value
3. affective action – act done as an emotional response
4. traditional action – act done I order to follow traditions and
customs

Pitirim Sorokin Sociology is a study of the relationship and correlations between

various classes of social phenomena, the relationship between
social and non-social aspects of life and the general
characteristics common to all classes of social phenomena.

Emile Durkheim Defined sociology as the science of social institutions

Morris Ginsberg Defined the discipline as the study of human interactions and
interrelations, their conditions and consequences.

Auguste Comte Aimed to make the structural components of the society,

comprehensible through systematic empirical observation and
classification.
Law of Three Stages
1. Theological stage – places God or the supernatural as the
cause of all things in the universe.
2. Metaphysical stage – replaced the supernatural concepts with
abstract principles. It asserts that abstract
 concepts and ideas are the causes of things
in the universe.
3. Positive stage – described as the height of man’s thinking, as
it relies on scientific method, observation and
experimentation to determine the causes of
things

Herbert Spencer He said that like organisms, society grows and develops in a
gradual process and passes through stages of complexity.

Lester F. Ward He theorized that a society’s progress could be controlled and

cannot be simply driven by deterministic forces like evolution
and science is not a study that should be disjointed from society,
but an inquiry that focuses on how humans could progress.

Karl Marx The truth about society is not found in abstract ideas or
principles but is found instead in the observable and knowable
world

From these definitions, one can deduce that sociology is an inquiry of the human condition-
how an individual lives and interacts with society and how that relationship transcends individual
perspectives. Society including the groups where we belong and the community where we live in is a
part and parcel of what defines us.

TRY THIS!
Search/read a news article that will show human interactions that depict changes in the
society. Explain your chosen article based on the definition of Sociology.

Sociology Through the Years:

READING TIME:
Read your book on pages 83-84 and answer the activities on page 17 (What I learned So Far).
Your answer will be posted in your “schoology account”.
 Auguste Comte Herbert Spencer
introduced the word sociology a science of society would lead to an
improve understanding of how
19th Century society works

Frederic Le Play Alexis de Tocqueville

social aspects of the working
Ferdinand Tonnies
insightful explanation of social problems in West is
classes in continental Europe
the social structures and caused by its transition
institutions from communal status
based to ma more self-
centered society

Elements of
Sociology
1890

Emile Durkheim Max Weber

Rene Worms
sociology as the science Father of modern
Sociology and his founded the International
of social institutions Institute of Sociology
idea of Social Action
1895 1919
1893

Fields of Sociology

Human Ecology – studies society in relation with its environment, the problems encountered in urban
environments, the relationship between population density and environmental
quality, and the disruption of ecosystems due to human intervention.
Example: technologies was developed that causes different changes in the
environment thru intervention of individual and excessive use of it
cause pollution

Penology or penal science – studies how punishment is conducted on the offending members of the
society. It also inquires on the consequences of using punishment as a method to
curb social disorder and the investigation of its ethical and moral bases.
Example - if a child has done something in wrong then the child is given a right
direction and punishment too if needed

Sociology of work – it studied the conditions of workplaces, how stability and normalization within
society occurs as new types of work emerged and the concept of authority and
how it evolved.
Example: now because of pandemic on selling and work from home is a new type
of work
 Observe It!!!

Identify at least five (5) situations inside the school that shows the concepts of the fields of
Sociology. Explain each example base on its uses.

FIELDS EXAMPLES
Human Ecology -
Penology
Sociology of work

Methods Employed

METHOD DESCRIPTION
Case Study These involve analyzing a single case or example – for
instance, conducting research on a school or factory.
An ethnography can be considered a very in –depth
case study.
Longitudinal Study These involve collecting information from a sample of
people at certain intervals over a period of time.
Social Survey These use structured and standardized questionnaires
or data collection instruments to collect information
from large numbers of people.
Interviews A method of gathering information by asking
questions orally.

SUMMARY

 As social sciences, anthropology and sociology seek to systematically analyze culture and
society respectively.
 The study of culture and society go hand in hand as each provides other a meaningful context
of analysis.
 Anthropology develops as a discipline in response to the sociocultural shifts and issues that
transpired when people of various backgrounds came in contact with one another.
 Today, anthropology remains relevant as it attempts to address contemporary issues for the
general public.
 With the advent of new technology and media, the distance between societies and cultures
became smaller, however, interpersonal relationships considered as the foundations of society
that seemed to dissipate due to technologies.
GENERALIZATION
Look for an image/symbol that shows society and culture influencing people.

ACTIVITY 3:
Use the words below to construct a concept map showing the interconnection of Anthropology and
Sociology. Explain the concept map briefly.
1. Biological Anthropology 5. Heritage
2. Ethnography 6. Household
3. Urban Sociology 7. Social actions
4. Social Darwinism 8. Identity

Concept Map:

Brief Explanation:
ACTIVITY 4:
Choose a particular site in your home and for at least an hour, write down your observations of your
immediate surroundings. Evaluate what kind of culture your home has based on the interactions of
the members.

ANSWER ME!!!
How do a person’s culture and upbringing influence his/her views, prejudices, practices and
behavioral tendencies?

ARTICLE ANALYSIS
Write a 500 words essay about the article “Selfie phenomenon” at
https://whatcanyoudowithanthropology.wordpress.com/2014/10/22selfie-a-culture-obsessed-
withsocial-media. You may cite relevant examples to highlight or strengthen your arguments
regarding the difference of Anthropology and Sociology to natural science. Your argument will
evaluate based on accuracy of data and comprehensiveness
Criteria Exemplary Effective Minimal Unsatisfactory

 In depth  Content is  Content is  Content is not

and well adequately minimally organized
organized organized and organized  Length
content comprehensive  Length requirement is
Content of  Meets length  Length requirement is not met; poor
Review requirement with requirement is not met; minimal content
quality content met with content  Incomplete
 Excellent adequate  Basic summary summary
summary content  Evidence of
 Adequate plagiarism
summary
 Relevant to  Consists of only  Consists of only  Not relevant to
assigned subject 50% of 40% of assigned subject
Appropriate matter and peer relevance to relevance to matter
Topic interest assigned subject assigned subject
matter matter

 Article has great  Article has 50%  Article has 40%  Article has no
significance significance significance significance
 Student  Student  Summary meets  Summary does
summary summary meets minimal not meet the
exceeds average project expectations expectations
peer perspective expectations  Little  No
Significanc and  Some understanding of understanding of
e understanding understanding of article’s article’s
 Student displays article’s relevance to relevance
understanding of relevance to topic
article’s topic
relevance to
topic

Carlos Peña Tatel Jr. (2016) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, Rex Book
Store, Inc.
REFERENCES
 Maria Carinnes P. Alejandria – Gonzales, et al (2016) Disciplines and Ideas in the
Social Sciences, DIWA Learning Systems Inc.
Teacher ROXANNE E. FERNANDO
Contact Number 09152923703
Email Address rhoxgarcia@gmail.com
Consultation Time