Titration and Acid-Base

Neutralization
Hanandayu Widwiastuti, S.Si., M.Si.
Prodi D-3 Analis Farmasi dan Makanan Jurusan Gizi
Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang
2019
Titration
ü a method of analysis that
will allow you to determine
the precise endpoint of a
reaction and therefore the
precise quantity of reactant
in the titration flask.
ü A buret is used to deliver
the second reactant to the
flask.
ü An indicator or pH Meter is
used to detect the
endpoint of the reaction.
Equivalence Point (EP)

•The point at which there are

stoichiometrically equivalent amounts
of acid and base.

•[H+] = [OH-]
Doing a Titration
Begin by preparing your buret by :
1. washing with soap and water
2. rinsing with tap and then distilled
water
3. and rinsing with the titrant
solution
§ You should check for air
bubbles and leaks, before
proceeding with the titration.
§ Be sure the tip of the buret is
filled.
§ Never dispense so that liquid
is below the last calibration
that you can read.
• Take an initial volume
reading and record it.
• Before beginning a titration,
you should always calculate
the expected endpoint
volume.
§ Prepare the
solution to be
analyzed by
placing it in a
clean Erlenmeyer
flask or beaker.
§ If your sample is
a solid, make sure
it is completely
dissolved.
§ Add indicator.
•Use the buret to
deliver a stream of
titrant to within a
couple of mL of your
expected endpoint.
•You will see the
indicator change color
when the titrant hits
the solution in the
flask, but the color
change disappears
upon stirring.
• Approach the endpoint more
slowly and watch the color of your
flask carefully.
• Use a wash bottle to rinse the
sides of the flask and the tip of
the buret, to be sure all titrant is
mixed in the flask.
• Make sure you know what the
endpoint should look like.
• For phenolphthalein, the endpoint
is the first permanent pale pink.
• The pale pink fades in 10 to 20
minutes.
 • If you think you might
have reached the
endpoint, you can record
•
the volume reading and
add another partial drop.
• Sometimes it is easier to
tell when you have gone
past the endpoint.
• If the flask looks like this,
you have gone too far!
Acid Base Neutralization Reaction

•Acid + Base à Water + Salt

•Ex: HCl + NaOH à H2O + NaCl
Example: Stomach antacids
 Buret

Valve
Titration

Acid with
End-Point
Phenolpthalein
STANDARD SOLUTIONS IN TITRATION

Divided into two categories: Primary and Secondary

Standards
Ø Primary Standards
A primary standard is a reagent for which we can
dispense an accurately known amount of analyte.
Ex: a 0.1250-g sample of K2Cr2O7 contains 4.249 ×
10–4 moles of K2Cr2O7. If we place this sample in a
250-mL volumetric flask and dilute to volume, the
concentration of the resulting solution is 1.700 × 10–
3M
STANDARD SOLUTIONS IN TITRATION

Ø Primary Standards Criterias:

§A primary standard must have a known
stoichiometry
§A known purity (or assay)
§Must be stable during long-term storage
§Notes:
Because of the difficulty in establishing the degree of
hydration, even after drying, a hydrated reagent
usually is not a primary standard.
STANDARD SOLUTIONS IN TITRATION

ØReagents that do not meet these criteria are secondary

standards. The concentration of a secondary standard
must be determined relative to a primary standard.
ØExample:
The base NaOH is an example of a secondary standard.
Commercially available NaOH contains impurities of
NaCl, Na2CO3, and Na2SO4, and readily absorbs H2O
from the atmosphere. To determine the concentration
of NaOH in a solution, it is titrated against a primary
standard weak acid, such as potassium hydrogen
phthalate, KHC8H4O4.
Indicators

Ø Indicators are chosen, such that they change

colors at the range of the pH of interest.

Ø The solution itself at the end-point may be:

§ Basic, if the reaction involves a strong base and a weak
acid.
§ Neutral, if the reaction involves a strong acid and a strong
base.
§ Acidic, if the reaction involves a strong acid and a weak
base.
Methods of Solving Titration Problems:

a) using stoichiometry

b) using the titration formula aMaVa=bMbVb.

Ex. 1

What is the concentration of HCl if 30.0 mL of 0.10

M NaOH neutralizes 50.0mL HCl?
NaOH + HCl ® H2O + NaCl
Hint: Use aMaVa=bMbVb
Ma=

How many moles of HCl were used?

Hint: #moles= MaVa , but convert the volume to L(
50mL=0.05L).
Ex. 2

A 20.0 mL solution of Sr(OH)2 is neutralized

after 25.0 mL of standard 0.05 M HCl is
added. What is the concentration of
Sr(OH)2?
2 HCl + Sr(OH)2 ® 2 H2O + SrCl2
Ex. 3

•How many mL of 0.20 M H3PO4 are needed

to neutralize 55.0 mL of a 0.10 M solution of
NaOH?
Ex. 4

• What volume of 0.20M Ca(OH)2 will neutralize 45.0

mL of a 1M solution of HClO3?
THANK YOU