UNIT 9

A. Read and answer some questions dealing with the text!

Nonprofit organizations
A nonprofit organization (abbreviated NPO, also not-for-profit) is any organization that does not aim to
make a profit, and which is not a public body. Whereas for-profit corporations exist to earn and distribute
taxable business earnings to shareholders, the nonprofit corporation exists solely to provide programs and
services that are of public benefit. Often these programs and services are not otherwise provided by local,
state, or federal entities. While they are able to earn a profit, more accurately called a surplus, such
earnings must be retained by the organization for its future provision of programs and services. Earnings
may not benefit individuals or stakeholders [1]. Underlying many effective nonprofit endeavors is a
commitment to management. Twenty years ago, management was a dirty word to those involved in
nonprofit organizations. It meant business, and non-profits prided themselves on being free of the taint of
commercialism and above such sordid considerations as the bottom line. Now most of them have learned
that nonprofits need management even more than business does, precisely because they lack the discipline
of the bottom line. The nonprofits are, of course still dedicated to "doing good." But they also realize that
good intentions are no substitute for organization and leadership, for accountability, performance, and
results. Those require management and that, in turn, begins with the organization's mission.
In the United States one of the largest Non-Profit Organizations is the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
which has an endowment of $38 billion [14], and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, which has an
endowment of approximately $14.8 billion. Outside the United States, another large NPO is the British
Welcome Trust, which is a "charity" in British usage. See: List of wealthiest foundations. Note that this
assessment excludes universities, at least a few of which have assets in the tens of billions of dollars. For
example; List of U.S. colleges and universities by endowment
Measuring a NPO by its monetary size has obvious limitations, as the power and significance of NPOs
are defined by more qualitative measurements such as effectiveness at carrying out charitable mission and
goals.
Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities
conducted over a long period of time, include Amnesty International, the Better Business Bureau, Oxfam,
Carnegie Corporation of New York, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine Clearers),
Goodwill Industries, United Way, Habitat for Humanity, Teach For America, the Red Cross and Red
Crescent organizations, UNESCO, IEEE, World Wide Fund for Nature, Heifer International, and SOS
Children's Villages.
However, there are also millions of smaller NPOs that provide social services and relief efforts on a more
focused level (such as Crosswind - Community Outreach Ministry) or the arts to people throughout the
world and in the US. There are more than 1.6 million NPOs in the United States alone. For more see
Wikipedia articles on non-profit organizations.
1. Why the earnings must be retained by the organization?
2. What is effective nonprofit endeavors like?
3. What do the nonprofits require in order that still dedicated to "doing good”?
4. Mention the largest Non-Profit Organizations in the United States?
5. What is the nonprofit corporation exists solely for?
6. Give the examples NPO which are particularly well known, often for social nature of their
activities conducted over a long period of time!
7. Give the examples of smaller NPOs that provide social services and relief efforts on a more
focused level!

B. Grammar

Active/Passive Voice
Look at these examples:

Performances are held everywhere

His photographs were exhibited…………..were presented
Works that have never been shown
Life couldn’t be imagined

Active/ Passive Voice

Rule: to be (any tense required) + the Past Participle of the verb to be conjugated

They give her flowers.

Flowers are given to her.
She is given flowers.

1. Give the examples of passive voices in public administration!