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Solution to the Drill problems of chapter 03

(Engineering Electromagnetics,Hayt,A.Buck 7th ed)
BEE 4A,4B & 4C

~ =? at point P(2,-3,6)
D3.2 (a). D

QA = 55mC at point Q(-2,3,-6) now D ~ = QR

~ = o E ~ P Q /(4π | R
~ P Q |3 )
√
~ P Q = (2 − (−2))âx + (−3 − 3)ây + (6 − (−6))âz = 4âx − 6ây + 12âz , | R~ P Q |= 42 + (−6)2 + 122 = 196 = 14
p
R
⇒D ~ = (55 × 10−3 (4âx − 6ây + 12âz ))/(4π(14)3 ) = 6.38âx − 9.57ây + 19.14âz µC/m2

(b). ρL = 20mC along X axis (∞ ≤ X ≤ ∞), now E ~ = ρL âpx /(2πo | R~ px |) = ρL R~ px /(2πo | R

~ px |2 )
~ px = P (2, −3, 6) − (x, 0, 0) = (2 − x)âx − 3ây + 6âz since the infinite line charge is along X axis so the E filel
R
at point P is having only Y p and Z components
√ present and the X component is cancelled due to symmetry so
~ px = −3ây + 6âz , | R
R ~ px |= (−3)2 + 62 = 45, D ~ = ρL R
~ = o E ~ px /(2π | R
~ px |2 ) = 20 × 10−3 (−3ây + 6âz )/2π × 45
~
⇒ D = −212ây + 424âz µC/m 2

~ = (ρs /2o )âN for infinite surface charge density also z=-5 is an infinite x-y plane located at z=-5 and the
(c). E
charge is spread on this plane,so D ~ = o E
~ = (ρs /2)âz = (120/2)µâz = 60µâz C/m2

~ = 0.3r2 âr nC/m2

D3.3. D

~ =? at point P(r=2,θ = 25o , φ = 90o ), D

(a). E ~ = o E
~ ⇒E
~ = D/
~ o = ((0.3r2 âr nC/m2 )/8.85 × 10−12 F/m)r=2 =
2 2 −12
(0.3 × 2 âr nC/m )/8.85 × 10 F/m = 135.5âr V /m
R 2π R π 2
~ · d~s, d~s = r2 sinθdθdφ ⇒ Q = 0.3r2 × 10−9
H
(b).Q= ? for a sphere of radius r=3, we have Q= D 0 0 r sinθdθdφ
⇒ 0.3r (4πr ) × 10 = 1.2πr × 10 = (1.2πr )r=3 × 10−9 = 305nC
2 2 −9 4 −9 4

(c). ψ = Q =? for a sphere of radius r=4 follow the same procedure as in part (b) we will get ψ = 1.2πr4 × 10−9 =
(1.2πr4 )r=4 × 10−9 = 965nC

D3.4. Find total electric flux leaving the cubical surface formed by the six planes at x,y,z=±5

(a). since both the given charges are enclosed by the cubical volume ( as evident by their given locations) according
to the gauss’s law ψ = Q1 + Q2 = 0.1µC + (1/7)µC = 0.243µC

(b). ρL = πµC at (-2,3,z), clearly this line charge distribution is passing through point x=-2 and y=3 and is parallel
to z axis, the total length of this charge distribution enclosed by the given cubical volume is 10 units as z = ±5 so
ψ = Q = ρL × 10 = πµ × 10 = 31.4µC

(c). ρs = 0.1µC on the plane y=3x, now this is a straight line equation in xy plane which passes through the
origin,we need to find the length of this line which is enclosed by the given volume, and once we find it, this length
is moving up and down along z axis between z = ±5 to form a plane, by putting y=5 p we get x=5/3 and hence the
length of this line on the plane formed by the +ive x and +ive y axis is given by 52 + (5/3)2 = 5.270, the same
length we will get on the plane formed by -ive x and -ive y axix and the sum of these two lengths is 10.540,now
this straight line is moving between z = ±5 to form a plane whose area is given by 10×10.540 = 105.40, and this
plane has a surface charge density ρs = 0.1µC now according to gauss’s law ψ = Qenclosed ⇒ ψ = ρs × (area of the
plane)⇒ ψ = 0.1µC × (105.40) = 10.54µC

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This document is prepared in LATEX. (Email: ahmadsajjad01@ciit.net.pk)

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D3.5.(a).at r=0.5cm It is very much clear that a sphere of this much radius will enclose only the point charge
~ = (Q/4πr2 )âr ⇒ D
0.25 µC which is located at the origin now D ~ = (0.25 × 10−6 /4π(0.5 × 10−2 )2 )âr = 796âr µC

(b). at r = 1.5cm It is again clear that a sphere of this much radius will enclose the point charge 0.25µC which is
located at the origin and also the uniform surface charge density of 2 × 10−3 C/m2 which is uniformly distributed
over a sphere of radius r = 1 now we have Q1 = 0.25 µC and Q2 = ρs × area of sphere= 2×10−3 C × 4π(1 × 10−2 )2 =
2.513 × 10−6 C and now D ~ = (Q1 + Q2 /4πr2 )âr ⇒ D
~ = ((0.25 × 10−6 + 2.513 × 10−6 )/4π(1.5 × 10−2 )2 )âr
~
⇒ D = 977âr µC/m 2

(c). It is the same as part(b) the only difference is that now we have r = 2.5 which not only encloses the charges Q1
and Q2 (same as in part(b)) but also encloses Q3 and we can calculate the value of Q3 just like we calculated Q2 but
for Q3 calculation we are going to use r = 1.8cm and ρs = −0.6mC/m2
Q3 = ρs × area of sphere= -0.6×10−3 C × 4π(1.8 × 10−2 )2 = −2.5 × 10−6 C and then the rest of the problem is same
as part(b)

(d). find ρs at r = 3 to make D~ = 0 at r = 3.5cm

now the point is that the uniform surface charge density established at r = 3 should give us a charge Q4 equal to the
~ = (Q1 +Q2 +Q3 +Q4 /4πr2 )âr it should give us
sum of Q1 , Q2 and Q3 but opposite in sign, so that when we calculate D
a 0 value, now Q1 +Q2 +Q3 = 0.25×10 C and Q4 = ρs × (area of sphere)r=3 ⇒ −0.25×10−6 C = ρs ×4π(3×10−2 )2
−6

⇒ ρs = 0.25 × 10−6 C/4π(3 × 10−2 )2 = −28.3µC/m2

D3.6(a). Since we are going to find the total electric Hflux passing through
R3R2
the given rectangular surface in the âz
~ ~ ~
direction at z = 2, so we get ds = dxdyâz and now ψ = D · ds ⇒ ψ = 1 0 (8xyz 4 âx + 4x2 z 4 ây + 16x2 yz 3 âz ) · dxdyâz
⇒ ψ = 13 02 16x2 yz 3 dxdy = 16z 3 13 ydy 02 x2 dx = (16z 3 × 4 × 8/3)z=2 = 1365pC
R R R R

~ = o E
(b). D ~ ⇒E ~ = D/
~ o = ((8xyz 4 âx + 4x2 z 4 ây + 16x2 yz 3 âz ) × 10−12 /8.85 × 10−12 )x=2,y=−1,z=3
⇒E ~ = 146.4âx + 146.4ây − 195.2âz V /m

(c). Find Q, ∆v = 10−12 m3

now ∂ D~ x /∂x = ∂(8xyz 4 )/∂x = (8yz 4 )x=2,y=−1,z=3 = −648, ∂ D
~ y /∂y = ∂(4x2 z 4 )/∂y = 0, ∂ D
~ z /∂z = ∂(16x2 yz 3 )/∂z
= (48x2 yz 2 )x=2,y=−1,z=3 = −1728, now charge enclosed in volume ∆v = (∂ D ~ x /∂x + ∂ D~ y /∂y + ∂ D
~ z /∂z) × ∆v =
(−648 − 1728) × 10 −12 × 10−12 = −2.38 × 10 C −24

~ atPA (2, 3, −1), D

D3.7. (a). Find divD, ~ = (2xyz − y 2 )âx + (x2 z − 2xy)ây + x2 yâz
~ = (∂ D
div D ~ x /∂x + ∂ D
~ y /∂y + ∂ D
~ z /∂z) = (2yz − 2x)x=2,y=3,z=−1 = −10

(b). Find divD, ~ atPB (ρ = 2, φ = 110o , z = −1), D ~ = 2ρz 2 sin2 φâρ + ρz 2 sin 2φaφ + 2ρ2 z sin2 φâz
div D~ = (1/ρ)∂(ρD ~ ρ )/∂ρ + (1/ρ)∂ D ~ φ /∂φ + ∂ D~ z /∂z
⇒(1/ρ)∂(ρD ~ ρ )/∂ρ = (1/ρ)∂(2ρ2 z 2 sin2 φ)/∂ρ = (1/ρ)(4ρz 2 sin2 φ) = (4z 2 sin2 φ)ρ=2,φ=110o ,z=−1 = 3.532
⇒(1/ρ)∂ D ~ φ /∂φ = (1/ρ)∂(ρz 2 sin 2φ)/∂φ = (1/ρ)(2ρz 2 cos 2φ) = (2z 2 cos 2φ)ρ=2,φ=110o ,z=−1 = −1.532
⇒ ∂D ~ z /∂z = ∂(2ρ2 z sin2 φ)/∂z = (2ρ2 sin2 φ)ρ=2,φ=110o ,z=−1 = 7.064
⇒ div D ~ = (1/ρ)∂(ρD ~ ρ )/∂ρ + (1/ρ)∂ D~ φ /∂φ + ∂ D~ z /∂z = 3.532 − 1.532 + 7.064 = 9.06

~ in spherical coordinates as given

(c). Part (c) is similar to part (b) but we have to use the formula for div D
in the book.

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D3.8. Find volume charge density ρv

~ = (4xy/z)âx + (2x2 /z)ây − (2x2 y/z 2 )âz

(a).D
~ x /∂x + ∂ D
ρv = (∂ D ~ y /∂y + ∂ D
~ z /∂z)
ρv = 4y/z + 0 + 4x y/z = (4y/z 3 )(x2 + z 2 )
2 3

(b). Use the equation of ρv for cylindrical co ordinates,rest is the same as part(a)

(c). Use the equation of ρv for spherical co ordinates,rest is the same as part(a)

D3.9. D ~ = (6ρ sin(φ/2))âρ + (1.5ρ cos(φ/2))âφ

H
D ~ = R ∆· dv
~ · ds
sH vol
⇒ D ~ = H ((6ρ sin(φ/2))âρ + (1.5ρ cos(φ/2))âφ ) · (ρdφdzâρ − dρdzâφ )
~ · ds
Hs s H
⇒ s (6ρ sin(φ/2)ρdφdz − s (1.5ρ cos(φ/2)dρdz
⇒ 0π 05 (6ρ sin(φ/2)ρdφdz − 02 05 (1.5ρ cos(φ/2)dρdz (this second surface lies at φ = 0o )
R R R R

⇒ 6ρ2 0π (sin(φ/2)dφ 05 dz − (1.5 cos(φ/2)) 02 ρdρ 05 dz

R R R R

⇒24 × | −2 cos(φ/2) |π0 × | z |50 −(1.5 cos(φ/2))× | ρ2 /2 |20 × | z |50

⇒ 24 × 2 × 5 − ((1.5 cos(φ/2)) × 2 × 10)φ=0o = 240 − 15 = 225
~
now ∆ · D=(1/ρ)∂(ρ D ~ φ /∂φ + ∂ D
~ ρ )/∂ρ + (1/ρ)∂ D ~ z /∂z
⇒ (1/ρ)∂(ρD ~ ρ )/∂ρ = (1/ρ)∂(ρ(6ρ sin(φ/2))/∂ρ = (1/ρ)∂(6ρ2 sin(φ/2)/∂ρ = 12 sin φ/2
⇒ (1/ρ)∂(D ~ φ )/∂φ = (1/ρ)∂((1.5ρ cos(φ/2))/∂φ = (−1.5/2) sin φ/2
⇒ ∆ · D=(1/ρ)∂(ρD ~ )/∂ρ + (1/ρ)∂ D ~ φ /∂φ + ∂ D
~ z /∂z = 12 sin φ/2 + (−1.5/2) sin φ/2 = 11.25 sin φ/2
R R π R 2 Rρ5 Rπ R2 R5
vol ∆ · D dv= 0 0 0 (11.25 sin φ/2)ρdφdρdz = 11.25 0 (sin φ/2)dφ 0 ρdρ 0 dz
⇒ 11.25× | −2cos(φ/2) |π0 × | ρ2 /2 |20 × | z |50 = 11.25 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 225

THE END