Senior High School

Personal
Development
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Knowing Oneself
 Personal Development – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Knowing Oneself
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor

Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writers: Hernani D. Patches Jr.
Editors: Amalia c. Solis, EPS
Reviewers: Hernani D. Patches Jr. (Content)
Marieta A. Dar (Language) Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director Name of Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief Name of CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division
Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, EPS In Charge of LRMS
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – National Capital Region
Office Address: ____________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Personal Development-11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Knowing Oneself.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social,
and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time.
Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st-century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This containshelpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to Personal Development 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Knowing Oneself!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our
hands, we learn, we create and we accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you, as a learner, can be
empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own
pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to
take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one.
What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. It aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled out to process what you
learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provide an activity which will help you apply your new knowledge or skills into real life
situations or concerns.

Assessment This task aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skills
on
the lesson learned. This also tests your retention of the learned concepts.

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 Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following reminders serve as your guide in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises.
2. Answer first What I Know before moving on to other activities included in the module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

As we immerse ourselves in ‘Knowing Ourselves” in the process, it is necessary to know some similar aspects and topic that pertains
in the study of self. This may include individuals in seeing our “self” as a growing person inside the society, and this may cross-
sectionally tackle the philosophical, bio-psycho-social aspect of the self, including the Self-Concept and its relation to the social norms
or our society.
The module shall discuss namely the following:

• Lesson 1 – Limitations and Strengths of the Individual; and how the uniqueness of the individual can be accepted by others.
• Lesson 2 – Understanding unique characteristics, habits and experiences of individual as a part of development and
knowledge of the self.

Most Essential Learning Competency:

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and limitations and dealing with others better;
2. Share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences; and
3. Start a Journal Diary to be sustained at the end of subject course.

What I Know

Instruction: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct; otherwise, write FALSE.
1. _________ Our self-knowledge cannot be influenced by our past.
2. _________ In determining our ideal self in the society, we must see our behavior on an everyday basis.
3. _________ Being private is irrelevant if we wish to continue in developing our actual self.
4. _________ Through studies conducted in history, our parents have no important role in child-rearing practices.
5. _________ In bio-psychology and cultural psychology, the crossing path of hereditary and environment are irrelevant and
shaping the self concept.
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6. _________ Allowing ourselves to be molded by our surroundings and be influenced by others is a decisional aspect in reshaping
our ideal self.
7. _________ We cannot change our behavior, hence our destiny when it comes to familial or hereditary inclination.
8. _________ In determining our self-concept, three categories of the self must be considered.
9. _________ In the early stages of development among children, oftentimes, they are independent. Hence, they do not let their
behavior be influenced; neither do they need approval from their parents.
10. ________ The self has no privacy, as often depicted in social media; we allow ourselves to be seen as who we are and what we
do.

Lesson 1 Self-Development: Knowing Oneself

Many of our millennials jump to conclusions about themselves knowing more what, know and believe they do about themselves
and technology has improved this definition through apps and media, especially how they used these platforms in defining themselves
(Social Media and Doubt; Jacobson, 2020) . Their social media profiles give a new meaning to who they are as a person living in this
digital age. However, this does not answer the most and perhaps the fundamental question, “Do you know yourself?” Often, this
question delves into the fundamental entity of ourselves, the basic question of understanding ourselves, not just through our
expressions in social platforms and the like but, deals in more “How much do we know about our self?” in the process.

What’s In

Do you still remember your scores when you took your NCAE in junior high school? Have you thought about what you will do
after your Senior High School or beyond your college years? A great way to refresh dreams and reminisce about your future
endeavors is to remember your “ideal self.” Psychologists often call this "future self." Below is a simple drill to refresh your “current
self.”

ACTIVITY 1.1: My Self Through the Years

Instruction: Paste a picture of you when you were in elementary, in high school, and now that you are in senior high school. Below
the picture, list down your salient characteristics that you remember.
My Elementary Self My High School Self My Senior High School

ANALYSIS
After having examined your “self” in its different stages, fill out the table below:
Similarities in all stages of my “self” Differences in my “self” across the Possible reasons for the differences in me
three stages of my life

Follow up Questions:
1. How do you compare yourself now from before? How do you fair to your improvements?
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__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think you can achieve more “now”, than that you were small? Cite some examples.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

3. There are many instances where in you can choose who you can be as of now. Why this current “self”? Explain.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

What is It

The Self, in contemporary literature and even common sense, is commonly defined by the following characteristics: “separate,
self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and private” (Stevens, 1996). When we talk about the self, being “separate,” it means
it is distinct, different and unique from others. It has its own uniqueness that defines him/her from others. It has an identity of its own,
even twins, may it be fraternal, is very much distinct from the other. When we are talking about “self-contained,” we describe its
existence as having its own independence. It may exist with or without others; it is self-containing of its own thoughts, characteristics
and volition. For example, we make our profile pictures in social media, carefully choosing a picture that expresses more of our
thoughts, that tells us of what we are, that tells us what we are in real life. Although, in these given times, it is easy to create another
“self” or deceive someone using a make-up “self”.
Nevertheless, although it is relatively easy to make another “self” in this age of social media and advance technology, the “self” is
very much consistent and persisting. Every “self” has its own personality that is enduring, that lasts during late adolescence. Its
uniqueness and its consistency allow it to be studied, described and even measured (also means that a particular self’s traits,
characteristics, tendencies and potentialities) are very evident and distinguishable from other “selves.” The Self is unitary in that it is
the center of all experiences and thoughts that run a particular person. It is the topmost executive in an individual where all processes,
emotions, and thoughts converged. Lastly, the self is private. A person may sort out information, feelings and emotions, and thought
processes within the self. The whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self. This suggests that the self is isolated from the
external world. It lives within its own world.

Having in its own world means, you can create or nurture what you can be (ideal self) or maintain/improve your current self
(actual self). The ideal self pertains to the image or aspirations of what you want to become. This may be similar in hoping
characteristics that you do not possess as of the moment, but may one day be part of
who you are, just like what Filipinos tend to watch in various talent shows. This may be the
ability to have a beautiful voice; or have different achievements like the characteristics of
your idols or other international figures (Michael Jordan, Sarah Geronimo etc.) While
the actual self as the term implies “actual”, is your present self that you see on the daily
basis. It is the self that is constantly keeping in touch in your everyday experiences. It has
the potential to improve or develop as deemed by every individual. This may also pertain to
the gifts that you possess that is innate in you when you were born.

Combining these two categories of the self, it

established the distinction of the Self-Concept. This is a
collection of beliefs about one’s basic nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior. Although we may
have so many dimensions in which we describe ourselves such as “I’m grateful” or “I’m friendly”, we
have separate concepts of our physical, social, emotional and intellectual selves; yet we are still
referring to one single entity that is unique and very distinct from others (Don Hamachek, 1992). Our
various self-concepts are characterized by relatively distinct thoughts and feelings. That is, we may
have considerable information about our social skills and feel quite confident with regard to them but
have limited information about our physical skills and feel less confident about this aspect of our self. When a particular self-
concept is operating, its attendant thoughts and feelings will strongly influence the way we process self-relevant information (Fiske
& Taylor, 1991).

There are several factors that shape self-concept. Among them are your own observations, feedback from others and cultural
values.

Your Own Observations

In the process of self-introspection, that may help you reevaluate your motivations and, in
real-time, observing what you do at this moment is one of the significant information about
your interest or dislike. During early childhood, we start observing our behavior and drawing
conclusions about ourselves. We are aware of what we do; we dislike; can and cannot do.
Although, when we are still children, our observations are not entirely correct or sometimes subject
to change and entirely up to us, to retain or to improve. We even compare our observed selves
from others. In

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social comparison theory, people need to compare themselves with others in order to gain insight into their own behavior (Festinger,
1954; Goethals & Darley, 1977; Wood, 1989). The potential impact of such social comparison was dramatically demonstrated in an
interesting study (Morse & Gergen, 1970).

Feedback from Others

Positive and negative criticisms also create an impact on self-concept. People talk about us or how they discriminate us give an
important aspect in shaping the self-concept. The amount of criticism, feedback we sometimes freely give, helps shape the current
self-concept of what we choose to be or not. As we grow old, the number of significant and non-significant people in our lives also
grows. Everyone contributes in reshaping the self-concept. Even our ability to accomplish something or destroy our selves comes from
painful remarks or constructive criticism of others. In child-rearing, especially the parents, has a unique and
essential role in reinforcing and shaping the self-concept. As children, we receive direct
feedback from them. Their constant approval and disapproval set guidelines for what
should be or not, shaping and inputting the values and characteristics of the children and,
later, becoming what they are when
they grow. The saying “Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga”, is a testament output family
values instilled in childhood rearing practices. Aside from children comparing their actions
from others, they also compare themselves to their parents. That is why sometimes, even
when our parents are gone, we still have their characteristics and values; we unconsciously
accept this as our self-concept, along with their approvals and disapprovals. Most of us,
especially when we are young, take this sort of feedback to heart. Thus, it is no surprise
that studies find an association between parents’ views of a child and the child’s self-
concept (Wylie, 1979). There is even more substantial evidence for a relationship between
children’s perception of their parents’ attitudes toward them and their self-perception (Wylie, 1979).

Cultural Values/ Cultural Guidelines

Self-concept is also indirectly influenced by cultural values. In the study of Cultural Psychology, in this age of technology and
social media, we accept our differences, especially on how we accept the culture and beliefs of others. Japanese society does not
tolerate corruption; the Philippines has always been influenced or has always had that familial clinging of thinking and protectiveness.
The Chinese have always thought to have a strong business minded stand in their points of view. The society in which we are raised
defines what is “good” and “bad” in personality and behavior. American culture tends to put a premium on individuality, competitive
success, strength and skills. These cultural values influence how we interpret our behavior. In the Philippines, our cultural values were
shaped by historical colonization, which is evident in our present society, particularly our strong family ties. Another is cultural
hospitality that is deemed acceptable as our nature. Even the dismal corruption that has been the perennial problem of the country also
shaped the tolerance of Filipinos as a way of answering societal problems..

Having Self-knowledge stems from the actual – self. It derives from our social interactions of society that provide insight into
how others react to us. It is the same as gaining feedback from others. The reaction of other people is an essential aspect of gaining
actual-self or our self-image. Even our social roles are adjusted, on how we view ourselves today, and how ideally (ideal self) what we
would like to be in the future. There is a negotiation that exists between the two selves, which is complicated by numerous exchanges
between the ideal self and actual self. These exchanges are exemplified in these social roles, and they are adjusted continuously and
re-adjusted.

What’s More
Activity 1.2: A “ME” Tree

Source: Howe & Howe. 1975 Personalizing Education Values Clarification and Beyond. (p. 97-98)
Instruction:
1. On the picture provided, write/ draw symbols/ or paste pictures of all of your strengths and talents/abilities- one strength or talent
per root.

2. On the branches/ write/ draw symbols or paste pictures of all your accomplishments and successes- one per branch.
3. Some roots and branches should be left empty so that new elements can be added as they happen in the future.
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4. Lastly, write your name on the trunk of the “Me Tree”.