University of San Carlos

School of Education
Module on APA 7​th ​ed. Citation
& References:
Information Literacy Level 2

APA format for In-text citations

Parenthetical format, 1​st ​citation in text

(Walker, 2020)

(Walker & Allen, 2020)

(Bradley et al., 2020)

(Bradley et al., 2020)

(Publication Manual of the

American Psychological
Association (APA), 2020)

(University of San Carlos, 2020)

Type of Citation Parenthetical

​ format, subsequent citation in text
One work by 1 author ​(Walker, 2020) ​One work by 2 authors ​(Walker & Allen, 2020) ​One work by 3

authors ​(Bradley et al., 2020)

One work by 4 authors ​(Bradley et al., 2020) ​Groups (readily identifies

through abbreviation) as authors (APA, 2020)
Groups (no abbreviation) as

authors (USC,
​ 2020) ​APA format for References

Citing a book in print

APA format structure:
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). ​Title of work.​ Publisher.

Finney, J. (1970). ​Time and again​. Simon and Schuster.

Notes: When citing a book in APA, keep in mind:

1. Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any subtitles, as well as the first letter of any proper
nouns.
2. The full title of the book, including any subtitles, should be stated and ​italicized ​(if computer printout), and
 Underlined ​(if handwritten).
3. The first line of each citation begins flush left, and the second and subsequent lines are indented five spaces.
(This is called a “hanging indention”).
4. Only initials are used for authors’ first and middle names.
5. Names are inverted: Millier, J. K.
6. Single spaces separate each element.

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Citing a book from a database​

APA format structure:
Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). ​Title of work.​ http://xxxx or doi:xxxx

Sayre, R. K., Devercelli, A.E., Neuman, M.J., & Wodon, Q. (2015). ​Investment in early childhood development: Review
of the World Bank’s recent experience.​ http://doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0403-8

Note: When citing an online book or e-book in APA, keep in mind: A ​DOI ​(digital object identifier) is an assigned
number that helps link content to its location on the Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided,
to use it when creating a citation. All DOI numbers begin with a 10 and are separated by a slash.

Citing a magazine article in print

APA format structure:

Author, A.A. (Year, month of Publication). Article title. ​Magazine Title,​ ​Volume ​(Issue), pp.- pp.

Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? ​Time, 167 (​ 15), pp. 3-40.

Notes: When citing a magazine in APA, keep in mind:

1. The magazine ​title ​and ​volume ​number should be ​italized​.
2. You can find the volume number with the other publication information of the magazine.
3. You can typically find page numbers at the bottom corners of a magazine article.
4. If you cannot locate an issue number, simply don’t include it in the citation.

Citing a newspaper article in print

APA format structure:

Author, A. A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. ​Magazine Title,​ pp. xx-xx.
Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon. ​The New York Times​, p. D5.

Notes: When creating you newspaper citation, keep in mind:

1. Precede page numbers for newspaper articles with p. (for a single page) or pp. (for multiple pages). 2. If
an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers, and separate the numbers with a
comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).

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Citing a newspaper article found online​

APA format structure:
​ ewspaper homepage URL
Author, A.A. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title. ​Newspaper. N

Rosenberg, G. (1997, March 31). Electronic discovery proves an effective legal weapon. ​The New York Times​,
http://www.nytimes.com

Notes: When creating your online journal article citation, keep in mind:
1. ​APA does NOT require you to include the date of access/retrieval date or database information for
electronic sources.
2. ​A DOI (digital object identifier) is an assigned number that helps link content to its location on the
Internet. It is therefore important, if one is provided, to use it when creating a citation. All DOI numbers
begin with a 10 and are separated by a slash.

Social Media
APA Format Structure:
Post Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. or Name of Group. (n.d.). ​Home ​[Facebook page]. Site name. Retrieved Month
Date, Year, from URL

U.S. Department of the Interior. (2020, January 10). ​Like frosting on a cake, snow coats and clings to the hoodoos at ​ ​Bryce
Canyon National Park in Utah ​[Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook https://www.facebook.com/USInterior/
photos/a.155163054537384/2586475451406120/?type=3&theater

Important Note on Personal Interviews

Personal interviews are ​not included ​in the reference list because they do not provide ​recoverable data​. Cite them ​IN
TEXT ONLY. ​Personal Communication Includes letters, phone calls, email messages, and interviews. Personal
interviews/communication whether it is conducted in-person, phone, email, virtual (i.e. Skype, WebEx, Google
Hangouts...) are not "recoverable" data and therefore a reader would not be able to go back to the source to review
the interview.

APA Format Structure

 In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):

(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

References:

Not included

Example:
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(J. Brown, personal communication, April 27, 2010)

In-Text Citation (Quotation):

(J. Brown, personal communication, April 27, 2010)

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REFERENCES
(Notes: References is the concluding part of any research paper, entries are arranged in straight

alphabetical order) F​ inney, J. (1970). ​Time and again​. Simon and Schuster.

Jameson, J. (2013). E-Leadership in higher education: The fifth “age” of educational technology research. ​British
Journal of Educational Technology,​ ​44​(6), 889-915.http://doi:10.1111/bjet.12103

Kammen, C., & Wilson, A.H. (2012). Monuments. In ​Encyclopedia of local history​. (pp. 363-364) AltaMira Press .

Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special education. ​Teacher Education and Special Education
The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children​, ​13 (​ 3-4), 147-148.

Sayre, R. K., Devercelli, A.E., Neuman, M.J. & Wodon, Q. (2015). ​Investment in early childhood development:
Review of the World Bank’s recent experience​. http:// doi:10.1596/978-1- 4648-0403-8

Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos. http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the- tale-of-twoflaccos/

Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: police. (​ 2015, January 16) http://www.nbcmiami.com/news/
local/Teen-Posed-as-Doctor-at-West-Palm-Beach-Hospital-Polic288810831.html

Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they go? ​Time​, ​167 (​ 15), 3-40.

Source: ​References and in-text citations in APA Style, 7​th ​edition.

https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-manual-7th-edition/
Compiled by:

SNA TAPULADO. RL, MSLS

Education Librarian/AV Coordinator
D. APA Citationrevised7th
7/28/20

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