AEROSPACE QUALITY

Module 5
AEROSPACE CERTIFICATION ASSURANCE AND
CERTIFICATION

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CONTENT
• DoD

• FAA

• DGCA

• CEMILAC

• Aerospace Quality manuals

• Aircraft Worthiness

• Documentation

• Safety Practices & Standards

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DoD
• The Department of Defense (DoD) is an executive branch department of
the federal government charged with coordinating and supervising all
agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national
security and the United States Armed Forces.

• Headquartered at the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, just outside

Washington, D.C., the DoD's stated mission is to provide "the military forces
needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security".

• The Department of Defense is headed by the Secretary of Defense, a

cabinet-level head who reports directly to the President of the United States.

• Beneath the Department of Defense are three subordinate military

departments: the United States Department of the Army, the United States
Department of the Navy, and the United States Department of the Air Force.

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DoD
• In addition, four national intelligence services are subordinate to the Department of Defense: the Defense
Intelligence Agency (DIA), the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency (NGA), and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO).

• Other Defense Agencies include the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Defense
Logistics Agency (DLA), the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), the Defense Health Agency (DHA), Defense Threat
Reduction Agency (DTRA), the Defense Security Service (DSS), and the Pentagon Force Protection
Agency (PFPA), all of which are under the command of the Secretary of Defense.

• Additionally, the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) provides acquisition insight that matters, by
delivering actionable acquisition intelligence from factory floor to the warfighter.

• Military operations are managed by ten regional or functional Unified combatant commands.

• The Department of Defense also operates several joint services schools, including the Eisenhower School (ES)
and the National War College (NWC).
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DoD
• The Department of Defense is composed of
the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD),
the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) and the Joint
Staff (JS), Office of the Inspector
General (DODIG), the Combatant Commands,
the Military Departments (Department of the
Army (DA), Department of the Navy (DON)
& Department of the Air Force (DAF)),
the Defense Agencies and Department of
Defense Field Activities, the National Guard
Bureau (NGB), and such other offices, agencies,
activities, organizations, and commands
established or designated by law, or by the
president or by the Secretary of Defense.

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FAA
• The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is a governmental body of the United
States with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation in that nation as well as over its
surrounding international waters.

• Its powers include the construction and operation of airports, air traffic management, the
certification of personnel and aircraft, and the protection of U.S. assets during the launch
or re-entry of commercial space vehicles.

• Powers over neighboring international waters were delegated to the FAA by authority of
the International Civil Aviation Organization.

• Created in August 1958, the FAA replaced the former Civil Aeronautics
Administration (CAA) and later became an agency within the US Department of
Transportation.

• The FAA is divided into four "lines of business" (LOB).

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FAA
1. Airports (ARP):
– Plans and develops projects involving airports, overseeing their construction and operations. Ensures
compliance with federal regulations.

2. Air Traffic Organization (ATO):

– Primary duty is to safely and efficiently move air traffic within the National Airspace System.
– ATO employees manage air traffic facilities including Airport Traffic Control Towers (ATCT) and Terminal
Radar Approach Control Facilities (TRACONs).

3. Aviation Safety (AVS):

– Responsible for aeronautical certification of personnel and aircraft, including pilots, airlines, and
mechanics.

4. Commercial Space Transportation (AST):

– Ensures protection of U.S. assets during the launch or reentry of commercial space vehicles
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FAA
• The FAA's roles include:

➢ Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation

➢ Regulating air navigation facilities' geometric and flight inspection standards

➢ Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology

➢ Issuing, suspending, or revoking pilot certificates

➢ Regulating civil aviation to promote transportation safety in the United States, especially through local offices
called Flight Standards District Offices

➢ Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft

➢ Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics

➢ Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation
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DGCA
• The Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the Indian
governmental regulatory body for civil aviation under the Ministry of Civil
Aviation.

• This directorate investigates aviation accidents and incidents. It is

headquartered in New Delhi.

• Following is the list of functions it carries :

1. Registration of civil aircraft

2. Certification of airports

3. Licensing of pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers, air traffic

controllers and flight engineers, and conducting examinations and
checks for that purpose
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DGCA
4. Carrying out amendments to the Aircraft Act, the Aircraft Rules and the Civil Aviation Requirements for
complying with the amendments to ICAO Annexes, and initiating proposals for amendment to any other Act
or for passing a new Act in order to give effect to an international Convention or amendment to an existing
convention.

5. Formulation of standards of airworthiness for civil aircraft registered in India and grant of certificates of
airworthiness to such aircraft

6. Conducting investigation into incidents and serious incidents involving aircraft up to 2250 kg AUW and taking
accident prevention measures, including formulation of implementation of Safety Aviation Management
Programs

7. Checks on the proficiency of flight crew and other operational personnel such as flight dispatchers and cabin
crew

8. Coordination of ICAO matters with all agencies, sending replies to State letters, and taking all necessary
action arising out of the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Program (USOAP) of ICAO. 10
DGCA
9. Granting Air Operator’s Certificates to Indian carriers and regulation of air transport services operating
to/from/within/over India by Indian and foreign operators, including clearance of scheduled and non-
scheduled flights of such operators

10. Approval of institutes engaged in flying training including simulator training, AME training, air traffic services
training or any other training related with aviation, with a view to ensuring a high quality of training

11. Approval to aircraft maintenance, repair, design and manufacturing organizations and their continued
oversight

12. A nodal agency for implementing Annex 9 provisions in India and for coordinating matters relating to
facilitation at Indian airports, including holding meetings of the National Facilitation Committee DGCA
Organisation Manual

13. Rendering advice to the Government on matters relating to air transport including bilateral air services
agreements, on ICAO matters and generally on all technical matters relating to civil aviation, and to act as an
overall regulatory and developmental body for civil aviation in the country 11
DGCA
14. Keeping a check on aircraft noise and engine emissions in accordance with ICAO Annex 16 and collaborating
with the environmental authorities in this matter, if required

15. Regulation and oversight of matters related to Air Navigation Services. Coordination at national level for flexi-
use of air space by civil and military air traffic agencies and interaction with ICAO for provision of more air
routes for civil use through Indian airspace

16. Promoting indigenous design and manufacture of aircraft and aircraft components by acting as a catalytic
agent

17. Approving training programs of operators for carriage of dangerous goods, issuing authorizations for carriage
of dangerous goods, etc.

18. Safety Oversight of all entities approved/ certified/ licensed under the Aircraft Rules 1937.

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DGCA
• DGCA is classified and divided into following departments:

➢ Administration Directorate ➢ Medical Section

➢ Aerodrome Standards Directorate (AD) ➢ Directorate of Training & Licensing (DTL)

➢ Airworthiness Directorate (DAW) ➢ Air Transport Directorate (AT)

➢ (Flight Standards Directorate (FSD) ➢ Air Safety Directorate (DAS)

➢ Information & Regulation Directorate (DRI)

➢ Aircraft Engineering Directorate (AED)

➢ Directorate Of Flying Training (DFT)

➢ Directorate of Airspace and Air Navigation Services Standards (ANSS)

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CEMILAC
• The Centre for Military Airworthiness &
Certification (CEMILAC) is a laboratory of
the Indian Defence Research and Development
Organisation (DRDO).

• It performs Airworthiness Certification Activities related to

Aircraft, Helicopters, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Air
Launched vehicles, Engines.

• Also activities related to the Systems operated by the Indian

Air Force, Navy, Coast Guard and Army is carried out.

• CEMILAC’s corporate office is located at Bangalore and

regional offices known as Regional Centre for Military
Airworthiness (RCMA) at different aero development centres
of India.
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CEMILAC
Introduction

• Airworthiness and safety have been major issues of concern in aviation.

• Failure consequences coupled with exacting operational needs and stringent environmental conditions
demand strict control over all facets of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of aircraft.

• The minimum acceptable levels of safety and reliability necessitate an independent regulatory assurance
system which anticipates potential failures, assess deviations in design and manufacture, simulates operational
demands, evaluates and certifies designs to ensure airworthiness.

• CEMILAC undertakes life evaluation of aircraft, helicopter, engines and accessories to fully exploit the life
potential of its operational aircraft with the Military.

• As a result of these exercises, the life of many front line combat aircraft, helicopters, jets and turbo-prop
engines, rotables and parachutes have been extended.

• This activity has resulted in exploitation of the design life thus saving of vast sums in FE. 15
CEMILAC

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CEMILAC
• CEMILAC is mandated to approve products developed by
DRDO, Public Sector and Private companies in India and
abroad for Indian Military Aircraft.

• Has acted as catalyst for indigenizing several airborne

equipment and items including cables, GPS, batteries and
aircraft fuels worth several millions of Rupees.

• Accorded 1079 Type Approvals to items used on different

aircraft, helicopters and engines after conducting rigorous
and thorough evaluation, thus contributing
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towards operational readiness of the fleet.
AEROSPACE QUALITY MANUALS
• A quality manual is a document that states the company’s intentions for operating the processes within the
quality management system.

• It can include policies for all areas of the business that affect your ability to make high quality products and
meet your customers’ and ISO’s requirements.

• These policies define how your department managers will implement procedures within the boundaries
specified in the quality manual.

• Uses for quality manual are:

➢ To communicate management’s expectations to employees

➢ To demonstrate the company’s plan to conform to the requirements of ISO 9001:2015

➢ To demonstrate the fulfillment of Clause 5.3, that organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities are
assigned, communicated and understood
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AEROSPACE QUALITY MANUALS
➢ To provide a starting point for auditors:

– Internal

– Customer

– ISO Certification Body

• The world’s major aerospace contractors decided that an internationally accepted standard would work best in
the long run.

• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) had developed the first ISO 9000 quality standard.

• This became the de facto quality standard for the aerospace business.
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AEROSPACE QUALITY MANUALS
• For users of ISO 9001:2015, the contents of quality manual are completely up to them.

• Here are some common topics included in quality manuals.

➢ Quality policy

➢ Explanation of the company’s documentation structure

➢ Organizational chart

➢ Policy statements for each applicable ISO requirement

➢ Reference to operating procedures

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AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS
• Certificate of Airworthiness

• Rule 15 requires that all aircraft registered in India to possess a current and valid Certificate of Airworthiness
(C of A) before it is flown.

• An aircraft can be flown without a valid C of A for the purpose of flight test for renewal of C of A in the vicinity
of the departing Aerodrome.

• DGCA under the provisions of Rule 50 issues/renew or revalidates the Certificate of Airworthiness.

• Civil Aviation Requirements Section 2 Series 'F' Part III gives the procedure for issue of C of A while Civil
Aviation Requirements Section 2 Series 'F' Part IV gives the procedure for renewal of C of A.

• Special Flight Permits

• DGCA may grant specific permission Rule 55 to operate an aircraft whose C of A has been suspended, or
deemed to be suspended, or has become invalid.
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AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS
• DGCA issues continuing airworthiness information in the form of Mandatory Modifications/ Inspections which
prescribe the mandatory actions required for the continued safe operation of the aircraft.

• These mandatory modification/inspection notify aircraft owners of unsafe and other conditions affecting the
airworthiness of their aircraft and/or accessories.

• The related rules on the subject:

1. Rule 49D provides for incorporation of modification in aircraft and/or accessories for continued validity of
Type Certificate.

2. Rule 50A requires modifications/ inspections to be carried out in aircraft/accessories in the interest of safety
as a condition of the Certificate of Airworthiness of Aircraft remaining in force.

3. Rule 52 lays down the acceptable standard for modification/repair and form and manner of distribution of the
compliance certificate for the same and preservation thereof.
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SAFETY PRACTICES AND STANDARDS
• The Air Commerce Act of 1926 established for the first time federal responsibility for the regulation of civil
aviation in the United States.

• The basic features of that act - registration, periodic examination, rating of aircraft as to airworthiness, and
rating of the qualifications of crew members - were carried over into the Federal Aviation Act of 1958.

• The Federal Aviation Act established the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) as an independent agency
responsible for regulating the safety of aviation and the Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) as an independent
agency responsible for its economic regulation.

• FAA's effort to satisfy the mandate is accomplished largely through the exercise of its regulatory powers in the
promulgation of Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) by headquarters in Washington, D.C., and the
enforcement of FARs by regional offices.

• FARs are adopted in accordance with rule-making procedures that provide for public participation—from
preliminary determination of need, through development and publication, to final promulgation and
application (except in special circumstances, such as safety emergencies that require immediate action). 23
SAFETY PRACTICES AND STANDARDS
• The processes by which FAA seeks to ensure the inherent safety and airworthiness of aircraft are type

certification, which ensures that the design of particular new aircraft complies with statutes and applicable rules

and regulations, and the establishment of standards that must be met by manufacturers and air carriers in the

course of designing, producing, operating, and maintaining aircraft.

• Accordingly, FARs have been established that govern airworthiness standards for commercial transport

airplanes and certification and operation of domestic, flag (foreign), and supplemental air carriers and

commercial operators of large aircraft.

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REFERENCES
• http://dl4a.org/uploads/pdf/581SPC.pdf
• http://www.just.edu.jo/~haalshraideh/QC/c01.pdf
• http://bmepedia.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/6/8/26683759/unit_4_quality_control.pdf
• http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1022.6121&rep=rep1&type=pdf
• https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/72229/file-15561460-pdf/docs/fta_qualityassurance_qualitycontrol_guidelines.pdf
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251125790_Quality_Engineering_and_Management
• https://www.coursehero.com/file/31579973/Quality-Systems-Presentationpdf/
• https://www.coursehero.com/file/8275327/Total-Quality-Management-and-Six-Sigma/
• http://164.100.133.129:81/econtent/Uploads/Total_Quality_Management.pdf

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Thankyou..

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