Maths CH 092

Class-XII-Maths Differential Equations
CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 09

Back of Chapter Questions
Exercise 9.1
𝑑4 𝑦
1. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑑𝑥 4 + sin(𝑦 ′′′ ) = 0 [1 Mark]
Solution:
𝑑4 𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 4 + sin(𝑦 ′′′ ) = 0
We know that the highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 4. Therefore,
its order is four.
[1/2 Mark]
The given differential equation is not a polynomial equation in its derivatives. Hence, its degree
is not defined. [1/2
Mark]
2. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 0 [1

Mark]
Solution:
The given differential equation is 𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 0
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦′.
Therefore, its order is one. [1/2

Mark]
It is a polynomial equation in its derivatives and the highest power raised to 𝑦′ is 1. [1/2
Mark]
Hence, its degree is one.
𝑑𝑠 4 𝑑2 𝑠
3. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation (𝑑𝑡) + 3𝑠 𝑑𝑡 2 = 0 [1
Mark]
1
Practice more on Differential Equations www.embibe.com
Solution:
𝑑𝑠 4 𝑑2 𝑠
Given differential equation is (𝑑𝑡) + 3 𝑑𝑡 2 = 0
𝑑2 𝑠
The highest order derivative present in the given differential equation is 𝑑𝑡 2. Therefore, its order
is two.
[1/2 Mark]
𝑑2 𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑑2 𝑠
It is a polynomial equation in . and and the power raised to is 1. [1/2
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2
Mark]
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
4. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation ( ) + cos ( ) = 0 [1
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Mark]
Solution:
2
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + cos (𝑑𝑥 ) = 0
𝑑2 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 2 . Therefore, its order
is 2.
[1/2 Mark]
The given differential equation is not a polynomial equation in its derivatives. Hence, its degree
is not defined. [1/2
Mark]
𝑑2 𝑦
5. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑑𝑥 2 = cos3𝑥 + sin3𝑥 [1 Mark]
Solution:
𝑑2 𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 2 = cos3𝑥 + sin3𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ − cos3𝑥 − sin3𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
2
𝑑2 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is . Therefore, its order is
𝑑𝑥 2
two.
[1/2
Mark]
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
It is a polynomial equation in and the power raised to is 1. [1/2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2
Mark]
6. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation (y′′′)2 + (𝑦 ′′ )3 + (𝑦 ′ )4 +

𝑦 5 = 0 [1 Mark]
Solution:
Given differential equation is (y′′′)2 + (𝑦 ′′ )3 + (𝑦 ′ )4 + 𝑦 5 = 0
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦′′′.
Therefore, its order is three. [1/2

Mark]
The given differential equation is a polynomial equation in 𝑦 ′′′ , 𝑦′′ , and 𝑦′.
The highest power raised to 𝑦′′′ is 2. Hence, its degree is 2. [1/2

Mark]
7. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑦 ′′′ + 2𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 0 [1

Mark]
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑦 ′′′ + 2𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 0
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦 ′′′ .
Therefore, its order is three. [1/2

Mark]
It is a polynomial equation in 𝑦 ′′′ , 𝑦′′ , and 𝑦′ and the highest power raised to 𝑦 ′′′ is 1.
3
𝟏
Hence, its degree is 1. [𝟐
Mark]
8. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 [1

Mark]
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦′ + 𝑦 − 𝑒 𝑥 = 0
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦′.
Therefore, its order is one. [1/2

Mark]
The given differential equation is a polynomial equation in 𝑦′ and the highest power raised to 𝑦′
is one. Hence, its degree is one. [1/2
Mark]
9. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑦 ′′ + (𝑦 ′ )2 + 2𝑦 = 0 [1

Mark]
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑦 ′′ + (𝑦 ′ )2 + 2𝑦 = 0
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦 ′′ .
Therefore, its order is two. [1/2

Mark]
The given differential equation is a polynomial equation in 𝑦 ′′ and 𝑦′ the highest power raised
to 𝑦 ′′ is one.
[1/2 Mark]
10. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + sin𝑦 = 0 [1 Mark]
4
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + sin𝑦 = 0
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦 ′′ .
Therefore, its order is two. [1/2

Mark]
This is a polynomial equation in 𝑦 ′′ and 𝑦′ and the highest power raised to 𝑦 ′′ is one.
Hence, its degree is one. [1/2

Mark]
3
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
11. The degree of the differential equation (𝑑𝑥 2 ) + (𝑑𝑥 ) + sin (𝑑𝑥 ) + 1 = 0 is [1 Mark]
A) 3
B) 2
C) 1
D) not defined
Solution:
3
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is ( ) + ( ) + sin ( ) + 1 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
The given differential equation is not a polynomial equation in its derivatives. Therefore, its
degree is not defined.
[1 Mark]
Hence, the correct answer is D.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
12. The order of the differential equation 2𝑥 2 −3 + 𝑦 = 0 is [1 Mark]
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
A) 2
B) 1
C) 0
D) not defined
5
Solution:
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 2 − 3 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the given differential equation is .
𝑑𝑥 2
Therefore, its order is two. [1

Mark]
Hence, the correct answer is A.
Exercise 9.2
In each of the Exercises 1 to 10 verify that the given functions (explicit or implicit) is a solution of
the corresponding differential equation:
1. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 1: 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ = 0 [2
Marks]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 1
Differentiating both the sides of the given equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑥
= (𝑒 + 1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 … (1) [1
Mark]
Now, differentiating equation (1) with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑑 ′ 𝑑 𝑥
(𝑦 ) = (𝑒 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ = 𝑒 𝑥
Substituting the values of 𝑦 ′ and 𝑦 ′′ in the given differential equation, we get the L.H.S. as:
𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 = 0 = R. H. S.
Thus, the given function is the solution of the corresponding differential equation. [1
Mark]
6
2. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶: 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥 − 2−= 0
[2 Marks]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶
Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to 𝑥 we get:

𝑑 2
𝑦′ = (𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 𝐶)
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 + 2 [1
Mark]
Substituting the value of 𝑦 ′ in the given differential equation,
we get L.H.S.= 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥 − 2 = 2𝑥 + 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 = R.H.S.
Hence, the given function is the solution of the corresponding differential equation. [1
Mark]
3. 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 : 𝑦 ′ + sin 𝑥 = 0 [2
Marks]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 + 𝐶
Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑑
𝑦′ = (cos 𝑥 + 𝐶)
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′ = −sin𝑥 [1
Mark]
Substituting the value of 𝑦 ′ in the given differential equation, we get
L. H. S = 𝑦’ + sin 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 0 = R.H.S
Mark]
7
𝑥𝑦
4. 𝑦 = √1 + 𝑥 2 : 𝑦 ′ = 1+𝑥2 [2
Marks]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑦 = √1 + 𝑥 2
Differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑑
𝑦′ = (√1 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑
⇒ 𝑦′ = · (1 + 𝑥 2 )
2√1 + 𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥
⇒ 𝑦′ =
2√1 + 𝑥 2
𝑥
⇒ 𝑦′ =
√1 + 𝑥 2
𝑥
⇒ 𝑦′ = × √1 + 𝑥 2
1 + 𝑥2
𝑥
⇒ 𝑦′ = ·𝑦
1 + 𝑥2
𝑥𝑦
⇒ 𝑦′ =
1 + 𝑥2
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
Marks]
5. 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥 ∶ 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦(𝑥 ≠ 0) [1
Mark]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑥
Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑑
𝑦′ = (𝐴𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦′ = 𝐴
Substituting the value of 𝑦 ′ in the given differential equation, we get:
8
L.H.S.=𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑥 ∙ 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑥 = 𝑦 =R.H.S
Mark]
6. 𝑦 = 𝑥sin𝑥: 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 (𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑥 > 𝑦 or 𝑥 < −𝑦) [2

Marks]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥

𝑑
𝑦′ = (𝑥sin𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ 𝑦 ′ = sin𝑥 · (𝑥) + 𝑥 · (sin𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′ = sin𝑥 + 𝑥cos𝑥 [1
Mark]
Substituting the value of 𝑦′ in the given differential equation, we get:
L.H.S = 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑥(sin𝑥 + 𝑥cos𝑥)
= 𝑥sin𝑥 + 𝑥 2 cos𝑥
= 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 · √1 − sin2 𝑥
𝑦 2
= 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 √1 − ( )
𝑥
= 𝑦 + 𝑥√𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
= R.H.S
Mark]
𝑦2
7. 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑦 + 𝐶 : 𝑦 ′ = 1−𝑥𝑦 (𝑥𝑦 ≠ 1)
[2 Marks]
9
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑥𝑦 = log 𝑦 + 𝐶
Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to x, we get:

𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥𝑦) = (log𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
⇒𝑦· (𝑥) + 𝑥 · =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
1
⇒ 𝑦 + 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 ′ [1
𝑦
Mark]
⇒ 𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 ′
⇒ (𝑥𝑦 − 1)𝑦 ′ = −𝑦 2
𝑦2
⇒ 𝑦′ =
1 − 𝑥𝑦
∴ L.H.S = R.H.S
Mark]
8. 𝑦 = cos 𝑦 = 𝑥 : (𝑦 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑦 ′ = 𝑦

[2 Marks]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑦 − cos 𝑦 = 𝑥
Differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
− (cos𝑦) = (𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 ′ + sin𝑦 · 𝑦 ′ = 1
⇒ 𝑦 ′ (1 + sin𝑦) = 1
1
⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 1+sin𝑦 [1
Mark]
Substituting the value of 𝑦′ in the L.H.S of the given differential equation, we get
= (𝑦sin𝑦 + cos𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑦 ′
10
1
= (𝑦sin𝑦 + cos𝑦 + 𝑦 − cos𝑦) ×
1 + sin𝑦
1
= 𝑦(1 + sin 𝑦) ·
1 + sin𝑦
=𝑦
= R. H. S
Mark]
9. 𝑥 + 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑦 : 𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 + 1 = 0
[2 Marks]
Solution:
Given equation is 𝑥 + 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑦

𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 + 𝑦) = (tan−1 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
⇒ 1 + 𝑦′ = [ ] 𝑦′
1 + 𝑦2
1
⇒ 𝑦′ [ − 1] = 1
1 + 𝑦2
1 − (1 + 𝑦 2 )
⇒ 𝑦′ [ ]=1
1 + 𝑦2
−𝑦 2
⇒ 𝑦′ [ ]=1
1 + 𝑦2
−(1+𝑦 2 )
⇒ 𝑦′ = 𝑦2
[1
Mark]
Substituting the value of 𝑦′ in the given differential equation, we get:

−(1+𝑦 2 )
L.H.S.=𝑦 2 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 2 + 1 = 𝑦 2 [ 𝑦2
] + 𝑦2 + 1
= −1 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 2 + 1
=0
=R.H.S.
11
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
10. 𝑦 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 ∈ (−𝑎, 𝑎) : 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 0(𝑦 ≠ 0) [2
Marks]
Solution:
Given function is 𝑦 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= (√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 2
⇒ = · (𝑎 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ = (−2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑎 − 𝑥 2
2
𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = [1
√𝑎 2 −𝑥 2
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the value of 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −𝑥
L.H.S.=𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2 ×
√𝑥 2 −𝑥 2
=𝑥−𝑥
=0
=R.H.S.
Mark]
11. The numbers of arbitrary constants in the general solution of a differential equation of
fourth order are:
[1 Mark]
(A) 0
(B) 2
12
(C) 3
(D) 4
Solution:
We know that the number of constants in the general solution of a differential equation of order
𝟏
𝑛 is equal to its order. [𝟐
Mark]
Therefore, the number of constants in the general equation of fourth order differential equation
is four.
𝟏
Hence, the correct answer is D. [
𝟐
Mark]
12. The numbers of arbitrary constants in the particular solution of a differential equation of
third order are:
[1 Mark]
(A) 3
(B) 2
(C) 1
(D) 0
Solution:
𝟏
In a particular solution of a differential equation, there will be no arbitrary constants. [𝟐
Mark]
𝟏
Hence, the correct answer is D. [
𝟐
Mark]
Exercise 9.3
In each of the Exercises 1 to 5, form a differential equation representing the given family of
curves by eliminating arbitrary constants 𝑎 and 𝑏.
13
𝑥 𝑦
1. 𝑎
+𝑏 =1 [2
Marks]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑦
Given curve is 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 1
Differentiating both sides of the given equation with respect to 𝑥, we get

1 1 𝑑𝑦
+ =0
𝑎 𝑏 𝑑𝑥
1 1
⇒ 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑦′ = 0
[1 Mark
Again, differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get

1
0 + 𝑦 ′′ = 0
𝑏
1 ′′
⇒ 𝑦 =0
𝑏
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ = 0
Hence, the required differential equation of the given curve is 𝑦 ′′ = 0 [1
Mark]
2. 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑏 2 − 𝑥 2 ) [2
Marks]
Solution:
Given curve is 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑏 2 − 𝑥 2 )

𝑑𝑦
2𝑦 = 𝑎(−2𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 2𝑦𝑦 ′ = −2𝑎𝑥
⇒ 𝑦𝑦 ′ = −𝑎𝑥 … (1)
Again, differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get:
𝑦 ′ · 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ = −𝑎
14
⇒ (𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ = −𝑎 … (2) [1
Mark]
Dividing equation (2) by equation (1), we get:
(𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ −𝑎
′
=
𝑦𝑦 −𝑎𝑥
⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′′ = 0
Hence, the required differential equation of the given curve is 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′′ = 0[1
Mark]
3. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 [4
Marks]
Solution:
Given curve is 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 … (1)
𝑦 ′ = 3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 … (2)

𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 4𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 … (3)

Multiplying equation (1) with (2) and then adding it to equation (2), we get
(2𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 ) + (3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑐 −2𝑥 ) = 2𝑦 + 𝑦 ′
⇒ 5𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 = 2𝑦 + 𝑦 ′
2𝑦+𝑦 ′
⇒ 𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 = 5
[2
Marks]
Now, multiplying equation (1) with equation (3) and subtracting equation (2) from it, we get:
(3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 3𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 ) − (3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 ) = 3𝑦 − 𝑦 ′
⇒ 5𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 𝑦 ′
3𝑦−𝑦 ′
⇒ 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 = 5
[1
Mark]
Substituting the values of 𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 and 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 in equation (3), we get:

(2𝑦 + 𝑦 ′ ) (3𝑦 − 𝑦 ′ )
𝑦 ′′ = 9 · +4
5 5
15
18𝑦 + 9𝑦 ′ 12𝑦 − 4𝑦 ′
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ = +
5 5
30𝑦 + 5𝑦 ′
′′
⇒𝑦 =
5
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ = 6𝑦 + 𝑦 ′
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 0
Hence, the required differential equation of the given curve is 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 6𝑦 = 0. [1
Mark]
4. 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥) [4
Marks]
Solution:
Given curve is 𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥) … (1)
𝑦 ′ = 2𝑒 2𝑥 (𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥) + 𝑒 2𝑥 · 𝑏
⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏) … (2) [1

Mark]
Multiplying equation (1) with equation (2) and then subtracting it from equation (2), we get:
𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏) − 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑥)

⇒ 𝑦 ′ − 2 = 𝑏𝑒 2𝑥 … (3)
𝑦 ′′ 𝑘 − 2𝑦 ′ = 2𝑏𝑒 2𝑥 … (4) [1
Mark]

𝑦 ′′ 𝑘 − 2𝑦 ′
=2
𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ = 2𝑦 ′ − 4𝑦
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0
Hence, the required differential equation of the given curve is 𝑦 ′′ − 4𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0 [2
Marks]
16
5. 𝑦 − 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥) [4
Marks]
Solution:
Given curve is 𝑦 − 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥) … (1)
𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑎cos𝑥 + 𝑏sin𝑥) + 𝑒 𝑥 (−𝑎sin𝑥 + 𝑏cos𝑥)

⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑎 + 𝑏)cos𝑥 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)sin𝑥] … (2)
Again, differentiating with respect to 𝑥, we get:
𝑦 ′′ = 𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑎 + 𝑏)cos𝑥 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)sin𝑥] + 𝑒 𝑥 [−(𝑎 + 𝑏)sin𝑥 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)cos𝑥]

𝑦 ′′ = 𝑒 𝑥 [2𝑏cos𝑥 − 2𝑎sin𝑥]
𝑦 ′′ = 2𝑒 𝑥 (𝑏cos𝑥 − 𝑎sin𝑥)
𝑦 ′′
⇒ 2
= 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑏cos𝑥 − 𝑎sin𝑥) … (3)
Adding equations (1) and (3), we get:

𝑦 ′′
𝑦+ 2
= 𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑎 + 𝑏)cos𝑥 − (𝑎 − 𝑏)sin𝑥] [3
Marks]
𝑦 ′′
⇒𝑦+ = 𝑦′
2
⇒ 2𝑦 + 𝑦 ′′ = 2𝑦 ′
⇒ 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
Hence, the required differential equation of the given curve is 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0 [1
Mark]
6. Form the differential equation of the family of circles touching the 𝑦-axis at the origin.[2
Marks]
Solution:
We know that the centre of the circle touching the y-axis at origin lies on the 𝑥-axis.
Let (𝑎, 0) be the centre of the circle.
17
Since it touches the y-axis at origin, its radius is 𝑎.
Now, the equation of the circle with centre (𝑎, 0) and radius 𝑎 is (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑥 … (1)
Now, differentiating equation (1) with respect to 𝑥, we get:
2𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 ′ = 2𝑎
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 𝑎 [1
Mark]
Now, on substituting the value of a in equation (1), we get:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ )𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′
⇒ 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 2
Hence, the required differential equation is 2𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′ + 𝑥 2 = 𝑦 2 [1

Mark]
7. Form the differential equation of the family of parabolas having vertex at origin and axis
along positive y-axis.
[2 Marks]
Solution:
The equation of the parabola having the vertex at origin and the axis along the positive y-axis is
𝑥 2 = 4𝑎𝑦 … (1)
18
Differentiating equation (1) with respect to 𝑥, we get:
2𝑥 = 4𝑎𝑦 ′ … (2) [1
Mark]

2𝑥 4𝑎𝑦 ′
=
𝑥2 4𝑎𝑦
2 𝑦′
⇒ =
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 2𝑦
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0
Hence, the required differential equation is 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 0. [1
Mark]
8. Form the differential equation of the family of ellipses having foci on y-axis and centre at
origin.
[4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑥2
The equation of the family of ellipses having foci on the y-axis and the centre at origin is +
𝑏2
𝑦2
= 1 … (1)
𝑎2
19

2𝑥 2𝑦𝑦 ′
𝑏2
+ 𝑏2
=0 [1
Mark]
𝑥 𝑦𝑦 ′
⇒ 2 + 2 = 0 … (2)
𝑏 𝑎
Again, differentiating with respect to x, we get:
1 𝑦 ′ · 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 · 𝑦 ′′
+ =0
𝑏2 𝑎2
1 1
⇒ 2
+ 2 (𝑦 ′2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ ) = 0
𝑏 𝑎
1 1
⇒ 𝑏2 = − 𝑎2 (𝑦 ′2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ ) [1
Mark]
Substituting this value in equation (2), we get:

1 𝑦𝑦 ′
𝑥 [− 𝑎2 ((𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ )] + 𝑎2
=0 [1
Mark]
⇒ −𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
Hence, the required differential equation is 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0 [1

Mark]
9. Form the differential equation of the family of hyperbolas having foci on x-axis and centre
at origin.
20
[4
Marks]
Solution:
The equation of the family of hyperbolas with the centre at origin and foci along the x-axis is
𝑥2 𝑦2
− = 1 … (1)
𝑎2 𝑏 2
Differentiating both sides of equation (1) with respect to 𝑥, we get:

2𝑥 2𝑦𝑦 ′
− =0 [1
𝑎2 𝑏2
Mark]
𝑥 𝑦𝑦 ′
⇒ 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
= 0 … (2)

1 𝑦 ′ · 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦𝑦 ′′
− =0
𝑎2 𝑏2
1 1
⇒ 𝑎2 = 𝑏2 ((𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ ) [1
Mark]
1
Substituting the value of 𝑎2 in equation (2)
𝑥 𝑦𝑦 ′
((𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑦𝑦 ′′ ) − =0 [1
𝑏2 𝑏2
Mark]
⇒ 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
⇒ 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0
Hence, the required differential equation is 𝑥𝑦𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥(𝑦 ′ )2 − 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 0. [1

Mark]
21
10. Form the differential equation of the family of circles having centre on y-axis and radius 3
units.
[2
Marks]
Solution:
Let the centre of the circle on y-axis be (0, b).
The equation of the family of circles with centre at (0, b) and radius 3 is 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 32
⇒ 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 9 … (1)
2𝑥 + 2(𝑦 − 𝑏) · 𝑦 ′ = 0
⇒ (𝑦 − 𝑏) · 𝑦 ′ = −𝑥
−𝑥
⇒𝑦−𝑏 = [1
𝑦′
Mark]
Substituting the value of (𝑦– 𝑏) in equation (1), we get:

−𝑥 2
𝑥2 + ( ) =9
𝑦′
1
⇒ 𝑥 2 [1 + ]=9
(𝑦 ′ )2
⇒ 𝑥 2 ((𝑦 ′ )2 + 1) = 9(𝑦 ′ )2
⇒ (𝑥 2 − 9)(𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑥 2 = 0
22
Hence, the required differential equation is (𝑥 2 − 9)(𝑦 ′ )2 + 𝑥 2 = 0 [1

Mark]
11. Which of the following differential equations has 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥
as the general solution? [2

Marks]
𝑑2 𝑦
(A) 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦
(B) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦
(C) +1=0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
(D) −1 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
Solution:
The given equation is 𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 ….(𝑖)
Differentiating with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑2 𝑦
= 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ =𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ −𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
Hence, the required differential equation of the given equation of curve is − 𝑦 = 0 [1
𝑑𝑥 2
Mark]
Hence, the correct answer is B.
12. Which of the following differential equation has 𝑦 = 𝑥 as one of its particular solution? [2
Marks]
23
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(A) − 𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(B) 𝑑𝑥 2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(C) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(D) +𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
The given equation of curve is 𝑦 = 𝑥.
Differentiating with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 1 … (1)

𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
= 0 … (2) [1
Mark]
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Now, on substituting the values of𝑦, 𝑑𝑥 2 , and 𝑑𝑥 from equation (1) and (2) in each of
the given alternatives, we find that only the differential equation given in alternative C is
correct.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
− 𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑦 = 0 − 𝑥 2 ∙ 1 + 𝑥 ∙ 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2
=0
Hence, the correct answer is C [1
Mark]
Exercise 9.4
For each of the differential equations in Exercises 1 to 10, find the general solution: [2 Marks]
𝑑𝑦 1−cos 𝑥
1. 𝑑𝑥
= 1+cos 𝑥
24
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 1−cos𝑥
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 = 1+cos𝑥
2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2sin 2 𝑥
⇒ = 𝑥 = tan2
𝑑𝑥 2cos 2 2
2
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
⇒ = (sec 2 − 1)
𝑑𝑥 2
Separating the variables, we get:
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = (sec 2 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 [1
Mark]
Now, integrating both sides of this equation, we get

𝑥 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (sec 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ sec 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = 2tan − 𝑥 + C
2
𝑥
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 2tan − 𝑥 + C[1
2
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
2. = √4 − 𝑦 2 (−2 < 𝑦 < 2)
𝑑𝑥
[2 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 = √4 − 𝑦 2

𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑑𝑥 [1
√4−𝑦2
Mark]
Now, integrating both sides of this equation, we get:

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√4 − 𝑦 2
𝑦
⇒ sin−1 =𝑥+C
2
25
𝑦
⇒ = sin(𝑥 + C)
2
⇒ 𝑦 = 2 sin(𝑥 + C)
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 2 sin(𝑥 + C)[1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
3. 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑦 = 1(𝑦 ≠ 1) [2
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = (1 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑑𝑥 [1
1−𝑦
Mark]
Now, integrating both sides, we get:

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫𝑑𝑥
1−𝑦
⇒ log(1 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 + logC
⇒ −log𝐶 − log(1 − 𝑦) = 𝑥
⇒ log𝐶(1 − 𝑦) = −𝑥
⇒ 𝐶(1 − 𝑦) = 𝑒 −𝑥
1
⇒ 1 − 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥
C
1
⇒ 𝑦 = 1 − 𝑒 −𝑥
C
1
⇒ 𝑦 = 1 + 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 (where 𝐴 = − )
C
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 1 + 𝐴𝑒 −𝑥 [1
Mark]
26
4. sec 2 𝑥 tan 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 𝑦 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0 [4

Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is sec 2 𝑥tan𝑦𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 𝑦tan𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
sec 2 𝑥tan𝑦𝑑𝑥 + sec 2 𝑦tan𝑥𝑑𝑦

⇒ =0
tan𝑥tan𝑦
sec 2 𝑥 sec 2 𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
tan𝑥 tan𝑦
sec 2 𝑥 sec 2 𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑦
tan𝑥 tan𝑦
Integrating both sides of this equation, we get:
sec2 𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑦 … (1) [1
tan𝑦
Mark]
Let tan𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
∴ (tan𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
⇒ sec 2 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥
⇒ sec 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
sec2 𝑥 1
Now, ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
tan𝑥
= log 𝑡
= log(tan 𝑥) [1
Mark]
sec2 𝑥
Similarly, ∫ tan𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = log(tan 𝑦)
Substituting these values in equation (1), we get:
log(tan𝑥) = − log(tan𝑦) + logC

C
⇒ log(tan𝑥) = log ( )
tan𝑦
C
⇒ tan𝑥 =
tan𝑦
⇒ tan𝑥 tan𝑦 = C
27
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is tan𝑥 tan𝑦 = C [2
Marks]
5. (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 − (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
[2 Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 − (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
⇒ (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 = (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = [ ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = ∫[ ] 𝑑𝑥 + C … (1)
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
Let 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) = 𝑡

𝑑 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
(𝑒 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 =
𝑑𝑡
⇒ (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 [1
Mark]

1
𝑦=∫ 𝑑𝑡 + C
𝑡
⇒ 𝑦 = log(𝑡) + C
⇒ 𝑦 = log(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) + C
Hence,
the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = log(𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) + C[1
Mark]
28
𝑑𝑦
6. 𝑑𝑥
= (1 + 𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑦 2 ) [2
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is = (1 + 𝑥 2 )(1 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 [1
1+𝑦 2
Mark]

𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫(1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑦2
⇒ tan−1 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
⇒ tan−1 𝑦 = 𝑥 + +C
3
𝑥3
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is tan−1 𝑦 = 𝑥 + + C[1
3
Mark]
7. 𝑦log𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
[2 Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑦log𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
⇒ 𝑦log𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
⇒ =
𝑦log𝑦 𝑥
Integrating both sides, we get:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ = ∫ … (1)
𝑦log𝑦 𝑥
Let log 𝑦 = 𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
∴ (log𝑦) =
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
29
1 𝑑𝑡
⇒ =
𝑦 𝑑𝑦
1
⇒ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑡 [1
Mark]

𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥
∫ =∫
𝑡 𝑥
⇒ log𝑡 = log𝑥 + logC
⇒ log(log𝑦) = log𝐶𝑥
⇒ log𝑦 = C𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑐𝑥
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑐𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
8. 𝑥5 = −𝑦 5
𝑑𝑥
[2 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑦 5
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 5
=− 5
𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
⇒ + =0
𝑥5 𝑦5
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑥 5 + ∫ 𝑦5 = 𝑘 [1
Mark]
⇒ ∫ 𝑥 −5 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑦 −5 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑘
𝑥 −4 𝑦 −4
⇒ + =𝑘
−4 −4
⇒ 𝑥 −4 + 𝑦 −4 = −4𝑘
⇒ 𝑥 −4 + 𝑦 −4 = 𝐶 (𝐶 = −4𝑘)
30
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥 −4 + 𝑦 −4 = 𝐶 [1

Mark]
𝑑𝑦
9. 𝑑𝑥
= sin−1 𝑥
[4 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is = sin−1 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ sin−1 𝑥𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = ∫(sin−1 𝑥 · 1) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
⇒ 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 · ∫(1) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [( (sin−1 𝑥) · ∫(1) 𝑑𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1
⇒ 𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 · 𝑥 − ∫ ( · 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
√1 − 𝑥 2
−𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥sin−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (1) [1
√1−𝑥 2
Mark]
Let 1 − 𝑥 2 = 𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
⇒ (1 − 𝑥 2 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
⇒ −2𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥
1
⇒ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑑𝑡
2
1
𝑦 = 𝑥sin−1 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑡 [1
2√𝑡
Mark]
1 1
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥sin−1 𝑥 + · ∫(𝑡)−2 𝑑𝑡
2
31
1
1 𝑡2
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥sin−1 𝑥 + · +C
2 1
2
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥sin−1 𝑥 + √𝑡 + C
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥sin−1 𝑥 + √1 − 𝑥 2 + C [2
Marks]
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 𝑥sin−1 𝑥 +
√1 − 𝑥 2 + C
10. 𝑒 𝑥 tan𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )sec 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0 [4

Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑒 𝑥 tan𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )sec 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )sec 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = −𝑒 𝑥 tan𝑦𝑑𝑥
sec 2 𝑦 −𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
tan𝑦 1 − 𝑒𝑥
sec2 𝑦 −𝑒 𝑥
∫ tan𝑦
𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 1−𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 … (1) [1
Mark]
Let tan 𝑦 = 𝑢
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
⇒ (tan𝑦) =
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
⇒ sec 2 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑦
⇒ sec 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑢
sec2 𝑦 𝑑𝑢
∴∫ tan𝑦
𝑑𝑦 =∫ 𝑢
= log𝑢 = log(tan𝑦) [1
Mark]
Now, Let 1 − 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑡.
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
∴ (1 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
32
𝑑𝑡
⇒ −𝑒 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥
⇒ −𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
−𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
⇒ ∫ 1−𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡
= log𝑡 = log(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) [1
Mark]
sec2 𝑦 −𝑒 𝑥
Substituting the values of ∫ tan𝑦
𝑑𝑦 and ∫ 1−𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⇒ log(tan𝑦) = log(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 ) + log𝐶

⇒ log(tan𝑦) = log[C(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )]
⇒ tan𝑦 = C(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is tan𝑦 = C(1 − 𝑒 𝑥 )[1
Mark]
For each of the differential equations in Exercises 11 to 14, find a particular solution satisfying
the given condition:
𝑑𝑦
11. (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥; 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0
[6 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥
⇒ = 3
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 1)
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 … (1)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 2 + 1)
2𝑥 2 +𝑥 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝐶
Let (𝑥+1)(𝑥2 = + 2 … (2)
+1) 𝑥+1 𝑥 +1
2𝑥 2 +𝑥 𝐴𝑥 2 +𝐴+(𝐵𝑥+𝐶)(𝑥+1)
⇒ (𝑥+1)(𝑥2 +1) = (𝑥+1)(𝑥 2 +1)
[1
Mark]⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐶
2 2
⇒ 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = (𝐴 + 𝐵)𝑥 2 + (𝐵 + 𝐶)𝑥 + (𝐴 + 𝐶)
33
Comparing the coefficients of 𝑥 2 and 𝑥, we get:
𝐴+𝐵 =2
𝐵+𝐶 =1
𝐴+𝐶 =0
Solving these equations, we get:
1 3 −1
𝐴 = , 𝐵 = and 𝐶 = [1
2 2 2
Mark]
Substituting the values of 𝐴, 𝐵, and C in equation (2), we get:
2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 1 1 1 (3𝑥 − 1)
= · +
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑥 + 1) 2 (𝑥 2 + 1)
2
Therefore, equation (1) becomes:

1 1 1 3𝑥−1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 2 ∫ 𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑥 2 +1 𝑑𝑥 [1
Mark]
1 3 𝑥 1 1
⇒ 𝑦 = log(𝑥 + 1) + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑥 +1 2 𝑥 +1
1 3 2𝑥 1
⇒ 𝑦 = log(𝑥 + 1) + · ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 − tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
2 4 𝑥 +1 2
1 3 1
⇒ 𝑦 = log(𝑥 + 1) + log(𝑥 2 + 1) − tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
2 4 2
1 1
⇒ 𝑦 = [2 log(𝑥 + 1) + 3 log(𝑥 2 + 1)] − tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
4 2
1 1
⇒ 𝑦 = [(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 2 + 1)3 ] − tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶 … (3) [1
4 2
Mark]
Now, 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0
1 1
⇒ I = log(1) − tan−1 0 + C
4 2
1 1
⇒1= ×0− ×0+C
4 2
⇒C=1 [1
Mark]
Substituting 𝐶 = 1 in equation (3), we get:

1 1
𝑦 = [log(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 2 + 1)3 ] − tan−1 𝑥 + 1
4 2
34
1
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = [log(𝑥 +
4
1
1)2 (𝑥 2 + 1)3 ] − 2 tan−1 𝑥 + 1
[1 Mark]
𝑑𝑦
12. 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 1; 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 2 [6
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 =
𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1)
1
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) 𝑑𝑥 … (1) [1
Mark]
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
Let 𝑥(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) = 𝑥 + 𝑥−1 + 𝑥+1 … (2)
1 𝐴(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)+𝐵𝑥(𝑥+1)+𝐶𝑥(𝑥−1)
⇒ 𝑥(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1) = 𝑥(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)
[1
Mark]
(𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶)𝑥 2 + (𝐵 − 𝐶)𝑥 − 𝐴
=
𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
Comparing the coefficients of 𝑥 2 , 𝑥, and constant, we get:
𝐴 = −1
𝐵−𝐶 =0
𝐴+𝐵+𝐶 =0
Solving these equations, we get
1 1
𝐵 = and 𝐶 = [1
2 2
Mark]
Substituting the values of 𝐴, 𝐵, and 𝐶 in equation (2), we get:
35
1 −1 1 1
= + +
𝑥(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 2(𝑥 − 1) 2(𝑥 + 1)
1 1 1 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑥−1 2 𝑥+1
1 1
⇒ 𝑦 = −log𝑥 + 2 log(𝑥 − 1) + 2 log(𝑥 + 1) + log𝑘 [1
Mark]
1 𝑘 2 (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
⇒ 𝑦 = log [ ] … (3)
2 𝑥2
1 𝑘 2 (2 − 1)(2 + 1)
⇒ 0 = log [ ]
2 4
3𝑘 2
⇒ log ( )=0
4
3𝑘 2
⇒ =1
4
⇒ 3𝑘 2 = 4
4
⇒ 𝑘2 = [1
3
Mark]
Substituting the value of 𝑘 2 in equation (3), we get:
1 4(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 1)
𝑦 = log [ ]
2 3𝑥 2
1 4(𝑥 2 − 1)
⇒ 𝑦 = log [ ]
2 3𝑥 2
1 4(𝑥 2 −1)
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 2 log [ 3𝑥 2
][1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
13. cos (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑎(𝑎 ∈ 𝑅); 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0 [2
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is cos (𝑑𝑥 ) = 𝑎
36
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = cos −1 𝑎
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = cos −1 𝑎𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = cos−1 𝑎 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = cos −1 𝑎 · 𝑥 + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥cos−1 𝑎 + C … (1)
⇒ 1 = 0 cos −1 𝑎 + 𝐶
⇒𝐶=1 [1
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑥cos−1 𝑎 + 1
𝑦−1
⇒ = cos −1 𝑎
𝑥
𝑦−1
⇒ cos ( )=𝑎
𝑥
𝑦−1
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is cos ( ) = 𝑎 [1
𝑥
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
14. 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑦tan𝑥; 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0 [2
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦tan𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = tan𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦
∫ = − ∫ tan𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
⇒ log𝑦 = log(sec𝑥) + log𝐶
37
⇒ log𝑦 = log(C sec 𝑥)

⇒ 𝑦 = Csec𝑥 … (1) [1
Mark]
Now,𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0
⇒ 1 = 𝐶 × sec0
⇒1=𝐶×1
⇒𝐶=1
𝑦 = sec 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 − sec 𝑥 = 0
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 − sec 𝑥 = 0 [1
Mark]
15. Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (0, 0) and whose differential
equation is. 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 sin 𝑥 [4

Marks]
Solution:
Given that the differential equation of the curve is 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥
∫ 𝑑 𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥𝑑𝑥 … (1) [1
Mark]
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑
⇒ 𝐼 = sin𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ( (sin𝑥) · ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝐼 = sin𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ cos𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
⇒ 𝐼 = sin𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑥 − [cos𝑥 · ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ( (cos𝑥) · ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]
𝑑𝑥
38
⇒ 𝐼 = sin𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑥 − [cos𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫(−sin𝑥) · 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥 − 𝐼
⇒ 2𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin𝑥 − cos𝑥)
𝑒 𝑥 (sin𝑥−cos𝑥)
⇒𝐼= 2
[1
Mark]

𝑒 𝑥 (sin𝑥 − cos𝑥)
𝑦= + C … (2)
2
Now the curve passes through point (0, 0)
𝑒 0 (sin0 − cos0)
∴0= +C
2
1(0 − 1)
⇒0= +C
2
1
⇒𝐶=2 [1
Mark]
1
Substituting 𝐶 = in equation (2), we get:
2
𝑒 𝑥 (sin𝑥 − cos𝑥) 1
𝑦= +
2 2
⇒ 2𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin𝑥 − cos𝑥) + 1
⇒ 2𝑦 − 1 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin𝑥 − cos𝑥)
Hence, the required equation of the given curve is 2𝑦 − 1 = 𝑒 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥) [1
Mark]
16. For the differential equation find the solution curve passing through the point (1, –1). [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation of the curve is 𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 + 2)(𝑦 + 2)
𝑦 𝑥+2
⇒( ) 𝑑𝑦 = ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+2 𝑥
2 2
⇒ (1 − 𝑦+2) 𝑑𝑦 = (1 + 𝑥)
39

2 2
∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+2 𝑥
1 1
⇒ ∫𝑑𝑦 − 2∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦+2 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 − 2log(𝑦 + 2) = 𝑥 + 2log𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦 − 𝑥 − C = log𝑥 2 + log(𝑦 + 2)2
⇒ 𝑦 − 𝑥 − C = log[𝑥 2 (𝑦 + 2)2 ] … (1) [2

Marks]
Now, the curve passed through point (1, −1)
⇒ −1 − 1 − 𝐶 = log[(1)2 (−1 + 2)2 ]

⇒ −2 − 𝐶 = log1 = 0
⇒ 𝐶 = −2 [1
Mark]
Substituting 𝐶 =– 2 in equation (1), we get:
𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2 = log[𝑥 2 (𝑦 + 2)2 ]
Hence, the required solution of the given curve is 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 2 = log[𝑥 2 (𝑦 + 2)2 ] [1
Mark]
17. Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (0, – 2) given that at any point
(𝑥, 𝑦) on the curve, the product of the slope of its tangent and 𝑦-coordinate of the point
is equal to the 𝑥-coordinate of the point. [4

Marks]
Solution:
Let 𝑥 and 𝑦 be the x-coordinate and 𝑦-coordinate of the curve respectively.
We know that the slope of a tangent to the curve in the coordinate axis is given by the relation,
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
According to the given information, we get:
𝑑𝑦
𝑦∙ =𝑥
𝑑𝑥
40
⇒ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑥𝑑𝑥
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦2 𝑥2
⇒ = +𝐶
2 2
⇒ 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 = 2𝐶 … (1) [2
Marks]
Now, the curve passes through point (0, – 2).
∴ (– 2)2 – 02 = 2𝐶
⇒ 2𝐶 = 4 [1
Mark]
Substituting 2𝐶 = 4 in equation (1), we get:
𝑦2– 𝑥2 = 4
Hence, the required equation of the curve is 𝑦 2 – 𝑥 2 = 4 [1

Mark]
18. At any point (𝑥, 𝑦) of a curve, the slope of the tangent is twice the slope of the line segment
joining the point of contact to the point (– 4, – 3). Find the equation of the curve given that
it passes through (– 2, 1).
[4 Marks]
Solution:
Given that (𝑥, 𝑦) is the point of contact of the curve and its tangent.
Let 𝑚1 be the slope of the line segment joining the given points and 𝑚2 be the slope of the
tangent
𝑥+3
We know, slope (𝑚1 ) of the line segment joining (𝑥, 𝑦) and (– 4, – 3) is 𝑥+4
𝑑𝑦
And slope (𝑚2 ) of the tangent = 𝑑𝑥
According to the given information:
𝑚2 = 2𝑚1
𝑑𝑦 2(𝑦 + 3)
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+4
41
𝑑𝑦 2𝑑𝑥
⇒ =
𝑦+3 𝑥+4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ = 2∫
𝑦+3 𝑥+4
⇒ log(𝑦 + 3) = 2 log(𝑥 + 4) + log𝐶
⇒ log(𝑦 + 3) log𝐶(𝑥 + 4)2

⇒ 𝑦 + 3 = 𝐶(𝑥 + 4)2 … (1) [2
Marks]
This is the general equation of the curve.
It is given that it passes through point (– 2, 1).
⇒ 1 + 3 = 𝐶(−2 + 4)2
⇒ 4 = 4𝐶
⇒𝐶=1 [1
Mark]
𝑦 + 3 = (𝑥 + 4)2
Hence, the required equation of the curve is 𝑦 + 3 = (𝑥 + 4)2 [1

Mark]
19. The volume of spherical balloon being inflated changes at a constant rate. If initially its
radius is 3 units and after 3 seconds it is 6 units. Find the radius of balloon after 𝑡 seconds.
[4 Marks]
Solution:
Let the rate of change of the volume of the balloon be 𝑘 (where 𝑘 is a constant).
𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑘
𝑑𝑡
𝑑 4 3 4
⇒ ( 𝜋𝑟 ) = 𝑘 [Volume of sphere = 𝜋𝑟 3 ]
𝑑𝑡 3 3
4 𝑑𝑟
⇒ 𝜋 · 3𝑟 2 · =𝑘
3 𝑑𝑡
42
⇒ 4𝜋𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑘𝑑𝑡 [1
Mark]
4𝜋 ∫ 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑟3
⇒ 4𝜋 · = 𝑘𝑡 + C
3
⇒ 4𝜋𝑟 3 = 3(𝑘𝑡 + C) … (1)
Now, at 𝑡 = 0, 𝑟 = 3:
⇒ 4𝜋 × 33 = 3(𝑘 × 0 + 𝐶)
⇒ 108𝜋 = 3𝐶
⇒ 𝐶 = 36𝜋 [1
Mark]
At 𝑡 = 3, 𝑟 = 6:
⇒ 4𝜋 × 63 = 3(𝑘 × 3 + 𝐶)
⇒ 864𝜋 = 3(3𝑘 + 36𝜋)
⇒ 3𝑘 =– 288𝜋 – 36𝜋 = 252𝜋
⇒ 𝑘 = 84𝜋 [1
Mark]
Substituting the values of 𝑘 and 𝐶 in equation (1), we get:
4𝜋𝑟 3 = 3[84𝜋𝑡 + 36𝜋]
⇒ 4𝜋𝑟 3 = 4𝜋(63𝑡 + 27)
⇒ 𝑟 3 = 63𝑡 + 27
1
⇒ 𝑟 = (63𝑡 + 27)3
1
Thus, the radius of the balloon after 𝑡 seconds is (63𝑡 + 27)3 [1
Mark]
20. In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of 𝑟% per year. Find the value of 𝑟 if
Rs 100 doubles itself in 10 years (log 𝑒 2 = 0.6931).
[4 Marks]
Solution:
43
Let 𝑝 and 𝑡 represent the principal and time respectively.
It is given that the principal increases continuously at the rate of 𝑟% per year.
𝑑𝑝 𝑟
⇒ =( )𝑝
𝑑𝑡 100
𝑑𝑝 𝑟
⇒ =( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑝 100
𝑑𝑝 𝑟
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑝 100
𝑟𝑡
⇒ log𝑝 = +𝑘
100
𝑟𝑡
⇒ 𝑝 = 𝑒 100+𝑘 … (1) [1
Mark]
It is given that when 𝑡 = 0, 𝑝 = 100.
⇒ 100 = 𝑒 𝑘 … (2) [1
Mark]
Now, if 𝑡 = 10, then 𝑝 = 2 × 100 = 200.

𝑟
200 = 𝑒 10+𝑘
𝑟
⇒ 200 = 𝑒 10 · 𝑒 𝑘
𝑟
⇒ 200 = 𝑒 10 · 100 (From (2))
𝑟
⇒ 𝑒 10 = 2
𝑟
⇒ = log 𝑒 2
10
𝑟
⇒ = 0.6931
10
⇒ 𝑟 = 0.6931
Hence, the value of 𝑟 is 6.93% [2
Marks]
21. In a bank, principal increases continuously at the rate of 5% per year. An amount of Rs
44
1000 is deposited with this bank, how much will it worth after 10 years (𝑒 0.5 = 1.648) [4
Marks]
Solution:
Let 𝑝 and 𝑡 be the principal and time respectively.
It is given that the principal increases continuously at the rate of 5% per year.
𝑑𝑝 5
⇒ =( )𝑝
𝑑𝑡 100
𝑑𝑝 𝑝
⇒ =
𝑑𝑡 20
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑝
= 20 [1
Mark]

𝑑𝑝 1
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑝 20
𝑡
⇒ log 𝑝 = +𝐶
20
𝑡
⇒ 𝑝 = 𝑒 20+𝐶 … (1) [1
Mark]
Now, when 𝑡 = 0, 𝑝 = 1000.
⇒ 1000 = 𝑒 𝐶 … (2) [1
Mark]
At 𝑡 = 10, equation (1) becomes:

1
𝑝 = 𝑒 2+C
⇒ 𝑝 = 𝑒 0.5 × 𝑒 C
⇒ 𝑝 = 1.648 × 1000
⇒ 𝑝 = 1648
Hence, after 10 years the amount will worth Rs 1648. [1
Mark]
22. In a culture, the bacteria count is 1,00,000. The number is increased by 10% in 2 hours. In
how many hours will the count reach 2,00,000, if the rate of growth of bacteria is
45
proportional to the number present?

[6 Marks]
Solution:
Let 𝑦 be the number of bacteria at any instant 𝑡.
It is given that the rate of growth of the bacteria is proportional to the number present.
𝑑𝑦
∴ ∝𝑦
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑘𝑦 (where 𝑘 is a constant)
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑦
= 𝑘𝑑𝑡 [1
Mark]

𝑑𝑦
∫ = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑦
⇒ log𝑦 = 𝑘𝑡 + C (1) [1
Mark]
Let 𝑦0 be the number of bacteria at 𝑡 = 0.
⇒ log 𝑦0 = 𝐶
Substituting the value of 𝐶 in equation (1), we get:
log𝑦 = 𝑘𝑡 + log𝑦0
⇒ log𝑦 − log𝑦0 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑦
⇒ log ( ) = 𝑘𝑡
𝑦0
𝑦
⇒ 𝑘𝑡 = log (𝑦 ) … (2) [1
0
Mark]
Also, it is given that the number of bacteria increases by 10% in 2 hours.

110
⇒𝑦= 𝑦
100 0
𝑦 11
⇒ 𝑦 = 10 … (3) [1
0
Mark]

11
𝑘 · 2 = log ( )
10
46
1 11
⇒ 𝑘 = log ( )
2 10
1 11 𝑦
log ( ) · 𝑡 = log ( )
2 10 𝑦0
𝑦
2 log( )
𝑦0
⇒𝑡= 11 … (4) [1
log( )
10
Mark]
Now, let the time when the number of bacteria increases from 100000 to 200000 be 𝑡1 .
⇒ 𝑦 = 2𝑦0 at 𝑡 = 𝑡1
From equation (4), we get:

𝑦
2 log ( ) 2log2
𝑦0
𝑡1 = =
11 11
log (10) log (10)
2log2
Hence, in 11 hours the number of bacteria increases from 100000 to 200000. [1
log( )
10
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
23. The general solution of the differential equation = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 is [2
𝑑𝑥
Marks]
(A) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦 = C
(B) 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = C
(C) 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 = C
(D) 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦 = C
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥+𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒𝑦
⇒ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
47
∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [1
Mark]
⇒ −𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑘
⇒ 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦 = −𝑘
⇒ 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝑐 … (𝑐 = −𝑘)
Therefore, the general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝑐 … (𝑐 = −𝑘)
Hence, the correct answer is A. [1

Mark]
Exercise 9.5
In each of the Exercises 1 to 10, show that the given differential equation is homogeneous
and solve each of them.
1. (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
[6 Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
It can be written as =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑦
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑦
(𝜆𝑥)2 +(𝜆𝑦)2 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
Now, 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = (𝜆𝑥)2+(𝜆𝑥)(𝜆𝑦) = 𝑥 2 +𝑥𝑦 = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
This shows that the given equation is a homogeneous equation. [1

Mark]
To solve it, we make the substitution as:
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of v and 𝑑𝑥 in the given equation, we get:
48
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 +(𝑣𝑥)2
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +𝑥(𝑣𝑥) [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣 1 + 𝑣 2
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 + 𝑣 2 (1 + 𝑣 2 ) − 𝑣(1 + 𝑣)
⇒𝑥 = −𝑣 =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑣 1+𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 − 𝑣
⇒𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑣
1+𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒( ) = 𝑑𝑣 =
1−𝑣 𝑥
2−1+𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒( ) 𝑑𝑣 =
1−𝑣 𝑥
2 𝑑𝑥
⇒ (1−𝑣 − 1) 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]
−2 log(1 − 𝑣) − 𝑣 = log𝑥 − log𝑘

⇒ 𝑣 = −2 log(1 − 𝑣) − log𝑥 + log𝑘
𝑘
⇒ 𝑣 = log [ ]
𝑥(1 − 𝑣)2
𝑦 𝑘
⇒ = log [ ]
𝑥 𝑦 2
𝑥 (1 − 𝑥 )
𝑦 𝑘𝑥
⇒ = log [ ]
𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑦)2
𝑘𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = 𝑒 𝑥
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2
𝑦
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑘𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑦
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑘𝑥𝑒 𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑥+𝑦
2. 𝑦′ = 𝑥
[4
Marks]
49
Solution:
𝑥+𝑦
The given differential equation is 𝑦 ′ = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑥+𝑦
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = .
𝑥
𝜆𝑥+𝜆𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
Now, 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = 𝜆𝑥
= 𝑥
= 𝜆0 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
Thus, the given equation is a homogeneous equation. [1

Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
=𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of 𝑦 and 𝑑𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥
𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =1+𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
𝑥 =1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[2
Marks]
𝑣 = log𝑥 + C
𝑦
⇒ = log𝑥 + C
𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑥log𝑥 + C𝑥
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 𝑥log𝑥 + C𝑥 [1
Mark]
3. (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0
[4 Marks]
50
Solution:
Given differential equation is (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 − (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑦
𝑥+𝑦
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) =
𝑥−𝑦
𝜆𝑥 + 𝜆𝑦 𝑥 + 𝑦
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑥 − 𝜆𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑦
Thus, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. [1
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 (𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
51
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of 𝑦 and 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 + 𝑣𝑥 1 + 𝑣
𝑣+𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑣𝑥 1 − 𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1+𝑣 1+𝑣−𝑣(1−𝑣)
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1−𝑣 − 𝑣 = 1−𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 + 𝑣 2
⇒𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑣
1−𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 2
𝑑𝑣 =
(1 + 𝑣 ) 𝑥
1 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ (1+𝑣2 − 1−𝑣2 ) 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]

1
tan−1 𝑣 − log(1 + 𝑣 2 ) = log𝑥 + 𝐶
2
𝑦 1 𝑦 2
⇒ tan−1 ( ) − log [1 + ( ) ] = log𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 2 𝑥
𝑦 1 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
⇒ tan−1 ( ) − log ( ) = log𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 2 𝑥2
𝑦 1
⇒ tan−1 ( ) − [log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − log𝑥 2 ] = log𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑥 2
𝑦 1
⇒ tan−1 ( ) = log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + C
𝑥 2
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is
𝑦 1
tan−1 (𝑥 ) = 2 log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + C [2
Marks]
4. (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0 [4
Marks]
Solution:
The given differential equation is (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 −(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥𝑦
−(𝑥 2 −𝑦2 )
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦
52
(𝜆𝑥)2 − (𝜆𝑦)2 −(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )

∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = [ ]= = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
2(𝜆𝑥)(𝜆𝑦) 2𝑥𝑦
Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation. [1

Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ = 𝑣+𝑥 [1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of 𝑦 and
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 − (𝑣𝑥)2
𝑣+𝑥 = −[ ]
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 · (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 2 − 1
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 2 − 1 𝑣 2 − 1 − 2𝑣 2
⇒𝑥 = −𝑣 =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑣 2𝑣
𝑑𝑣 (1 + 𝑣 2 )
⇒𝑥 =−
𝑑𝑥 2𝑣
2𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑣 =− [1
1+𝑣 2 𝑥
Mark]

𝐶
log(1 + 𝑣 2 ) = −log𝑥 + log𝐶 = log
𝑥
𝐶
⇒ 1 + 𝑣2 =
𝑥
𝑦2 𝐶
⇒ [1 + 2
]=
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶𝑥
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶𝑥 [1

Mark]
𝑑𝑦
5. 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 [4
Marks]
53
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 2 − 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦
= … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑥 2 −2𝑦 2 +𝑥𝑦
𝑥2
(𝜆𝑥)2 −2(𝜆𝑦)2 +(𝜆𝑥)(𝜆𝑦) 𝑥 2 −2𝑦 2 +𝑥𝑦

∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = (𝜆𝑥)2
= 𝑥2
= 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) [1
Mark]
Therefore, the given differential equation is a homogeneous equation.

𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ = 𝑣+𝑥 [1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 2 − 2(𝑣𝑥)2 + 𝑥 · (𝑣𝑥)
𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑣+𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑣 2 + 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑣 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 2
=
1 − 2𝑣 𝑥
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ · =
2 1 − 𝑣2 𝑥
2
1 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒2·[ 1 2
]= 𝑥
[1
( ) −𝑣 2
√2
Mark]

1
+𝑣
1 1 √2
· log | | = log|𝑥| + 𝐶
2 2× 1 √2 − 𝑣
√2
1 𝑦
+𝑥
1 √2
⇒ log | | = log|𝑥| + C
2√2 1 𝑦
−𝑥
√2
54
1 𝑥+√2𝑦
⇒2 log |𝑥− 2𝑦| = log|𝑥| + C [1
√2 √
Mark]
1 𝑥+√2𝑦
Hence, the required solution for the given differential equation is 2 log |𝑥− 2𝑦| = log|𝑥| +
√2 √
C
6. 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 [4
Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑥𝑑𝑦 − 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = [𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
= … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
𝑦+√𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = .
𝑥2
𝜆𝑥 + √(𝜆𝑥)2 + (𝜆𝑦)2 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of 𝑣 and 𝑑𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + (𝑣𝑥)2
𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑣+𝑥 = 𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ = [1
√1+𝑣 2 𝑥
Mark]
55
log |𝑣 + √1 + 𝑣 2 | = log|𝑥| + logC
𝑦 𝑦2
⇒ log | + √1 + 2 | = log|C𝑥|
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
⇒ log | | = log|C𝑥|
𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = C𝑥 2
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = C𝑥 2 [1

Mark]
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
7. {𝑥cos (𝑥 ) + 𝑦sin (𝑥 )} 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = {𝑦sin (𝑥 ) − 𝑥cos (𝑥 )} 𝑥𝑑𝑦 [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑦 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
Given differential equation is {𝑥cos (𝑥 ) + 𝑦sin (𝑥 )} 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = {𝑦sin (𝑥 ) − 𝑥cos (𝑥 )} 𝑥𝑑𝑦
𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 {𝑥cos (𝑥 ) + 𝑦sin (𝑥 )} 𝑦
= … (1)
𝑑𝑥 {𝑦sin (𝑦) − 𝑥cos (𝑦)} 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
{𝑥cos( )+𝑦sin( )}𝑦
𝑥 𝑥
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦 𝑦
{𝑦sin( )−𝑥cos( )}𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝜆𝑦 𝜆𝑦
{𝜆𝑥cos ( ) + 𝜆𝑦sin ( )} 𝜆𝑦
𝜆𝑥 𝜆𝑥
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) =
𝜆𝑦 𝜆𝑦
{𝜆𝑦sin (𝜆𝑥 ) − 𝜆𝑥sin (𝜆𝑥 )} 𝜆𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
{𝑥cos (𝑥 ) + 𝑦sin (𝑥 )} 𝑦
= 𝑦 𝑦
{𝑦sin (𝑥 ) − 𝑥cos (𝑥 )} 𝑥
= 𝜆0 ⋅ 𝐹(𝐹, 𝑦)
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
56
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of y and 𝑑𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
𝑑𝑣 (𝑥cos𝑣+𝑣𝑥sin𝑣)·𝑣𝑥
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑣𝑥sin𝑣−𝑥cos𝑣)·𝑥
[1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣 𝑣cos𝑣 + 𝑣 2 sin𝑣
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣sin𝑣 − cos𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑣cos𝑣 + 𝑣 2 sin𝑣
⇒𝑥 = −𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑣cos𝑣 + 𝑣 2 sin𝑣 − 𝑣 2 sin𝑣 + 𝑣cos𝑣
⇒𝑥 =
𝑑𝑣 2𝑣cos𝑣
⇒𝑥 =
𝑣sin𝑣 − cos𝑣 2𝑑𝑥
⇒[ ] 𝑑𝑣 =
𝑣cos𝑣 𝑥
1 2𝑑𝑥
⇒ (tan 𝑣 − 𝑣) 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]
log(sec𝑣) − log𝑣 = 2log𝑥 + log𝐶

sec𝑣
⇒ log ( ) = log(C𝑥 2 )
𝑣
sec𝑣
⇒( ) = C𝑥 2
𝑣
⇒ sec𝑣 = C𝑥 2 𝑣
𝑦 𝑦
⇒ sec ( ) = C · 𝑥 2 ·
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
⇒ sec ( ) = C𝑥𝑦
𝑥
𝑦 1 1 1
⇒ cos ( ) = = ·
𝑥 C𝑥𝑦 C 𝑥𝑦
𝑦 1
⇒ 𝑥𝑦cos ( ) = 𝑘 (𝑘 = )
𝑥 𝐶
𝑦
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥𝑦cos (𝑥 ) = 𝑘. [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
8. 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑥sin ( ) = 0 [4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Marks]
57
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Give differential equation is 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑥sin (𝑥 ) = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
⇒𝑥 = 𝑦 − 𝑥sin ( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 − 𝑥sin (𝑥 )
⇒ = . . (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
𝑦−𝑥sin( )
𝑥
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥
𝜆𝑦
𝜆𝑦 − 𝜆𝑥sin ( ) 𝑦 − 𝑥sin (𝑦)
𝜆𝑥 𝑥 = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = =
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
Mark]

𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of y and 𝑑𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑥−𝑥sin𝑣
𝑣+𝑥 = [1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Mark]
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑣+𝑥 = 𝑣 − sin𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒− =
sin𝑣 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⇒ cosec 𝑣 𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑥
[1
Mark]

𝐶
log|cosec𝑣 − cot𝑣| = −log𝑥 + log𝐶 = log
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦 𝐶
⇒ cosec ( ) − cot ( ) =
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
1 cos (𝑥 ) 𝐶
⇒ 𝑦 − 𝑦 =
sin (𝑥 ) sin (𝑥 ) 𝑥
58
𝑦 𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 [1 − cos ( )] = 𝐶sin ( )
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥 [1 − cos (𝑥 )] =
𝑦
𝐶sin ( )[1 Mark]
𝑥
𝑦
9. 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥log ( ) 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0 [6
𝑥
Marks]
Solution:
𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥log ( ) 𝑑𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥
𝑦
⇒ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = [2𝑥 − 𝑥log ( )] 𝑑𝑦
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 − 𝑥log (𝑦)
𝑥
𝑦
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦
2𝑥−𝑥log( )
𝑥
𝜆𝑦 𝑦 0
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = 𝑦 = 𝜆 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑦 2𝑥 − log (𝑥 )
2(𝜆𝑥) − (𝜆𝑥) log ( )
𝜆𝑥
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
⇒ = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑥
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑥−𝑥 log 𝑦 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣 𝑣
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2 − log𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑣
⇒𝑥 = −𝑣
59
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 2𝑣 + 𝑣log𝑣
⇒𝑥 =
𝑑𝑣 𝑣log𝑣 − 𝑣
⇒𝑥 =
2 − log𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑣 =
𝑣(log𝑣 − 1) 𝑥
1 + (1 − log𝑣) 𝑑𝑥
⇒[ ] 𝑑𝑣 =
𝑣(log𝑣 − 1) 𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑥
⇒ [𝑣(log𝑣−1) − 𝑣] 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]

1 1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑣 − ∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑣(log𝑣 − 1) 𝑣 𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⇒∫ − log𝑣 = log𝑥 + log𝐶 … (2)
𝑣(log𝑣 − 1)
⇒ Let log𝑣 − 1 = 𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
⇒ (log𝑣 − 1) =
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
1 𝑑𝑡
⇒ =
𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑣
⇒ 𝑣
= 𝑑𝑡 [1
Mark]

𝑑𝑡
⇒∫ − log𝑣 = log𝑥 + logC
𝑡
𝑦
⇒ log𝑡 − log ( ) = log(C𝑥)
𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
⇒ log [log ( ) − 1] − log ( ) = log(C𝑥)
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
log (𝑥 ) − 1
⇒ log [ 𝑦 ] = log(C𝑥)
𝑥
𝑥 𝑦
⇒ [log ( ) − 1] = C𝑥
𝑦 𝑥
𝑦
⇒ log ( ) − 1 = C𝑦
𝑥
𝑦
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is log (𝑥 ) − 1 = C𝑦 [2
Marks]
60
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
10. (1 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0 [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥
Given differential equation is (1 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
⇒ (1 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑒 𝑦 (1 − ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦
𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑥 −𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦)
⇒ = 𝑥 … (1)
𝑑𝑦
1 + 𝑒𝑦
𝑥
𝑥
−𝑒 𝑦 (1− )
𝑦
1+𝑒 𝑦
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
−𝑒 𝜆𝑦 (1 − ) −𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦)
𝜆𝑦
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = 𝜆𝑥
= 𝑥 = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
1+ 𝑒 𝜆𝑦 1+ 𝑒𝑦
Mark]
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑥) = (𝑣𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Substituting the values of 𝑥 and
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 −𝑒 𝑣 (1−𝑣)
𝑣 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 1+𝑒 𝑣
[1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣 −𝑒 𝑣 + 𝑣𝑒 𝑣
⇒𝑦 = −𝑣
𝑑𝑦 1 + 𝑒𝑣
𝑑𝑣 −𝑒 𝑣 + 𝑣𝑒 𝑣 − 𝑣 − 𝑣𝑒 𝑣
⇒𝑦 =
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 + 𝑒𝑣
⇒𝑦 = −[ ]
61
1+𝑒 𝑣 𝑑𝑦
⇒ [𝑣+𝑒 𝑣 ] 𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑦
[1
Mark]

𝐶
⇒ log(𝑣 + 𝑒 𝑣 ) = −log𝑦 + log𝐶 = log ( )
𝑦
𝑥 𝑥 𝐶
⇒ [ + 𝑒𝑦] =
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 = 𝐶
𝑥
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 = 𝐶 [1
Mark]
For each of the differential equations in Exercises from 11 to 15, find the particular solution
satisfying the given condition:
11. (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 1 [6

Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
⇒ (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = −(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 −(𝑥 − 𝑦)
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
−(𝑥−𝑦)
𝑥+𝑦
−(𝜆𝑥 − 𝜆𝑦) −(𝑥 − 𝑦)

∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑥 − 𝜆𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
62
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 −(𝑥−𝑣𝑥)
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥+𝑣𝑥
[1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 1
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 + 1
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 1 𝑣 − 1 − 𝑣(𝑣 + 1)
⇒𝑥 = −𝑣 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 + 1 𝑣+1
𝑑𝑣 𝑣 − 1 − 𝑣 2 − 𝑣 −(1 + 𝑣 2 )
⇒𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣+1 𝑣+1
(𝑣 + 1) 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 2
𝑑𝑣 = −
1+𝑣 𝑥
𝑣 1 𝑑𝑥
⇒ [1+𝑣 2 + 1+𝑣 2 ] 𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑥
[1
Mark]

1
log(1 + 𝑣 2 ) + tan−1 𝑣 = −log𝑥 + 𝑘
2
⇒ log(1 + 𝑣 2 ) + 2tan−1 𝑣 = −2log𝑥 + 2𝑘
⇒ log[(1 + 𝑣 2 ) · 𝑥 2 ] + 2tan−1 𝑣 = 2𝑘
𝑦2 𝑦
⇒ log [(1 + 2 ) · 𝑥 2 ] + 2tan−1 = 2𝑘
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
⇒ log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 2tan−1 = 2𝑘 … (2) [1
𝑥
Mark]
Now, 𝑦 = 1 at 𝑥 = 1
⇒ log2 + 2tan−1 1 = 2𝑘
𝜋
⇒ log2 + 2 × = 2𝑘
4
𝜋
⇒ 2 + log2 = 2𝑘 [1
Mark]
Substituting the value of 2𝑘 in equation (2), we get:

𝑦 𝜋
log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + 2tan−1 ( ) = + log2
𝑥 2
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is log(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) +
𝑦 𝜋
2tan−1 (𝑥 ) = 2 + log2
[1 Mark]
63
12. 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 1 [6

Marks]
Solution:
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 0
⇒ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦 = −(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2
−(𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2 )
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥2
[𝜆𝑥 · 𝜆𝑦 + (𝜆𝑦)2 ] −(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )

∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
(𝜆𝑥)2 𝑥2
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of 𝑦 and
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 −[𝑥·𝑣𝑥+(𝑣𝑥)2 ]
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥2
= −𝑣 − 𝑣 2 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑥 = −𝑣 2 − 2𝑣 = −𝑣(𝑣 + 2)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ =−
𝑣(𝑣 + 2) 𝑥
1 (𝑣 + 2) − 𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ [ ] 𝑑𝑣 = −
2 𝑣(𝑣 + 2) 𝑥
1 1 1 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 2 [𝑣 − 𝑣+2]𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑥
[1
Mark]

1
[log𝑣 − log(𝑣 + 2)] = −log𝑥 + logC
2
64
1 𝑣 C
⇒ log ( ) = log
2 𝑣+2 𝑥
𝑣 C 2
⇒ =( )
𝑣+2 𝑥
𝑦
C 2
⇒ 𝑦𝑥 =( )
𝑥
𝑥+2
𝑦 C2
⇒ = 2
𝑦 + 2𝑥 𝑥
𝑥2𝑦
⇒ 𝑦+2𝑥 = C2 … (2) [1
Mark]
Now, 𝑦 = 1 at 𝑥 = 1
1
⇒ = C2
1+2
1
⇒ C2 = 3 [1
Mark]
1
Substituting 𝐶 2 = 3
𝑥2𝑦 1
=
𝑦 + 2𝑥 3
⇒ 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 + 2𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 𝑦 [1

Mark]
𝑥 𝜋
13. [𝑥sin2 (𝑦 − 𝑦)] 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑦 4 when 𝑥 = 1 [6
Marks]
Solution:
𝑦
Given differential equation is [𝑥sin2 (𝑥 ) − 𝑦] 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0
2 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 − [𝑥sin (𝑥 ) − 𝑦]
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
−[𝑥sin2 ( )−𝑦]
𝑥
65
𝜆𝑥 𝑦
− [𝜆𝑥 · sin2 ( ) − 𝜆𝑦] − [𝑥sin2 ( ) − 𝑦]
𝜆𝑦 𝑥
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝜆𝑥 𝑥
Mark]
To solve this differential equation, we make the substitution as:
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣 −[𝑥sin2 𝑣−𝑣𝑥]
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑣+𝑥 = −[sin2 𝑣 − 𝑣] = 𝑣 − sin2 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⇒𝑥 = −sin2 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
⇒ = −sin2 𝑣
sin2 𝑣
𝑑𝑥
⇒ cosec 2 𝑣𝑑𝑣 = − 𝑥
[1
Mark]
−cot𝑣 = − log|𝑥| − 𝐶
⇒ cot𝑣 = log|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑦
⇒ cot ( ) = log|𝑥| + log𝐶
𝑥
𝑦
⇒ cot ( ) = log|C𝑥| … (2)
𝑥
𝜋
Now, 𝑦 = 4
at 𝑥 = 1
𝜋
⇒ cot ( ) = log|C|
4
⇒ 1 = logC
⇒ C = 𝑒1 = 𝑒 [2
Marks]
Substituting 𝐶 = 𝑒 in equation (2), we get:
66
𝑦
cot ( ) = log|𝑒𝑥|
𝑥
𝑦
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is cot (𝑥 ) = log|𝑒𝑥| [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
14. 𝑑𝑥
− 𝑥 + cosec (𝑥 ) = 0; 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 1 [6
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥 + cosec (𝑥 ) = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
⇒ = − cosec ( ) … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 − cosec (𝑥 )
𝜆𝑦 𝜆𝑦
∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = − cosec ( )
𝜆𝑥 𝜆𝑥
𝑦 𝑦
⇒ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = − cosec ( ) = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑥 𝑥
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣
𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 − cosec𝑣 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒− =−
cosec𝑣 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
⇒ −sin𝑣𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]
67
cos𝑣 = log𝑥 + logC = log|C𝑥|

𝑦
⇒ cos (𝑥 ) = log|C𝑥| … (2) [1
Mark]
This is the required solution of the given differential equation.
Now, 𝑦 = 0 at 𝑥 = 1.
⇒ cos(0) = logC
⇒ 1 = logC
⇒ C = 𝑒1 = 𝑒 [1
Mark]
Substituting 𝐶 = 𝑒 in equation (2), we get:

𝑦
cos ( ) = log|(𝑒𝑥)|
𝑥
𝑦
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is cos (𝑥 ) = log|(𝑒𝑥)| [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
15. 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑦 = 2 when 𝑥 = 1 [6
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 2𝑥 2 = 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2
2𝑥𝑦+𝑦 2
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2
2(𝜆𝑥)(𝜆𝑦) + (𝜆𝑦)2 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

∴ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) = = = 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
2(𝜆𝑥)2 2𝑥 2
Mark]
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
68
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ =𝑣+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the value of 𝑦 and 𝑑𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
𝑑𝑣 2𝑥(𝑣𝑥)+(𝑣𝑥)2
𝑣+𝑥 = [1
𝑑𝑥 2𝑥 2
Mark]
𝑑𝑣 2𝑣 + 𝑣 2
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣 𝑣2
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =𝑣+
𝑑𝑥 2
2 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑣 2 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]
𝑣 −2+1
2· = log|𝑥| + C
−2 + 1
2
⇒− = log|𝑥| + C
𝑣
2
⇒ − 𝑦 = log|𝑥| + C
𝑥
2𝑥
⇒− = log|𝑥| + C …(2) [1
𝑦
Mark]
Now, 𝑦 = 2 at 𝑥 = 1
⇒ −1 = log(1) + 𝐶
⇒ 𝐶 = −1 [1
Mark]
Substituting 𝐶 = −1 in equation (2), we get:

2𝑥
− = log|𝑥| − 1
𝑦
2𝑥
⇒ = 1 − log|𝑥|
𝑦
2𝑥
⇒𝑦= , (𝑥 ≠ 0, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑒)
1 − log|𝑥|
2𝑥
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = 1−log|𝑥| [1
Mark]
69
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
16. A homogeneous differential equation of the form = ℎ ( ) can be solved by making
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
the substitution.
[1 Mark]
(A) 𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
(B) 𝑣 = 𝑦𝑥
(C) 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦
(D) 𝑥 = 𝑣
Solution:
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
For solving the homogeneous equation of the form = ℎ ( ), we need to make the
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
substitution as
𝑥 = 𝑣𝑦.
Hence, the correct answer is C. [1
Mark]
17. Which of the following is a homogeneous differential equation? [2

Marks]
(A) (4𝑥 + 6𝑦 + 5)𝑑𝑦 − (3𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 4)𝑑𝑥 = 0
(B) (𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
(C) (𝑥 3 + 2𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
(D) 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
Solution:
Function 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) is said to be the homogenous function of degree n, if 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) =
𝜆𝑛 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) for any non-zero constant (𝜆).
Consider the equation given in alternative D:
𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑦 −𝑦 2 𝑦2
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 −𝑥𝑦−𝑦2 = 𝑦2 +𝑥𝑦−𝑥 2 [1
Mark]
𝑦2
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑦2 +𝑥𝑦−𝑥2
70
(𝜆𝑦)2
⇒ 𝐹(𝜆𝑥, 𝜆𝑦) =
(𝜆𝑦)2 + (𝜆𝑥)(𝜆𝑦) − (𝜆𝑥)2
𝜆2 𝑦 2
=
𝜆2 (𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )
𝑦2
== 𝜆0 ( )
𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2
= 𝜆0 · 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)
Hence, the differential equation given in alternative D is a homogenous equation. [1

Mark]
Exercise 9.6
For each of the differential equations given in Exercises 1 to 12, find the general solution:
𝑑𝑦
1. 𝑑𝑥
+ 2𝑦 = sin𝑥 [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is + 2𝑦 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
This is in the form of 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑃 = 2 and 𝑄 = sin 𝑥)
Now,=𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥
The solution of the given differential equation is given by the relation,
𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫(𝑄 × 𝐼. 𝐹. ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = ∫ sin 𝑥 · 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + C … (1) [1
Mark]
Let 𝐼 = ∫ sin 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 2𝑥 .
𝑑
⇒ 𝐼 = sin𝑥 · ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ ( (sin𝑥) · ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥
⇒ 𝐼 = sin𝑥 · − ∫ (cos𝑥 · ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑒 2𝑥 sin𝑥 1 𝑑
⇒𝐼= − [cos𝑥 · ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 − ∫ ( (cos𝑥) · ∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]
2 2 𝑑𝑥
71
𝑒 2𝑥 sin𝑥 1 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥
⇒𝐼= − [cos𝑥 · − ∫ [(−sin𝑥) · ] 𝑑𝑥]
2 2 2 2
𝑒 2𝑥 sin𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 cos𝑥 1
⇒𝐼= − − ∫(sin𝑥 · 𝑒 2𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2 4 4
𝑒 2𝑥 1
⇒𝐼= (2sin𝑥 − cos𝑥) − 𝐼
4 4
5 𝑒 2𝑥
⇒ 𝐼= (2sin𝑥 − cos𝑥)
4 4
𝑒 2𝑥
⇒𝐼= (2sin𝑥 − cos𝑥) [2
5
Marks]
𝑒 2𝑥
𝑦𝑒 2𝑥 = (2sin𝑥 − cos𝑥) + C
5
1
⇒ 𝑦 = (2sin𝑥 − cos𝑥) + C𝑒 −2𝑥
5
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is
1
𝑦 = 5 (2sin𝑥 − cos𝑥) + C𝑒 −2𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
2. + 3𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 [2
𝑑𝑥
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is + 3𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
This is in the form of 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑃 = 3 and 𝑄 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 )
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 3𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 3𝑥 [1

Mark]
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 3𝑥 = ∫(𝑒 −2𝑥 × 𝑒 3𝑥 ) + C
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 3𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + C
72
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 3𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 + Ce−3𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒 −2𝑥 + Ce−3𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
3. + = 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
[2 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
The given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 = 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 1
This is in the form of + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑃 = and 𝑄 = 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 log 𝑥 = 𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(𝑥) = ∫(𝑥 2 · 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 = ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + C
𝑥4
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 = +C
4
𝑥4
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥𝑦 = +C [1
4
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
4. 𝑑𝑥
+ sec 𝑥𝑦 = tan 𝑥 (0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 ) [2
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
The given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 + sec 𝑥𝑦 = tan 𝑥 (0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 )
73
𝑑𝑦
This is in the form of 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑃 = sec 𝑥 and 𝑄 = tan 𝑥)
Now 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ sec𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 log(sec𝑥+tan𝑥) = sec𝑥 + tan𝑥 [1

Mark]
The general solution of the given differential equation is given by the relation,
𝑦(IF) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(sec𝑥 + tan𝑥) = ∫ tan 𝑥(sec𝑥 + tan𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(sec𝑥 + tan𝑥) = ∫ sec 𝑥tan𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ tan2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(sec𝑥 + tan𝑥) = sec𝑥 + ∫(sec 2 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(sec𝑥 + tan𝑥) = sec𝑥 + tan𝑥 − 𝑥 + C

Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦(sec𝑥 + tan𝑥) =
sec𝑥 + tan𝑥 − 𝑥 + C
[1 Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
5. cos2 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = tan 𝑥 (0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 )
[4 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is cos2 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = tan 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 tan 𝑥
⇒ + =
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
2
𝑑𝑦
⇒ + 𝑦 sec 2 𝑥 = tan 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
This is in the form of + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑃 = sec 2 𝑥 and 𝑄 = tan 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
Now, I. F = e∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥·𝑑𝑥
I.F = e∫ sec
I.F. = etan𝑥 [1
Mark]
Solution of the given equation is 𝑦 × I. F. = ∫ 𝑄 × I. F × 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 · 𝑒 tan𝑥 = ∫ sec 2 𝑥 · tan𝑥 · 𝑒 tan𝑥 · 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶 ….. (1)
74
Let 𝐼 = ∫ sec 2 𝑥 · tan𝑥 · 𝑒 tan𝑥 · 𝑑𝑥
Putting 𝑡 = tan𝑥
⇒ sec 2 𝑥 · 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 [1
Mark]
I = ∫ tan𝑥 · etan𝑥 · (sec 2 𝑥 · 𝑑𝑥)

⇒ I = ∫ 𝑡 · 𝑒 𝑡 · 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
⇒ I = t∫ 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ [𝑑𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡] 𝑑𝑡
⇒ I = t · et − ∫ et 𝑑𝑡 [1
⇒ I = 𝑡et − et
Mark]
Putting 𝑡 = tan 𝑥, we get
𝐼 = tan𝑥 · 𝑒 tan𝑥 − 𝑒 tan𝑥

⇒ 𝐼 = 𝑒 tan𝑥 (tan𝑥 − 1)
Substituting value of 𝐼 in (1), we get
𝑦𝑒 tan𝑥 = 𝑒 tan𝑥 (tan𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑦 = (tan𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶. 𝑒 −tan𝑥 [1
Mark]
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = (tan𝑥 − 1) +
𝐶. 𝑒 −tan𝑥
𝑑𝑦
6. 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 log𝑥
[4 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 𝑥 2 log𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2
⇒ + 𝑦 = 𝑥log𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
This equation is in the form of a linear differential equation as:
𝑑𝑦 2
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = and 𝑥 log 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
2 2
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2 log 𝑥 = 𝑒 log𝑥 = 𝑥 2 [1
Mark]
75
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦 · 𝑥 2 = ∫(𝑥log𝑥 · 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑥 2 𝑦 = ∫(𝑥 3 log𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C
𝑑
⇒ 𝑥 2 𝑦 = log𝑥 · ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ (log𝑥) · ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥] 𝑑𝑥 +C [1
𝑑𝑥
Mark]
𝑥4 1 𝑥4
⇒ 𝑥 2 𝑦 = log𝑥 · − ∫ ( · ) 𝑑𝑥 + C
4 𝑥 4
𝑥 4 log𝑥 1
⇒ 𝑥2𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 + C
4 4
𝑥 4 log𝑥 1 𝑥4
⇒ 𝑥2𝑦 = 4
−4·4
+C [1
Mark]
1 4
⇒ 𝑥2𝑦 = 𝑥 (4log𝑥 − 1) + C
16
1 2
⇒𝑦= 𝑥 (4log𝑥 − 1) + C𝑥 −2
16
1
𝑦 = 16 𝑥 2 (4log𝑥 − 1) + C𝑥 −2 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 2
7. 𝑥log𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 log𝑥 [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 2
The given differential equation is 𝑥log𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑥 log𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2
⇒ + = 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥log𝑥 𝑥
This equation is the form of a linear differential equation as:
𝑑𝑦 1 2
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = and 𝑄 = 2 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥log𝑥 𝑥
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹. = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥log = 𝑒 log(log𝑥) = log𝑥 [1
Mark]
76
𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫ (Q × I.F.)𝑑𝑥 + C
2
⇒ 𝑦log𝑥 = ∫ ( 2 log𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C … (1)
𝑥
2 1
Now, ∫ (𝑥 2 log𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫ (log𝑥 · 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 𝑑 1
= 2 [log𝑥 · ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ {𝑑𝑥 (log𝑥) · ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥} 𝑑𝑥] [1
Mark]
1 1 1
= 2 [log𝑥 (− ) − ∫ ( · (− )) 𝑑𝑥]
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
log𝑥 1
= 2 [− + ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥]
𝑥 𝑥
log𝑥 1
= 2 [− − ]
𝑥 𝑥
2
= − (1 + log𝑥) [1
𝑥
Mark]
2
Substituting the value of ∫ (𝑥 2 log 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
2
𝑦log𝑥 = − (1 + log𝑥) + 𝐶
𝑥
2
𝑦log𝑥 = − 𝑥 (1 + log𝑥) + 𝐶 [1
Mark]
8. (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = cot𝑥𝑑𝑥(𝑥 ≠ 0) [4

Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥 = cot𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 cot𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + 1+𝑥 2 = 1+𝑥2 [1
Mark]
This equation is a linear differential equation of the form:

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 cot 𝑥
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = 2
and 𝑄 = )
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
77
2𝑥 2)
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫1+𝑥2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 log(1+𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥2 [1
Mark]
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
cot𝑥
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = ∫ [ × (1 + 𝑥 2 )] 𝑑𝑥 + C
1 + 𝑥2
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = ∫ cot 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = log|sin𝑥| + C
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = log|sin𝑥| + C [2
Marks]
𝑑𝑦
9. 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦cot𝑥 = 0(𝑥 ≠ 0) [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦cot𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
⇒𝑥 + 𝑦(1 + 𝑥cot𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + cot𝑥) 𝑦 = 1 [1
Mark]
This equation is a linear differential equation of the form:

𝑑𝑦 1 cot 𝑥
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = + cot𝑥 and 𝑄 = )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2)
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫1+𝑥2 = 𝑒 ∫ log(1+𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥2 [1
Mark]
𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
cot𝑥
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = ∫ [ × (1 + 𝑥 2 )] 𝑑𝑥 + C
1 + 𝑥2
78
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = ∫ cot 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = log|sin𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = log|sin𝑥| + 𝐶 [2
Marks]
𝑑𝑦
10. 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦cot𝑥 = 0(𝑥 ≠ 0) [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 − 𝑥 + 𝑥𝑦cot𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
⇒𝑥 + 𝑦(1 + 𝑥cot𝑥) = 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 + cot𝑥) 𝑦 = 1 [1
Mark]
The equation is a linear differential equation of the form:

𝑑𝑦 1
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = cot 𝑥 and 𝑄 = 1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
1
+cot 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫(𝑥 = 𝑒 log 𝑥+log(sin 𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ log(𝑥 sin 𝑥) = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑦(𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(𝑥sin𝑥) = ∫(1 × 𝑥sin𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(𝑥sin𝑥) = ∫(𝑥sin𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C
𝑑
⇒ 𝑦(𝑥sin𝑥) = 𝑥 ∫ sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ (𝑥) · ∫ sin𝑥 𝑑𝑥] + C
𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦(𝑥sin𝑥) = 𝑥(−cos𝑥) − ∫ 1 · (−cos𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(𝑥sin𝑥) = −𝑥cos𝑥 + sin𝑥 + C

−𝑥cos𝑥 sin𝑥 C
⇒𝑦= + +
𝑥sin𝑥 𝑥sin𝑥 𝑥sin𝑥
79
1 C
⇒ 𝑦 = −cot · 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑥sin𝑥 [2
Marks]
1
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = −cot · 𝑥 + +
𝑥
C
𝑥sin𝑥
𝑑𝑦
11. (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 = 1 [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦 1
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
⇒ =𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
⇒ −𝑥 =𝑦
𝑑𝑦
This is a linear differential equation of the form:
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = −1 and 𝑄 = 𝑦)
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 ∫ −𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑦 . [2

Marks]
𝑥(𝐼. 𝐹. ) = ∫(𝑄 × I.F.) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑦 = ∫(𝑦 · 𝑒 −𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑑
⇒ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝑦 · ∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 − ∫ [ (𝑦) ∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦] 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑦 = 𝑦(−𝑒 −𝑦 ) − ∫(−𝑒 −𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑦 = −𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 + ∫ 𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑦 = −𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 − 𝑒 −𝑦 + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑥 = −𝑦 − 1 + C𝑒 𝑦
80
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = C𝑒 𝑦 [2
Marks]
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = C𝑒 𝑦
12. 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0 [4

Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
⇒ 𝑦𝑑𝑥 = (𝑦 2 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 𝑥
⇒ = =𝑦−
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦 = 𝑦 [1
Mark]

𝑑𝑦 1
+ 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = and 𝑄 = 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 𝑦
1
∫ 𝑑𝑦
Now 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 log𝑦 = 𝑦. [1
Mark]
𝑥(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑦 + C
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 = ∫ (𝑦 · 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 + C
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 = ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 + C
𝑦3
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 = +C
3
𝑦2 C
⇒𝑥= +
3 𝑦
𝑦2 C
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥 = 3
+𝑦 [2
Marks]
81
𝑑𝑦
13. (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦(𝑦 > 0) [4
𝑑𝑥
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is (𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 3𝑦 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 3𝑦 2 𝑥
⇒ = = + 3𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
⇒ − = 3𝑦 [1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Mark]

𝑑𝑥 1
+ 𝑝𝑥 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = − and 𝑄 = 3𝑦)
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑣 1
−∫ log( ) 1
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑒 − log 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑦. [1
Mark]
𝑥(I.F.) = ∫(Q × IF) 𝑑𝑦 + C
1 1
⇒𝑥× = ∫ (3𝑦 × ) 𝑑𝑦 + C
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥
⇒ = 3𝑦 + C
𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 = 3𝑦 2 + Cy
Hence, the required general solution of the given differential equation is 𝑥 = 3𝑦 2 + Cy [2

Marks]
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
14. 𝑑𝑥
+ 2𝑦 tan 𝑥 = sin 𝑥; 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 3
[4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 tan 𝑥 = sin 𝑥
82
This is a linear equation of the form:

𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄(where 𝑝 = 2 tan 𝑥 and 𝑄 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥)
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 2tan𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 2log|sec𝑥| = 𝑒 log(sec = sec 2 𝑥. [1
Mark]
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F, ) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦(sec 2 𝑥) = ∫(sin𝑥 · sec 2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦sec 2 𝑥 = ∫(sec𝑥 · tan𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦sec 2 𝑥 = sec𝑥 + C … (1) [1

Mark]
𝜋
Now, 𝑦 = 0 at 𝑥 = 3
Therefore,
𝜋 𝜋
0 × sec 2 = sec + C
3 3
⇒0=2+C
⇒ C = −2 [1
Mark]
𝑦sec 2 𝑥 = sec𝑥 − 2
⇒ 𝑦 = cos𝑥 − 2cos 2 𝑥
Hence, the required solution of the given differential equation is 𝑦 = cos 𝑥 − 2 cos 2 𝑥. [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 1
15. (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 1+𝑥2 ; 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 1 [4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 1
Given differential equation is (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦 = 1+𝑥2
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 1
⇒ + 2
=
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
83

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥 1
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = 2
and 𝑄 = )
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 (1 + 𝑥 2 )2
2𝑥𝑑𝑥
2)
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫1+𝑥2 = 𝑒 log(1+𝑥 = 1 + 𝑥2 [1
Mark]
𝑦(I.F) = ∫(Q × I.F) 𝑑𝑥 + C
1
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = ∫ [ · (1 + 𝑥 2 )] 𝑑𝑥 + C
(1 + 𝑥 2 )2
1
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
1 + 𝑥2
⇒ 𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = tan−1 𝑥 + 𝐶 … (1) [1
Mark]
Now, 𝑦 = 0 at 𝑥 = 1.
Therefore,
0 = tan−1 1 + C
𝜋
⇒C=− [1
4
Mark]
𝜋
Substituting 𝐶 = − 4 in equation (1), we get:
𝜋
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = tan−1 𝑥 −
4
𝜋
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = tan−1 𝑥 − [1
4
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
16. 𝑑𝑥
− 3𝑦cot𝑥 = sin2𝑥; 𝑦 = 2 when 𝑥 = 2
[4
Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is − 3𝑦cot𝑥 = sin2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
84
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = −3cot𝑥 and 𝑄 = sin 𝑥)
1
log| | 1
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −3 ∫ cot𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −3log|sin𝑥| = 𝑒 |sin3 𝑥 = sin3 𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫ (Q × I.F.)𝑑𝑥 + C
1 1
⇒ 𝑦 · sin3 𝑥 = ∫ [sin2𝑥 · sin3 𝑥] 𝑑𝑥 + C [1
Mark]
⇒ 𝑦cosec 3 𝑥 = 2 ∫(cot𝑥cosec𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦cosec 3 𝑥 = 2cosec𝑥 + 𝐶
2 3
⇒𝑦=− +
cosec 𝑥 cosec 3 𝑥
2
⇒ 𝑦 = −2sin2 𝑥 + Csin3 𝑥 … (1)

𝜋
Now, 𝑦 = 2 at 𝑥 = 2
Therefore, we get:
2 = −2 + C
⇒C=4 [1
Mark]
𝑦 = −2sin2 𝑥 + 4sin3 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = 4sin3 𝑥 − 2sin2 𝑥
Hence, the required particular solution of the given differential equation is
𝑦 = 4sin3 𝑥 − 2sin2 𝑥 [1
Mark]
17. Find the equation of a curve passing through the origin given that the slope of the
tangent to the curve at any point (𝑥, 𝑦) is equal to the sum of the coordinates of the
point. [4 Marks]
Solution:
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) be the curve passing through the origin.
𝑑𝑦
At point (𝑥, 𝑦), the slope of the curve will be 𝑑𝑥
85

𝑑𝑦
=𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ −𝑦 =𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = −1 and 𝑄 = 𝑥)
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫(−1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 . [1

Mark]
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + C … (1)
𝑑
Now, ∫ 𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [ (𝑥) · ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − ∫ −𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [1
Mark]
= −𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + (−𝑒 −𝑥 )
= −𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)
Substituting in equation (1), we get:
𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = −𝑒 −𝑥 (𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 1) + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑥 … (2) [1
Mark]
The curve passes through the origin.
1=𝐶
⇒𝐶=1
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝑒𝑥
Hence, the required equation of curve passing through the origin is 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝑒 𝑥 [1
Mark]
86
18. Find the equation of a curve passing through the point (0, 2) given that the sum of the
coordinates of any point on the curve exceeds the magnitude of the slope of the tangent
to the curve at that point by 5.
[4 Marks]
Solution:
Let 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) be the curve and let (𝑥, 𝑦) be a point on the curve. The slope of the tangent
𝑑𝑦
to the curve at (𝑥, 𝑦) is 𝑑𝑥 .

𝑑𝑦
+5=𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ −𝑦 =𝑥−5
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄(where 𝑝 = −1 and 𝑄 = 𝑥 − 5)
𝑑𝑥
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑘𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫(−1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑥 . [1
Mark]
The general equation of the curve is given by the relation,
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × IF) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦 · 𝑒 −𝑥 = ∫(𝑥 − 5) 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + C
𝑑
Now, ∫(𝑥 − 5) 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥 − 5) ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ [𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 − 5) · ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥 − 5)(−𝑒 −𝑥 ) − ∫(−𝑒 −𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 [1
Mark]
= (5 − 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 + (−𝑒 −𝑥 )
= (4 − 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥
𝑦𝑒 −𝑥 = (4 − 𝑥)𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝐶
⇒ 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑒 𝑥
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = 𝐶𝑒 𝑥 … (2) [1
Mark]
The curve passes through point (0, 2).
87
0 + 2– 4 = 𝐶𝑒 0
⇒– 2 = 𝐶
⇒ 𝐶 =– 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 − 4 = −2𝑒 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑥
Hence, the required equation of the curve is 𝑦 = 4 − 𝑥 − 2𝑒 𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
19. The integrating factor of the differential equation 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 is [2
Marks]
(A) 𝑒 −𝑥
(B) 𝑒 −𝑦
1
(C)
𝑥
(D) 𝑥
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
⇒ − = 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = − 𝑥 and 𝑄 = 2𝑥) [1
Mark]
The integrating factor (𝐼. 𝐹) is given by the relation,
𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥
1 −1 ) 1
∴ 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 −log𝑥 = 𝑒 log(𝑥 = 𝑥 −1 =
𝑥
Hence, the correct answer is C. [1
Mark]
88
20. The integrating factor of the differential equation.

𝑑𝑥
(1 − 𝑦 2 ) + 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦(−1 < 𝑦 < 1) [2
𝑑𝑦
Marks]
1
(A) 𝑦2 −1
1
(B)
√𝑦 2 −1
1
(C) 1−𝑦2
1
(D)
√1−𝑦 2
Solution:
𝑑𝑥
The given differential equation is (1 − 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 + 𝑦𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑥 𝑎𝑦
⇒ + 2
=
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑦 1 − 𝑦2
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑎𝑦
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄 (where 𝑝 = 1−𝑦2 and 𝑄 = 1−𝑦2 ) [1
Mark]
The integrating factor (I.F) is given by the relation,
𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑡
𝑦 1
∫ 𝑑𝑦 1 2 log[ ] 1
∴ I.F = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 1−𝑦2 = 𝑒 −2log(1−𝑦 ) =𝑒 √1−𝑦 2 =
√1 − 𝑦 2
Hence, the correct answer is D. [1

Mark]
Miscellaneous exercise 9
1. For each of the differential equations given below, indicate its order and degree (if
defined).
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
(I) + 5𝑥 ( ) − 6𝑦 = log𝑥 [1
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 2
(II) ( ) − 4 ( ) + 7𝑦 = sin 𝑥 [1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Mark]
89
(III) − sin (𝑑𝑥 3 ) = 0 [1
𝑑𝑥 4
Mark]
Solution:
(I)The differential equation is given as + 5𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) − 6𝑦 = log𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
⇒ 2 + 5𝑥 ( ) − 6𝑦 − log𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 2 . Thus, its order is two.
𝑑2 𝑦
The highest power raised to 𝑑𝑥 2 is one. Hence, its degree is one.
[1 Mark]
(II) The differential equation is given as:
( ) − 4 ( ) + 7𝑦 = sin𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ ( ) − 4 ( ) + 7𝑦 − sin𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is . Thus, its order is one.
𝑑𝑥
The highest power raised to is three. Hence, its degree is three.
[1 Mark]
(iii) The differential equation is given as:
− sin ( )=0
𝑑𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑4 𝑦
The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 4 . Thus, its order is four.
However, the given differential equation is not a polynomial equation.
Hence, its degree is not defined. [1

Mark]
2. For each of the exercises given below, verify that the given function (implicit or explicit)
is a solution of the corresponding differential equation.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(I) 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 2 : 𝑥 +2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 − 2 = 0 [2
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
MarkS]
90
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
(II) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥): − 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 0 [4
𝑑𝑥 2
MarkS]
𝑑2 𝑦
(III) 𝑦 = 𝑥sin3𝑥: 𝑑𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 − 6cos3𝑥 = 0 [2
MarkS]
𝑑𝑦
(IV) 𝑥 2 = 2𝑦 2 log𝑦: (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑥𝑦 = 0 [2
𝑑𝑥
MarkS]
Solution:
(I) 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 2
= 𝑎 (𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑏 (𝑒 −𝑥 ) + (𝑥 )
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑎𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Again, differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get:
𝑑2 𝑦
= 𝑎𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 2 [1
𝑑𝑥 2
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
Now, on substituting the values of and in the differential equation, we get:
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
L.H.S.
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2
+2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 − 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥(𝑎𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 2) + 2(𝑎𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝑥) − 𝑥(𝑎𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑥 2 − 2
= (𝑎𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 2𝑥) + (2𝑎𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 4𝑥) − (𝑎𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 3 ) + 𝑥 2 − 2
= 2𝑎𝑒 𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 2
≠0
⇒ L. H. S. ≠ R. H. S. [1
Mark]
Hence, the given function is not a solution of the corresponding differential equation.
(II) 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑎 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏 sin 𝑥) = 𝑎𝑒 𝑥 cos 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥
=𝑎· (𝑒 cos𝑥) + 𝑏 · (𝑒 sin𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
91
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑎(𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥) + 𝑏 · (𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥 + (𝑏 − 𝑎)𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥 [1
Mark]

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥 2
= (𝑎 + 𝑏) · 𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥) + (𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑑𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥)
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ = (𝑎 + 𝑏) · [𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥 − 𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥] + (𝑏 − 𝑎)[𝑒 𝑥 sin𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 cos𝑥]
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ = 𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑎 + 𝑏)(cos𝑥 − sin𝑥) + (𝑏 − 𝑎)(sin𝑥 + cos𝑥)]
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ = 𝑒 𝑥 [𝑎cos𝑥 − 𝑎sin𝑥 + 𝑏cos𝑥 − 𝑏sin𝑥 + 𝑏sin𝑥 + 𝑏cos𝑥 − 𝑎sin𝑥 − 𝑎cos𝑥]
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 2 = [2𝑒 𝑥 (𝑏cos𝑥 − 𝑎sin𝑥)] [1
Mark]
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
Now, on substituting the values of 𝑑𝑥 2 and 𝑑𝑥 in the L.H.S. of the given differential equation,
we get:
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
+2 + 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑒 𝑥 (𝑏cos𝑥 − 𝑎sin𝑥) − 2𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑎 + 𝑏)cos𝑥 + (𝑏 − 𝑎)sin𝑥] + 2𝑒 𝑥 (𝑎cos𝑥 + 𝑏sin𝑥)
(2𝑏cos𝑥 − 2𝑎sin𝑥) − (2𝑎cos𝑥 + 2𝑏cos𝑥)
= 𝑒𝑥 [ ]
−(2𝑏sin𝑥 − 2𝑎sin𝑥) + (2𝑎cos𝑥 + 2𝑏sin𝑥)
= 𝑒 𝑥 [(2𝑏 − 2𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 2𝑎)cos𝑥] + 𝑒 𝑥 [(−2𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 2𝑎 + 2𝑏)sin𝑥]
=0
Hence, the given function is a solution of the corresponding differential equation. [2
MarkS]
(III) 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 3𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑
= (𝑥sin3𝑥) = sin3𝑥 + 𝑥 · cos3𝑥 · 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = sin3𝑥 + 3𝑥cos3𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 𝑑
= (sin3𝑥) + 3 (𝑥cos3𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
92
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ = 3cos3𝑥 + 3[cos3𝑥 + 𝑥(−sin3𝑥) · 3]
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 2 = 6cos3𝑥 − 9𝑥sin3𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑2 𝑦
Substituting the value of in the L.H.S. of the given differential equation, we get:
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
+ 9𝑦 − 6cos3𝑥
𝑑𝑥 2
= (6 · cos3𝑥 − 9𝑥sin3𝑥) + 9𝑥sin3𝑥 − 6cos3𝑥
=0
Mark]
(IV) 𝑥 2 = 2𝑦 2 log 𝑦

𝑑
2𝑥 = 2 · = [𝑦 2 log𝑦]
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑥 = [2𝑦 · log𝑦 · + 𝑦2 · · ]
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
⇒𝑥= (2𝑦log𝑦 + 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
⇒ = [1
𝑑𝑥 𝑦(1+2log𝑦)
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the value of 𝑑𝑥 in the L.H.S. of the given differential equation, we get:
𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) − 𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑥
= (2𝑦 2 log𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) · − 𝑥𝑦
𝑦(1 + 2log𝑦)
𝑥
= 𝑦 2 (1 + 2log𝑦) · − 𝑥𝑦
𝑦(1 + 2log𝑦)
= 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦
=0
Mark]
93
3. Form the differential equation representing the family of curves given by
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + 2𝑦 2 = 𝑎2
where a is an arbitrary constant. [2

Marks]
Solution:
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + 2𝑦 2 = 𝑎2
⇒ 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 = 𝑎2
⇒ 2𝑦 2 = 2𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥 2 … (1)
Differentiating with respect to x, we get:
𝑑𝑦 2𝑎 − 2𝑥
2𝑦 =
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑎 − 𝑥
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2𝑎𝑥−2𝑥 2
⇒ = … (2) [1
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥𝑦
Mark]
From equation (1), we get:
2𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2
On substituting this value in equation (3), we get:
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2 + 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 2
=
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥𝑦
𝑑𝑦 2𝑦 2 −𝑥 2
Hence, the differential equation of the family of curves is given as = [1
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥𝑦
Mark]
4. Prove that 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑐(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 is the general solution of differential equation,

(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = (𝑦 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = (𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 where 𝑐 is a parameter.
[6 Marks]
Solution:
(𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 = (𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦)𝑑𝑦
94
𝑑𝑦 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥𝑦 2
⇒ = … (1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑦
This is a homogeneous equation. To simplify it, we need to make the substitution as:
𝑦 = 𝑣𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
⇒ (𝑦) = (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑣 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥(𝑣𝑥)2
𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 (𝑣𝑥)3 − 3𝑥 2 (𝑣𝑥)
𝑑𝑣 1 − 3𝑣 2
⇒𝑣+𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 3 − 3𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 − 3𝑣 2
⇒𝑥 = −𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 3 − 3𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 − 3𝑣 2 − 𝑣(𝑣 3 − 3𝑣)
⇒𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 3 − 3𝑣
𝑑𝑣 1 − 𝑣4
⇒𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 − 3𝑣
𝑣 3 −3𝑣 𝑑𝑥
⇒ ( 1−𝑣 4 ) 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑥
[1
Mark]

𝑣 3 −3𝑣
∫ ( 1−𝑣 4 ) 𝑑𝑣 = log𝑥 + logC′ … (2)
𝑣 3 −3𝑣 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑑𝑣
Now, ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑣 =∫ − 3∫
1−𝑣 4 1−𝑣 4 1−𝑣 4
𝑣 3 −3𝑣 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑑𝑣
⇒ ∫ ( 1−𝑣 4 ) 𝑑𝑣 = 𝐼1 − 3𝐼2 , where 𝐼1 = ∫ 1−𝑣4 and 𝐼2 = ∫ 1−𝑣 4 … (3) [1
Mark]
Let 1 − 𝑣 4 = 𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
∴ (1 − 𝑣 4 ) =
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡
⇒ −4𝑣 3 =
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑡 1 1
⇒ 𝑣 3 𝑑𝑣 = − = − log𝑡 = − log(1 − 𝑣 4 )
4𝑡 4 4
𝑣𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑑𝑣
And, 𝐼2 = ∫ =∫ [1
1−𝑣 4 1−(𝑣 2 )2
Mark]
95
Let 𝑣 2 = 𝑝
𝑑 2 𝑑𝑝
∴ (𝑣 ) =
𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑝
⇒ 2𝑣 =
𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑝
⇒ 𝑣𝑑𝑣 =
2
1 𝑑𝑝 1 1+𝑝 1 1+𝑣 2
⇒ 𝐼2 = 2 ∫ 1−𝑝2 = 2×2 log |1−𝑝| = 4 log |1−𝑣2 | [1
Mark]
Substituting the values of 𝐼1 and 𝐼2 in equation (3), we get:
𝑣 3 − 3𝑣 1 4)
3 1 − 𝑣2
∫( ) 𝑑𝑣 = − log(1 − 𝑣 − log | |
1 − 𝑣4 4 4 1 + 𝑣2
1 3 1 + 𝑣2
log(1 − 𝑣 4 ) − log | | = log𝑥 + log𝐶 ′
4 4 1 − 𝑣2
3
1 1 + 𝑣2
⇒ − log [(1 − 𝑣 4 ) ( ) ] = log𝐶 ′ 𝑥
4 1 − 𝑣2
(1 + 𝑣 2 )4
⇒ = (𝐶 ′ 𝑥)−4
(1 − 𝑣 2 )2
4
𝑦2
(1 +) 1
𝑥2
⇒ 2 = 4 4
𝑦2 C' 𝑥
(1 − 2 )
𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )4 1
⇒ 4 2 2 2
= 4 4
𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑦 ) C 𝑥
⇒ (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )2 = C4 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )4
⇒ 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = C(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 , where 𝐶 = 𝐶′2
Hence proved. [1
Mark]
5. Form the differential equation of the family of circles in the first quadrant which touch
the coordinate axes.
[4 Marks]
96
Solution:
The equation of a circle in the first quadrant with centre (𝑎, 𝑎) and radius (𝑎) which touches
the coordinate axes is:
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑎)2 = 𝑎2 … (1)
Differentiating equation (1) with respect to x, we get:
𝑑𝑦
2(𝑥 − 𝑎) + 2(𝑦 − 𝑎) =0
𝑑𝑥
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑎) + (𝑦 − 𝑎)𝑦 ′ = 0
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑎 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 𝑎𝑦 ′ = 0
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ − 𝑎(1 + 𝑦 ′ ) = 0
𝑥+𝑦𝑦 ′
⇒𝑎= [2
1+𝑦 ′
Marks]
Substituting the value of a in equation (1), we get:

2 2 2
𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′
[𝑥 − ( )] + [𝑦 − ( )] = ( )
1 + 𝑦′ 1 + 𝑦′ 1 + 𝑦′
2 2
(𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑦 ′ 𝑦−𝑥 2 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′
⇒[ ] + [ ] = [ ]
(1 + 𝑦 ′ ) 1 + 𝑦′ 1 + 𝑦′
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 · 𝑦 ′2 + (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ )2
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦)2 [1 + (𝑦 ′ )2 ] = (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ )2
Hence, the required differential equation of the family of circles is
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 [1 + (𝑦 ′ )2 ] = (𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 ′ )2 . [2
Marks]
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
6. Find the general solution of the differential equation 𝑑𝑥 + √1−𝑥2 = 0
[2 Marks]
97
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥
+ √1−𝑥 2 = 0
𝑑𝑦 √1 − 𝑦 2
⇒ =−
𝑑𝑥 √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 −𝑑𝑥
⇒ = [1
√1−𝑦2 √1−𝑥 2
Mark]
sin−1 𝑦 = −sin−1 𝑥 + 𝐶
⇒ sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = 𝐶
Hence, the general solution of given differential equation is sin−1 𝑥 + sin−1 𝑦 = 𝐶 [1
Mark]
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 +𝑦+1
7. Show that the general solution of the differential equation + = 0 is given by
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 𝐴(1 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦), where 𝐴 is parameter [4

Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 +𝑦+1
Given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 = 0
𝑑𝑦 (𝑦 2 + 𝑦 + 1)
⇒ =− 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 +𝑥+1
𝑑𝑦 −𝑑𝑥
⇒ = 2
𝑦2 +𝑦+1 𝑥 +𝑥+1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦2 +𝑦+1 + 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 = 0 [1
Mark]

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
∫ +∫ 2 =C
𝑦2 +𝑦+1 𝑥 +𝑥+1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
⇒∫ 2 +∫ 2 =C
1 2 √3 1 2 √3
(𝑦 + 2) + ( 2 ) (𝑥 + 2) + ( 2 )
98
1 1
2 𝑦+ 2 𝑥+
−1 2 −1 2
⇒ tan [ √3
] + tan [ √3
] =C [1
√3 √3
2 2
Mark]
2𝑦 + 1 2𝑥 + 1 √3C
⇒ tan−1 [ ] + tan−1 [ ]=
√3 √3 2
2𝑦 + 1 2𝑥 + 1
+
√3 √3 √3C
⇒ tan−1 [ ]=
(2𝑦 + 1) (2𝑥 + 1) 2
1− ∙
√3 √3
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2
√3 √3C
⇒ tan−1 [ ]=
4𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 1 2
1−( 3 )
2√3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) √3C
⇒ tan−1 [ ]=
3 − 4𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 1 2
√3(𝑥+𝑦+1) √3C
⇒ tan−1 [2(1−𝑥−𝑦−2𝑥𝑦)] = 2
[1
Mark]
√3(𝑥+𝑦+1) √3C √3C
⇒ 2(1−𝑥−𝑦−2𝑥𝑦) = tan ( 2
) = 𝐵, where 𝐵 = tan ( 2
)
2𝐵
⇒𝑥+𝑦+1= (1 − 𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦)
√3
2𝐵
⇒ 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 = 𝐴(1 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦), where 𝐴 =
√3
Hence proved [1
Mark]
𝜋
8. Find the equation of the curve passing through the point (0, ) whose differential
4
equation is, sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
[4 Marks]
Solution:
The differential equation of the given curve is sin 𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑑𝑥 + cos 𝑥 sin 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
sin𝑥cos𝑦𝑑𝑥 + cos𝑥sin𝑦𝑑𝑦
⇒ =0
cos𝑥cos𝑦
⇒ tan𝑥𝑑𝑥 + tan𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0 [1
Mark]
99
log(sec𝑥) + log(sec𝑦) = logC

log(sec𝑥 · sec𝑦) = log𝐶
⇒ sec 𝑥 ∙ sec 𝑦 = 𝐶 … (1) [1
Mark]
𝜋
The curve passes through point (0, 4 )
∴ 1 × √2 = 𝐶
⇒ 𝐶 = √2 [1
Mark]
On substituting 𝐶 = √2
sec𝑥 · sec𝑦 = √2
1
⇒ sec𝑥 · = √2
cos𝑦
sec𝑥
⇒ cos𝑦 =
√2
sec 𝑥
Hence, the required equation of the curve is cos 𝑦 = [1
√2
Mark]
9. Find the particular solution of the different equation\
(1 + 𝑒 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 + (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0, given that 𝑦 = 1 when 𝑥 = 0 [4

Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is (1 + 𝑒 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 + (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ + =0
1 + 𝑦 2 1 + 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
tan−1 𝑦 + ∫ 1+𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝐶 … (1) [1
Mark]
Let 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑡 ⇒ 𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑡 2 .
𝑑 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
⇒ (𝑒 ) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑒𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥
100
⇒ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 [1
Mark]
Substituting these values in equation (1), we get:

𝑑𝑡
tan−1 𝑦 + ∫ =𝐶
1 + 𝑡2
⇒ tan−1 𝑦 + tan−1 𝑡 = C
⇒ tan−1 𝑦 + tan−1 (𝑒 𝑥 ) = C … (2) [1

Mark]
Now, 𝑦 = 1 at 𝑥 = 0.
tan−1 1 + tan−1 1 = 𝐶
𝜋 𝜋
⇒ + =C
4 4
𝜋
⇒C=
2
𝜋
Substituting 𝐶 = 2
in equation (2), we get:
𝜋
tan−1 𝑦 + tan−1 (𝑒 𝑥 ) =
2
𝜋
tan−1 𝑦 + tan−1 (𝑒 𝑥 ) = [1
2
Mark]
𝑥 𝑥
10. Solve the differential equation 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦(𝑦 ≠ 0) [2
Marks]
Solution:
𝑥 𝑥
Given differential equation is 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 = (𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑒 𝑦 [𝑦 · − 𝑥] = 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
[𝑦· −𝑥] 𝟏
𝑑𝑦
⇒𝑒 · 𝑦
𝑦2
= 1 … (1) [𝟐
Mark]
101
𝑥
Let 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑧
Differentiating it with respect to y, we get:

𝑑 𝑥 𝑑𝑧
(𝑒 𝑦 ) =
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 𝑑𝑧
⇒ 𝑒𝑦 · ( )=
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦· −𝑥 𝑑𝑧 𝟏
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑒𝑦 · [ 𝑦 2 ] = 𝑑𝑦 … (2) [𝟐
Mark]
From equation (1) and equation (2), we get:

𝑑𝑧
=1
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑧 = 𝑦+C
𝑥
⇒ 𝑒𝑦 = 𝑦 + C
Hence, the required particular solution of the given differential equation is [1
Mark]
11. Find particular solution of the differential equation.
(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦
Given that 𝑦 = −1, when 𝑥 = 0 (Hint: put 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑡) [4

Marks]
Solution:
Given differential equation is (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑦
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑦 = (1 − 𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 − 𝑥 + 𝑦
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1
𝑑𝑦 1−(𝑥−𝑦) 𝟏
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 1+(𝑥−𝑦) … (1) [𝟐
Mark]
Let 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 𝑡
102
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
⇒1− =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑦 𝟏
⇒ 1 − 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑥 [𝟐
Mark]
𝑑𝑦
Substituting the values of 𝑥 − 𝑦 and 𝑑𝑥 in equation (1), we get:
𝑑𝑡 1 − 𝑡
1− =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑡
𝑑𝑡 1−𝑡
⇒ =1−( )
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑡
𝑑𝑡 (1 + 𝑡) − (1 − 𝑡)
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑡
𝑑𝑡 2𝑡
⇒ =
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑡
1+𝑡
⇒( ) 𝑑𝑡 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑡
1
⇒ (1 + 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 = 2𝑑𝑥 … (2) [1
Mark]
𝑡 + log|𝑡| = 2𝑥 + C
⇒ (𝑥 − 𝑦) + log|𝑥 − 𝑦| = 2𝑥 + C
⇒ log|𝑥 − 𝑦| = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + C … (3)
Now, 𝑦 =– 1 at 𝑥 = 0.
Therefore, equation (3) becomes: log 1 = 0– 1 + 𝐶
⇒𝐶=1 [1
Mark]
Substituting 𝐶 = 1 in equation (3) we get:
log|𝑥 − 𝑦| = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1
log|𝑥 − 𝑦| = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1 [1
Mark]
103
𝑒 −2√𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
12. Solve the differential equation [ − ] = 1(𝑥 ≠ 0) [2
√𝑥 √𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Marks]
Solution:
𝑒 −2√𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Given differential equation is [ − ] =1
√𝑥 √𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑒 −2√𝑥 𝑦
⇒ = −
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑒 −2√𝑥
⇒ + =
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 √𝑥
The equation is a liner differential equation of the form
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑒 −2√𝑥
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄,where 𝑃 = and 𝑄 =
√𝑥 √𝑥
1
∫ 𝑑𝑥
Now, I. F = 𝑒 ∫(𝑄×I.F.) = 𝑒 √𝑥 = 𝑒 2√𝑥 [1 Mark]
The general solution of the given differential equation is given by,
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
𝑒 −2√𝑥
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 2√x = ∫ ( × 𝑒 2√𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 + C
√𝑥
1
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 2√𝑥 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + C
√𝑥
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 2√𝑥 = 2√𝑥 + C [1 Mark]
13. Find a particular solution of the differential equation

𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦cot𝑥 = 4𝑥cosec𝑥(𝑥 ≠ 0)
𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Given that 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 2
[2 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 cot 𝑥 = 4𝑥 cosec 𝑥
This equation is a linear differential equation of the form

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑝𝑦 = 𝑄, where 𝑝 = cot 𝑥 and 𝑄 = 4𝑥 cosec.
104
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ cot𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 log|sin𝑥| = sin𝑥

𝟏
[ Mark]
𝟐
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
𝟏
⇒ 𝑦sin𝑥 = ∫(4𝑥cosec𝑥 · sin𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + C [𝟐 Mark]
⇒ 𝑦sin𝑥 = 4 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + C
𝑥2
⇒ 𝑦sin𝑥 = 4 · +C
2
⇒ 𝑦sin𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + C … (1)
𝜋
Now, 𝑦 = 0 at 𝑥 = 2 .
𝜋2
0=2× +C
4
𝜋2 𝟏
⇒𝐶=− 2
[𝟐 Mark]
𝜋2
Substituting 𝐶 = − 2
𝜋2
𝑦sin𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 −
2
𝜋2 𝟏
𝑦sin𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − [𝟐 Mark]
2
14. Find a particular solution of the differential equation

𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 + 1) = 2𝑒 −𝑦 − 1
𝑑𝑥
Given that 𝑦 = 0 when 𝑥 = 0 [4 Marks]
Solution:
𝑑𝑦
Given differential equation is (𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑒 −𝑦 − 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
⇒ =
2𝑒 −𝑦−1 𝑥+1
105
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
⇒ 𝑦
=
2−𝑒 𝑥+1
𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
∫ 2−𝑒 𝑦 = log|𝑥 + 1| + log𝐶 … (1) [1 Mark]
Let 2 − 𝑒 𝑦 = 𝑡
𝑑 𝑑𝑡
∴ (2 − 𝑒 𝑦 ) =
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡
⇒ −𝑒 𝑦 =
𝑑𝑦
⇒ −𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑡
−𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑡
= log|𝑥 + 1| + logC [1 Mark]
⇒ − log|𝑡| = log|C(𝑥 + 1)|

⇒ − log|2 − 𝑒 𝑦 | = log|C(𝑥 + 1)|
1
⇒ = C(𝑥 + 1)
2 − 𝑒𝑦
1
⇒ 2 − 𝑒𝑦 = … (2)
C(𝑥 + 1)
Now, at 𝑥 = 0 and 𝑦 = 0, equation (2) becomes:
1
⇒2−1=
C
⇒C=1 [1 Mark]

1
2 − 𝑒𝑦 =
𝑥+1
1
⇒ 𝑒𝑦 = 2 −
𝑥+1
2𝑥 + 2 − 1
⇒ 𝑒𝑦 =
𝑥+1
2𝑥 + 1
⇒ 𝑒𝑦 =
𝑥+1
2𝑥 + 1
⇒ 𝑦 = log | | , (𝑥 ≠ −1)
𝑥+1
2𝑥+1
𝑦 = log | 𝑥+1 | , (𝑥 ≠ −1) [1 Mark]
106
15. The population of a village increases continuously at the rate proportional to the
number of its inhabitants present at any time. If the population of the village was 20000
in 1999 and 25000 in the year 2004, what will be the population of the village in 2009?
[4 Marks]
Solution:
Let the population at any instant (𝑡) be y.
It is given that the rate of increase of population is proportional to the number of

inhabitants at any instant.
𝑑𝑦
∴ 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑘𝑦 (𝑘 is a constant)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
⇒ = 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑦
log 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 … (1)
In the year 1999, 𝑡 = 0 and 𝑦 = 20000.
Therefore, we get:
log 20000 = 𝐶 … (2)

In the year 2004, 𝑡 = 5 and 𝑦 = 25000.
Therefore, we get:
log25000 = 𝑘 · 5 + C [2 Marks]
⇒ log25000 = 5𝑘 + log20000
25000 5
⇒ 5𝑘 = log ( ) = log ( )
20000 4
1 5
⇒ 𝑘 = 5 log (4) … (3) [1 Mark]
In the year 2009, 𝑡 = 10 years.
Now, on substituting the values of 𝑡, 𝑘, and 𝐶 in equation (1), we get:

1 5
log𝑦 = 10 × log ( ) + log(20000)
5 4
5 2
⇒ log𝑦 = log [20000 × ( ) ]
4
107
5 5
⇒ 𝑦 = 20000 × ×
4 4
⇒ 𝑦 = 31250
Hence, the population of the village in 2009 will be 31250. [1
Mark]
𝑦𝑑𝑥−𝑥𝑑𝑦
16. The general solution of the differential equation 𝑦
= 0 is [2
Marks]
A. 𝑥𝑦 = 𝐶
B. 𝑥 = 𝐶𝑦 2
C. 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥
D. 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑥 2
Solution:
𝑦𝑑𝑥−𝑥𝑑𝑦
The given differential equation is =0
𝑦
𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦
⇒ =0
𝑥𝑦
1 1
⇒ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0 [1 Mark]
log|𝑥| − log|𝑦| = log𝑘

𝑥
⇒ log | | = log𝑘
𝑦
𝑥
⇒ =𝑘
𝑦
1
⇒𝑦= 𝑥
𝑘
1
⇒ 𝑦 = C𝑥 where C = 𝑘
Hence, the correct answer is C. [1 Mark]
𝑑𝑥
17. The general solution of a differential equation of the type 𝑑𝑦 + P1 𝑥 = Q1 is [1
Mark]
108
(A) 𝑦𝑒 ∫ P1 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(Q1 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 + C
(B) 𝑦 ∙ 𝑒 ∫ P1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(Q1 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃1 𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑦 + C
(C) 𝑥𝑒 ∫ P1 𝑑𝑦 = ∫(Q1 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃1 𝑑𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 + C
(D) 𝑥𝑒 ∫ P1 𝑑𝑥 = ∫(Q1 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃1 𝑑𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑦 + C
Solution:
𝑑𝑥
The integrating factor of the given differential equation 𝑑𝑦 + P1 𝑥 = Q1 is 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃1 𝑑𝑦
The general solution of the differential equation is given by,

𝟏
𝑥(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑦 + C [𝟐 Mark]
⇒ 𝑥 ∙ 𝑒 ∫(𝑄𝑒 ∫ 𝑃1 𝑑𝑦 )𝑑𝑦 + 𝐶
𝟏
Hence, the correct answer is C. [𝟐 Mark]
18. The general solution of the differential equation 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0 is [2

Marks]
(A) 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥 2 = 𝐶
(B) 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 𝐶
(C) 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = 𝐶
(D) 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥2 = 𝐶
Solution:
The given differential equation is:
𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 + (𝑦𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
⇒ 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 + 2𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝟏
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 [𝟐 Mark]
This is a linear differential equation of the form

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄, where 𝑃 = 1 and 𝑄 = −2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥
𝟏
Now, 𝐼. 𝐹 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 [𝟐 Mark]
109
𝑦(I.F.) = ∫(Q × I.F.) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = ∫(−2𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 · 𝑒 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = − ∫ 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + C
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 = −𝑥 2 + C
⇒ 𝑦𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 = C
Hence, the correct answer is C. [1 Mark]
110

Maths CH 092

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Class-XII-Maths Differential Equations

CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Maths Chapter 09

2. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 0 [1

The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦′.

Therefore, its order is one. [1/2

Hence, its degree is one.

Hence, its degree is one.

Hence, its degree is one.

6. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation (y′′′)2 + (𝑦 ′′ )3 + (𝑦 ′ )4 +

The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦′′′.

Therefore, its order is three. [1/2

The highest power raised to 𝑦′′′ is 2. Hence, its degree is 2. [1/2

7. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑦 ′′′ + 2𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 0 [1

The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦 ′′′ .

Therefore, its order is three. [1/2

8. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 [1

Therefore, its order is one. [1/2

9. Determine order and degree (if defined) of differential equation 𝑦 ′′ + (𝑦 ′ )2 + 2𝑦 = 0 [1

The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦 ′′ .

Therefore, its order is two. [1/2

Hence, its degree is one.

The highest order derivative present in the differential equation is 𝑦 ′′ .

Therefore, its order is two. [1/2

Hence, its degree is one. [1/2

Hence, the correct answer is D.

Therefore, its order is two. [1

Hence, the correct answer is A.

Now, differentiating equation (1) with respect to 𝑥, we get:

Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to 𝑥 we get:

Substituting the value of 𝑦 ′ in the given differential equation,

we get L.H.S.= 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑥 − 2 = 2𝑥 + 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0 = R.H.S.

Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

Substituting the value of 𝑦 ′ in the given differential equation, we get

L. H. S = 𝑦’ + sin 𝑥 = − sin 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = 0 = R.H.S

Differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get:

6. 𝑦 = 𝑥sin𝑥: 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑦 + 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 (𝑥 ≠ 0 and 𝑥 > 𝑦 or 𝑥 < −𝑦) [2

Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

Substituting the value of 𝑦′ in the given differential equation, we get:

L.H.S = 𝑥𝑦 ′ = 𝑥(sin𝑥 + 𝑥cos𝑥)

Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to x, we get:

8. 𝑦 = cos 𝑦 = 𝑥 : (𝑦 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑦 ′ = 𝑦

Differentiating both sides of the equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

= (𝑦sin𝑦 + cos𝑦 + 𝑥)𝑦 ′

Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

Substituting the value of 𝑦′ in the given differential equation, we get:

Given function is 𝑦 = √𝑎2 − 𝑥 2

Differentiating both sides of this equation with respect to 𝑥, we get:

Differentiating both sides of the given equation with respect to 𝑥, we get

Again, differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get

Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get:

Dividing equation (2) by equation (1), we get:

Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get:

𝑦 ′ = 3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 … (2)

𝑦 ′′ = 9𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 4𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 … (3)

(2𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 ) + (3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑐 −2𝑥 ) = 2𝑦 + 𝑦 ′

(3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 + 3𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 ) − (3𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 − 2𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 ) = 3𝑦 − 𝑦 ′

Substituting the values of 𝑎𝑒 3𝑥 and 𝑏𝑒 −2𝑥 in equation (3), we get:

Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get:

⇒ 𝑦 ′ = 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏) … (2) [1

𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏) − 𝑒 2𝑥 (2𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑥)

Dividing equation (4) by equation (3), we get:

Differentiating both sides with respect to 𝑥, we get: