CARs Theory 2021 R3 - 22

Introduction to the Canadian
Aircraft Regulations (CARs), Human

Factors (HF) (WHMIS) and Safety
Management Systems (SMS)
ATAT 107
Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)
1
Introduction to the Canadian Aircraft Regulations (CARs), Human
Factors (HF) (WHMIS) and Safety Management Systems (SMS)
Welcome to ATAT 107, The Introduction to Canadian Aviation

Regulations (CARs), Human Factors (HF) (WHMIS) and Safety
Management Systems (SMS). Your Professors may be contacted as
follows:
For Professor Kunica use email: tkunica@centennialcollege.ca
For Professor Burns use email: jburns@centennialcollege.ca
For Professor Bird use email: mbird@centennialcollege.ca
2
Who or What Controls Aviation?
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Aviation Safety
4
Who is Responsible for Aviation Safety
Who Is Responsible for Aviation Safety?
Aviation safety is more than merely the

responsibility of the aviation service
providers. It is the responsibility of multiple
people and organizations.
5
Who is Responsible for Aviation Safety
Below is a list of a few of the contributors to aviation safety:
•Governmental organizations providing oversight (civil

aviation authorities);
•ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization);
•Aircraft and parts manufacturers;
•Employees;
•Maintenance organizations;
•Fuel providers;
•Customers; and
•Related service providers.
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Internationally - ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization
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❖ At the first ICAO Assembly held in May 1947,

Resolution A1-2 was adopted by unanimous
vote of the 32 Contracting States represented at
the 3rd Plenary Meeting.
❖ Formed post WWII
8
❖ President Warner signed the protocol on 3

October 1947 and ICAO became a UN
specialized agency
9
❖ Article 64: The Organization may, with respect

to air matters within its competence directly
affecting world security, by vote of the
Assembly, enter into appropriate arrangements
with any general organization set up by the
nations of the world to preserve peace.
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ICAO - Internationally
“ICAO” - INTERNATIONALLY
❖ Specialized agency of the United Nations
❖ Promotes Global Safe and Orderly development of International civil

aviation
❖ Sets standards and regulations for aviation safety
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ICAO – Domestically
“ICAO” - DOMESTICALLY
❖ Each I.C.A.O member state is required to establish a civil aviation

authority to govern over aviation affairs.
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In Canada – Transport Canada
TRANSPORT CANADA
❖ Transport Canada Civil Aviation (T.C.C.A) is the regulator of

aviation in Canada. It is generally referred to as Transport Canada
(TC) or Department of Transport (DOT)
❖ Oversite or govern all aspects of civilian aviation in Canada
❖ “The development of regulations and national standards, as well as

for the implementation of monitoring, testing, inspections and
subsidy programs, which contribute to safety and security in the
aviation, marine, rail and road modes of transport.”
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In Canada – Transport Canada
TRANSPORT CANADA - Facts

❖ In 2019, pre COVID over 80.5 million passenger boarded. During
COVID their was just over 20 million.
❖ Four of every five (80%) aircraft were privately registered while 19%
were commercial and 1% registered as state.
❖ January 2020 data Canada was ranked as the country with the third
largest number of commercially registered aircraft, behind the United
States and China
Transport Canada Civil Aviation
TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

maintenance-manufacturing/databases-searches)
As of 2019 there were:
❖ 13,000 Plus Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AMEs); (About ½ are over the
age of 50 and 25% over the age of 60. ( what does this mean for you)
❖ There are domestic and international aircraft maintenance Approved

Training Organizations (ATOs);
❖ There are approximately 700 to 1000 Approved Maintenance Organizations

(AMOs);

Canadian Aircraft:
❖2558 helicopters
❖654 gliders
❖474 balloons
❖179 gyrocopters

Canadian Aircraft:
❖29,284 total aircraft


Canadian Aircraft:
❖2558 helicopters

Canadian Aircraft:
❖654 gliders

Canadian Aircraft:
❖474 balloons

Canadian Aircraft:
❖179 gyrocopters
TRANSPORT CANADA
Director General, Civil Aviation:

The functional relationship allows
the Director General, Civil Aviation
(DGCA) to provide direction within
the scope of the Civil Aviation Directorate. The line
relationship signifies a command over resources
and activities.
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TRANSPORT CANADA
Transport Canada oversees aviation in Canada through offices located

in six (6) regions
The Transport Canada regions are:
1. Pacific Region 4. Quebec Region

2. Prairie & Northern Region 5. Atlantic Region
3. Ontario Region 6. National Capitol Region
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Regions in Canada
Transport Canada has offices located in five regions :
1) Toronto
2) Montreal
3) Winnipeg
4) Vancouver
5) Moncton
Transport Canada Civil Aviation (T.C.C.A.) is divided into nine (9)

‘Branches.’ (R2022)
1) Safety Policy and Intelligence Branch

2) Regulatory Affairs Branch
3) Standards Branch (AART)
4) Management and Resource Services Branch
5) Directors General Office (DGO) Branch
6) National Aircraft Certification Branch
7) National Operations Branch
8) Medicine Branch
9) Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) Task Force
TRANSPORT CANADA
❖ The maintenance and manufacturing of aircraft in Canada, as well

as the licensing of Aircraft Maintenance Engineers fall under the
Standards Branch of TCCA.
❖ This is the branch Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AME’s) are

involved with on a regular basis
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TRANSPORT CANADA (R2022)

❖ Each ‘Branch’ of TCCA is divided into different ‘Divisions.’
❖ Divisions’ within the ‘Standards Branch’ are responsible for the

development and revision of standards related to operational
airworthiness, safety management systems, aircraft certification, air
operators certification & flight operations, aerodromes & air
navigation, aviation occupational health & safety and general
aviation. It also includes enforcement, safety promotion and
education for the aviation industry.
❖ The Standards branch manages and publishes the Transport
Canada Aeronautical Information Manual (TC AIM) as well as the
Aviation Safety Letter (ASL).
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TRANSPORT CANADA
❖ The issuance of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licenses, currently falls

under the Operational Airworthiness Division of the Standards Branch.
❖ The ‘Operational Airworthiness’ division of the ‘Standards Branch’ may also

be referred to as: ‘Aircraft Maintenance and Manufacturing’
❖ Transport Canada Aircraft Maintenance and Manufacturing is responsible

for ensuring that all aeronautical products built, operated or maintained
under Canadian control conform to national and international airworthiness
standards. (International standards established by I.C.A.O.)
30
Terms and Definitions:
• Minister: means
• (a) subject to paragraph (b), the Minister of
Transport or any other Minister that is
designated by the Governor in Council as the
Minister for the purposes of this Act,
11/20/2015 Aviation Technician - r/17 - AIRC 123 31

How is Aviation Regulated in Canada ?
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The Aeronautics Act
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The Aeronautics Act
AERONAUTICS ACT
The Aeronautics Act and any Regulations developed as a result of the

Act apply to:
❖ All persons and aeronautical products in Canada
❖ All persons outside Canada holding a Canadian aviation document
❖ All Canadian aircraft and passengers and crew members outside

Canada
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The Aeronautics Act
AERONAUTICS ACT
❖ An Act that was passed by the Federal Government to authorize the

control of Aeronautics in Canada.
❖ This Act is in compliance with the Convention on International Civil

Aviation signed at Chicago, 7 December 1944, to which Canada is
an original signatory.
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The Aeronautics Act
AERONAUTICS ACT
❖ Current version of the Aeronautics Act was promulgated in 1985 and was most
recently amended on 12 January 2012.
❖ Authorizes the creation of the Canadian Aviation Regulations. (A.A. Section 4.9)
❖ The official version may be viewed by the public at the Justice Department’s
‘Justice Laws Website’
❖ Identifies duties of the Minister of Transport and allows for development of the TC.
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The Aeronautics Act
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The Aeronautics Act - Mandates
MANDATES OF THE AERONAUTICS ACT
❖ The publishing of all new regulations and amendments in the

Canada Gazette for review by citizens of Canada before they are
brought into force.
❖ The development of Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada and

authorizes the Minister to establish boards of inquiry relating to
aviation accidents and safety.
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The Aeronautics Act - Mandates
MANDATES OF THE AERONAUTICS ACT
❖ Also authorizes the Minister of Transport to assess monetary

penalties to individuals or corporations for instances of non-
compliance with the Canadian Aviation Regulations.
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The Aeronautics Act – “Contravening the Act”
CONTRAVENING THE AERONAUTICS ACT
❖ Contravening the Aeronautics Act is a very serious breach of rules. It

can result, for each contravention, with an offender being fined,
imprisoned or both. In the case of a corporation, the corporation can
be fined for each contravention. In both cases, aviation documents
may be suspended.
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The Regulation of Aeronautics in Canada
THE REGULATION OF AERONAUTICS IN CANADA
1. As a democratic country, the control of aeronautics in Canada must be done

in accordance with the rule of law, in an open and transparent way.
2. Laws are created by various levels of elected governments to produce an

orderly and socially acceptable forms of rules.
3. In Canada, aviation is controlled by the federal level of government.
4. The rules surrounding civil aviation follow a strict hierarchy that start with
the passing of an ‘Act of Parliament’.
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Regulation of Aeronautics in Canada
REGULATION OF AERONAUTICS IN CANADA
5. When new regulations are required because of changing

requirements or regulatory shortfalls, all changes must follow a
democratic process.
6. The public has the opportunity to provide input into the regulatory
process. This happens through the Canadian Aviation Regulation
Advisory Council (C.A.R.A.C.) and through the publication of
proposed changes in the Canada Gazette.
7. Proposed changes are first published in the Canada Gazette 1, and

then in the Canada Gazette 2, prior to adoption.
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How are Civil Aviation initiatives identified and
prioritized?
43
How are Civil Aviation initiatives identified and
prioritized?
Main Drivers Main Considerations
• Government of Canada and • Risk assessment (safety)

Ministerial priorities
• Public Interest
• - Speech from the throne, Budget,
Mandate letters, etc.
• Cost and benefit
considerations
• Transportation Safety Board
recommendations • Stakeholders consultations
• International Standards and • International impacts
Recommended Practices (alignment)
• - ICAO, FAA, EASA and other • International obligations
countries
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Canada Gazette?
CANADA GAZETTE – WHAT IS IT?
1. Official newspaper of the Government of Canada
2. Published since 1841
3. The purpose of the Canada Gazette is to provide Canadians with their

rightful access to the laws and regulations that govern their daily lives.
4. Provides Canadians with:

- Notices and proposed regulations
- Official regulations
- Acts of Parliament
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Navigate & Review the Status
Canadian Aviation Regulations (SOR/96-433): Regulatory change
https://tc.canada.ca/en/corporate-services/acts-regulations/list-
regulations/canadian-aviation-regulations-sor-96-433/canadian-aviation-
regulations-sor-96-433-regulatory-change#toc3
46
AME Responsibility?
Who is the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer

Responsible to?
Who is the AME responsible to?
THE AME IS RESPONSIBLE TO:
Owner/Operator Public/Owner
AME
Minister of Employer
Transport
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AME - Responsibility
AME RESPONSIBILITY
❖ You, as the AME, or someone you are responsible for supervising , might be
the last person on the ground to make an adjustment or repair to the aircraft
before it goes flying. That puts a large burden of responsibility on you!
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Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)
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What are the Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs)?
“They are the Rules of conduct made by the Federal

Cabinet, on the advice of the Minister of Transport”
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What are the Canadian Aviation Regulations?
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Regulations for the Operation of Aircraft - 1920
1920 Regulations For Operation Of Aircraft
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WAR OFFICE Dept. of the Army Regulations For Operation Of
Aircraft Commencing January 1920
1. Don’t take the machine into the air unless you are satisfied it will fly.
2. Never leave the ground with the motor leaking.
3. Don’t turn sharply when taxiing. Instead of turning sharp, have someone lift the tail
around.
4. In taking off, look at the ground and the air.
5. Never get out of the machine with the motor running until the pilot relieving you can
reach the motor controls.
6. Pilots should carry hankies in a handy place to wipe off goggles.
7. Riding on the steps, wings, or rail of the machine is prohibited.
8. In case the engine fails on takeoff, land straight ahead regardless of obstacles.
9. No machine must taxi faster than a man can walk.
10. Never run motor so that blast will blow on other machines.
Regulations for the Operation of Aircraft - 1920
11. Learn to gauge altitude, especially on landing.

12. If you see another machine near you, get out of the way.
13. No two cadets should ever ride together in the same machine.
14. Do not trust altitude instruments.
15. Before you begin a landing glide, see that no machines are under you.
16. Hedge-hopping will not be tolerated.
17. No spins on back or tail sides will be indulged in as they unnecessarily strain the machines.
18. If flying against the wind and you wish to fly with the wind, don’t make a sharp turn near the
ground. You may crash.
19. Motors have been known to stop during a long glide. If pilot wishes to use motor for landing,
he should open the throttle.
20. Don’t attempt to force the machine onto the ground with more than flying speed. The result
is bounding and ricocheting.
21. Pilots will not wear spurs while flying.
22. Do not use aeronautical gasoline in cars or motorcycles.
23. You must not take off or land closer than 50 feet to the hanger.
24. Never take a machine into the air until you are familiar with it’s controls and instruments.
Canadian Aviation Regulations Quick reference sheet
• Quick reference sheet TP 15286-E
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Canadian Aviation Regulations
CANADIAN AVIATION REGULATIONS (CAR’s)
❖ Creation of the Canadian Aviation Regulations came into force on 10

October 1996.
❖ The CARs are consolidation of the previous rules which include the
Air Regulations, Air Navigation Orders and Engineering and
Inspection Manual and Personnel Licensing Handbook. The
previous rules were out of date and did not represent modern
technology, difficult to understand, illogical in their organization,
overly complex and utilized legal language.
56
CANADIAN AVIATION REGULATIONS (CAR’s) Applying a Risk-

based Approach to Regulation (Next slide)
❖The CARs were developed taking into account

the safety risks inherent in aviation activities and
the potential consequences of non-compliance.
❖The level of regulation differs among the types of
activities. Commercial more regulation and
recreational less (self-regulation is encouraged)
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What is a Risk-based Approach:

Which is the best place to cross the street?
58
CARs – Types of Regulations
CARs DOCUMENT SUMMARY
❖Regulations (Offence & Administrative):

"regulations" must follow certain legal
requirements as set out in the Statutory
Instruments Act
CARs – Types of Regulations
THERE IS TWO TYPES OF REGULATIONS
1. Offence Creating Provisions: An offence-creating provision uses

mandatory words such as: "shall," "will," and "must." Where the
legislation states that a person "shall" do something, he or she has
no choice but to do it. Conversely, where a provision states that "no
person shall" do something, he or she is prohibited from doing a
certain act. It is always a conundrum which word to use.
2. Administrative Provisions: Identify an obligation on the part of

the Minister or designated representatives to the performance of a
task.
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CARs – Offence Creating Provisions
REGULATION TYPE ONE - OFFENCE CREATING PROVISIONS
Tells you “what to do” or “what not to do” CAR 605.05
Example: “Non-compliance to either is a violation of the CARs and

can result in judicial or administrative action as outlined in
CAR Part 1 Sub-Part 3. (Administration and Compliance
CAR 103)”
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CARs – Offence Creating Provisions
REGULATION TYPE ONE - OFFENCE CREATING PROVISIONS
Example: “What to do”: CAR 573.03(1)(a) - “An AMO certificate

holder shall appoint a person to be responsible for
maintenance;…”
Example: “What not to do”: CAR 602.29(1) - “No person shall

operate a hang glider or an ultra-light aeroplane,
(a) at night;
(b) in IFR flight;…”(IFR means instrument flight rules Cars
part 1)
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CARs – Administrative Provisions
REGULATION TYPE TWO - ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
Tells you what actions TC is responsible for once a specific objective

has been reached.
Example: CAR 705.02 (1) subject to section 6.71 of the Act, the
Minister shall, on receipt of an application submitted in the
form and number required by the commercial air service
standard, issue or amend an air operator certificate
where …”
63
CARs - Standards
In addition to Regulations we have

“Standards”
What are “Standards” in CARs?
STANDARDS
“Standards” are information on how-to comply with the regulation.
Example: CAR STD 222 Aircraft Markings & Registration:

222.01 - (1) Except in the circumstances described in subsection
202.07(1) of the Canadian Aviation Regulations the marks shall be
displayed on and affixed to a Canadian aircraft as follows ..
65
CARs – Documents Summary
❖ Standards:
❖There are two(2) principal types of standards:
1. those which set out criteria and conditions to
be met for the issuance and maintenance of a
Canadian aviation document
2. "how-to" of complying with a specific rule of
conduct.
CARs - Advisory Materials
In addition to Standards we have

“Advisory Materials”
What are “Advisory Material” in CARs
ADVISORY MATERIAL
❖ Provides extremely specific information relating to procedures which

aid with the compliance of a regulation or standard
❖ May come in the format of an FYI type document relating to industry

trends, occurrences or findings
❖ Advisories are found as appendices to the regulations and

standards or as stand alone documents
http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/standards/maintenance-regsdocs-menu-2944.htm
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CARs - Advisory Material
ADVISORY MATERIAL
Example: AWM 571 App. B - Altitude device inspection,

http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/civilaviation/regserv/cars/part5-standards-a571sb-1894.htm
Example: Feedback, Newsletters and Service Difficulty

Reports
69
Service Difficulty Reporting

CARS - Information Notes
In addition to Advisory Material we have

“Information Notes”
71
CARs - Information Notes
INFORMATION NOTES
1. Found within text of the CARs, and are a form of advisory

information.
2. Used to explain a specific statement immediately preceding the
Information note
3. Information notes used to explain or give examples and are not
enforceable as a regulation
4. All information notes are identified and printed in italics to prevent
confusion
72
CARs - Information Notes
INFORMATION NOTES
EXAMPLE: Information Note:
“While not qualifying for an approved course credit, students may still
qualify as having completed an acceptable course in aircraft
maintenance.”
73
CARs – Documents Summary
1. Regulations (Offence & Administrative)

2. Standards
3. Advisory Materials
4. Information Notes
CARs - Documents Regulatory Structure
REGULATORY STRUCTURE
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Accessing Information
ACCESSING INFORMATION
The most common way to access the Canadian Aviation Regulations

and their associated Standards and Advisory Material is through the
Internet.
76
CARs - Accessing Information
Where Do I Find These Documents?
Intwww.tc.gc.ca/civilaviation
OR
http://www.laws.justice.gc.ca
77
CARs – Accessing Information
❖ If you access the Canadian Aviation Regulations using the internet

or any other format, it is critical that you are accessing the most
current version of the documents. Your information must be up to
date! The documents must be current!
78
❖ CARs and their Standards are also available in CD / DVD format

and are still available in paper format.
❖ Both of these media types can be purchased through the Transport

Canada Publications Order Desk by phoning 1-888-830-4911,
emailing to publications@tc.gc.ca, faxing to 1-613-991-1653 or
mailing to: Chief, Operational Support Services Transport Canada
(AARA-MPS) 2655 Lancaster Road, Ottawa, ON, K1B 4L5
79
If you choose to purchase any of these publications in the non-internet

based format, please be aware that they are very expensive, and yearly
subscriptions can run into the thousands of dollars per year!
So, most people and organizations choose to access the CARs, and
other regulatory type documents for free, through the various Federal
Government websites.
80
CARs – Roman Numerals
ROMAN NUMERALS
The numeric system used in

ancient Rome, employs
combinations of letters from the
Latin alphabet to signify values.
The numbers 1 to 10 can be
expressed in Roman numerals as
follows: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, X.
81
CARs – Roman Numerals
ROMAN NUMERALS
Are used throughout the

Canadian Aviation Regulations.
When discussing the CARs refer
to the part in Roman numerals.
Example: - ‘Part V’ means Part 5
82
CARs – Divided into (10) parts
NUMBERING
• Divided into ten (X) parts:
Part I - General Provisions

Part II - Identification, Registration and Leasing of Aircraft
Part III - Aerodrome and Airports
Part IV - Personnel Licensing and Training
Part V - Airworthiness
83
CARs – Divided into 10 parts
NUMBERING
• Divided into (X) parts:
Part VI - General Operating and Flight Rules

Part VII - Commercial Air Services
Part VIII - Air Navigation Services
Part IX - Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems
Part X - Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Int'l Aviation (CORSIA)
84
CARs Numbering
NUMBERING
When the Canadian Aviation Regulations or their Standards are

referenced in print, they will always follow a standard format. It will look
something like this:
CAR 401.26 or
CAR STD 426.26
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CARs Numbering
NUMBERING
Reference: CAR 421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
➢ Part: 4 Personnel Licensing and Training

➢ Document Type: 2 Standard
➢ Sub-Part: 1 Flight Crew Permits...
➢ Section: .26 Aeroplanes-Requirements
➢ Sub-Section: (6) Credits
➢ Paragraph: (b) Experience
➢ Sub-paragraph: (ii) “Where an applicant…”
➢ Clause: (A) Helicopter...
➢ Sub-clause: (II) “maximum…”
86
CARs Numbering - Part
NUMBERING - Part
CAR 421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
This digit indicates the ‘Part’ of the Canadian Aviation Regulations

where the reference can be found.
In this case, it can be found in Part IV of the Canadian Aviation

Regulations, - ‘Personnel Licensing and Training’
87
CARs Numbering – Document type
NUMBERING – Document Type
CAR 421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
This digit identifies the ‘Document Type’ that you are looking at.
Depending what this number is, it can be a regulation, a standard or
advisory material. If the 2nd digit is a:
0 Then it is a Regulation
2 Then it is a Standard
4 Then it is a Advisory Material
88
CARs Numbering – Sub Part
NUMBERING – Sub Part
CAR 421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
This digit indicate the ‘Sub-Part’ number of the reference. It assists the
reader in determining where to find the text in the Part.
89
CARs Numbering - Section
NUMBERING – Section Number
CAR 421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
421.26(6)(b)(ii)(A)(II)
The digit(s) numbers found immediately after the . indicate the ‘Section
Number’ of the reference. It assists the reader in determining where to
find the text in the Part.
90
CARs – Airworthiness Part V
AIRWORTHINESS – Part V
❖ Part V of the CARs regulates airworthiness of aircraft from the

design and type certification stage to the maintenance of aircraft in
use. It includes the requirements respecting export, manufacture,
and distribution of aircraft and aeronautical products, and
requirements respecting continuing airworthiness.
❖ It is the largest part of the Canadian Aviation Regulations. Because

it is so large, it is not possible to maintain the same numbering
convention as the rest of the CARs.
91
CARs – Part V Numbering
NUMBERING – Why is Part V numbering different than the rest?
❖ Because of international obligations and harmonization, the

numbering of CAR Part V and the related standards published in the
Airworthiness Manual do not follow the conventional numbering
system of the other Parts of the CAR.
❖ The numbering in CAR Part V also closely follows parallel

regulations of Europe (E.A.S.A.) and the United States, (F.A.A.)
92
NUMBERING – PART V
The rules for numbering Part V are actually far simpler than the rest of the
Canadian Aviation Regulations. Part V is made up of Regulations and
Standards, the same as the rest of the CARs. However, in Part V’s case, the
one that you are reading will be clearly identified.
Regulations will always have the precursor: ‘CAR’ Example: CAR 573.10
Standards will always have the precursor: ‘STD’ Example: STD 573.10
When referencing Part V, you must use the proper convention, otherwise, the
reader may become confused.
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PART V NUMBERING - Remember
Regulations are maintained by the Federal Department of Justice.
94
PART V NUMBERING - Remember
Standards are maintained

by Transport Canada
95
PART V NUMBERING – Part Number
CAR or STD Part Number

CAR or STD 573.03(1)(c)(ii)
573.03(1)(c)(ii)(X)(XX)
The digit(s) found here indicate the ‘Part Number’ of the reference. As soon
as you see a ‘5’ here, the reader should be instantly aware that the numbering
system is not the same as the others. (CAR Part V)
96
PART V NUMBERING – Sub Part Number
CAR or STD Sub-Part Number

CAR or STD 573.03(1)(c)(ii)
573.03(1)(c)(ii)(X)(XX)
The digit(s) found here indicate the ‘Sub - Part Number’ of the reference. This number
will always be a two digit number that may have a ‘0’ as the first part of the two digit
number.
Example: CAR 507 - Regulation, Part V, Sub-Part 7.

STD 566 - Standard, Part V, Sub-Part 66
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CARs - Part V Numbering
PART V NUMBERING
In general, the regulations in Part V will have an associated standard. This

makes it very easy for the reader to find an acceptable method of satisfying the
regulation.
It also works the other way, where a standard in Part V will usually have an
associated regulation.
Example: CAR 573.10 will have an associated standard of STD 573.10

STD 571.03 will have an associated regulation of CAR 571.03
98
CAR 101 – Interpretation in these Regulations
INTERPRETATION IN THESE REGULATIONS (Subpart 1)
Part I of the Canadian Aviation Regulations, titled ‘General Provisions’,

is written to provide the reader with guidance and is divided into 9
subparts:
Subpart 1 – Interpretation
Subpart 2 - Application
Subpart 3 - Administration and Compliance
Subpart 4 – Charges
etc.
99
Because the Canadian Aviation Regulations are a legal instrument, the reader
must be very aware of the meanings of the language and words that are used
throughout the document. In CAR 101 which is Interpretation we learn the
meaning of the words
Be aware that what you think a word means, may not be the same when it
comes to the CAR’s.
Examples: Meaning of word ‘Infant’

‘Airports’ and ‘Aerodromes’
‘Flight Time’ vs. ‘Air Time’
100
It must also be mentioned that the list in CAR 101.01 is a generic list.
Not all of the definitions of words found in the Canadian Aviation
Regulations can be found there.
Many subparts of the regulations also have their own interpretation

subsection where specific words that are only found in that section are
explained.
Example: ‘Vintage Aircraft’. Only found in CAR 200.01

‘Large Aircraft’. Only found in CAR 600.01
101
CAR 102.01 - Application
APPLICATION (Subpart 2)
It is important to understand who the Canadian Aviation Regulations

are applicable to. Following the CARs Scheme, this information is also
found near the beginning of each Part.
The applicability of the CARs can be found in: CAR 102.01
102
CAR 102 states only that the Canadian Aviation Regulations DO NOT apply to:
(a)military aircraft of Her Majesty in right of Canada when they are being
maneuvered under the authority of the Minister of National Defense;
(b) military aircraft of a country other than Canada, to the extent that the Minister of
National Defense has exempted them from the application of these Regulations
pursuant to subsection 5.9(2) of the Act; or
(c) model aircraft, rockets, hovercraft or wing-in-ground-effect machines, unless
otherwise indicated in the Regulations
103
Canadian Aviation Regulations apply to EVERYONE except for Military operated aircraft
Foreign aircraft operated in Canada must also follow the rules contained in the CARs.
Canadian aircraft and Canadian aviation document holders must also follow the CARs
when they are operating / working in foreign countries.
If the foreign country has more restrictive regulations, then the Canadian aviation
document holder must follow the more restricted rules of the country they are in.
104
CAR 103 - Administration and Compliance
ADMINISTRATION AND COMPLIANCE (Subpart 3)
Subpart 3 of Part I, describes a process whereby the minister can make

amendments to standards.
It also gives the minister or their designate, with the authority to inspect
aircraft, and request the production of documents and prohibitions.
Under CAR 103, the minister may also refuse to issue, amend or renew
Canadian aviation documents. The minister may also suspend or
cancel a Canadian aviation document.
105
CAR 104 - Charges
CHARGES (Subpart 4)
At the end of Subpart 4 of Part I, the reader will also find a Schedule,
(Schedule II) where the maximum amounts of ‘Monetary Penalties’
(Fines) can be found for contravening all of the rules in the CARs.
Under that Schedule, there are maximum fines for both individuals and
corporations.
The maximum fines can range anywhere from $5,000 to $25,000 for
each violation. (Schedule II)
106
CAR 104 - Charges
CHARGES (Subpart 4)
Subpart 4 of Part I, authorizes the minister to charge fees for various

services that are provided by Transport Canada.
The fees that are charged are all found in Schedules I to VII of Subpart
4 of Part I. The charges found there are arranged by different
categories, depending on what service is required.
The charges can range anywhere in price from $504 for the issuance of
a ‘Transport Category’ airplane type certificate to $25 to validate a
foreign ‘Amateur Built’ flight authority.
107
CARs – Why AME’s ?
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS – WHY?
Why is there a need for Aircraft Maintenance Engineers in the first

place - There is a regulatory requirement for their existence! CAR
571.11 states in part that:
“Except as provided in subsections (2) and (7), no person other than

the holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer (AME) license issued
under Part IV, specifying a rating appropriate to the aeronautical
product being maintained, shall sign a maintenance release as
required by section 571.10”
108
CARs – Maintenance Release
MAINTENANCE RELEASE
CAR 605.85 states in part that: “no person shall conduct a take-off in an
aircraft, or permit a take-off to be conducted… where the aircraft has
undergone maintenance, unless the maintenance has been certified by
the signing of a maintenance release…”
This is a legal declaration that all of the rules have been followed.
109
MAINTENANCE RELEASE
❖ When a Maintenance Release is signed by an appropriately rated

Aircraft Maintenance Engineer, it is a declaration that, with respect
to the maintenance performed, the performance rules of CAR
571.02 have been complied with and the applicable standards of
airworthiness have been met.
❖ Remember, this is a legal declaration that all of the rules have

been followed.
110
MAINTENANCE RELEASE
❖ Maintenance Release Statement: CARs 571.10
❖ Student Action:
❖ Search the CARs for the maintenance release statement.
111
CARS – AME Duty
AME DUTY
❖ It is of prime importance to understand that the main function of

Aircraft Maintenance Engineers is not to actually carry out work on
aircraft.
❖ It is however, to certify that the maintenance performed has been

done in accordance with the applicable airworthiness requirements.
112
CARs – AME Licensing
REGULATIONS SURROUNDING AME LICENSES
CAR 571.11 also makes reference to the ‘holder of an appropriately

rated AME license issued under Part IV of the Canadian Aviation
Regulations’.
Therefore, unless you hold this Canadian aviation document, you are
prohibited by law from certifying maintenance on certain types of
aircraft or their parts.
113
❖ Part IV of the Canadian Aviation Regulations deals with Personnel

Licensing and Training.
❖ Subpart 3 of part IV deals with the rules surrounding Aircraft

Maintenance Engineer Licensing.
❖ CAR 403 is where people should start looking if they want to

become an A.M.E.
114
CAR 403 describes the requirements to be issued a Canadian Aircraft

Maintenance Engineer license.
An applicant, (you) must establish to the minister that you meet the
requirements set out in CAR 403.03
115
An applicant must establish (to the minister):
a) Their Citizenship
b) That they meet the requirements set out in Chapter 566.03 of

the Airworthiness Manual respecting:
116
CARs - AME Licensing
STANDARDS SURROUNDING THE AME
The requirements are set out in Chapter 566.03

Paperwork: Applicants must complete form #24-0083.
Fee: Pay the application fee I.A.W CAR 104 ($115 CAD).
Age: Applicants must be at least 21 years of age.
Basic Training: Successfully complete course.
Knowledge: Demonstrate required knowledge.
Experience: Demonstrate required experience.
Skill: Demonstrate required skill.
Exam: Pass the ‘Regulatory Requirements’ exam with at least 70%.
117
ISSUING THE AME LICENSE
Applicants for an AME license will have to fill in the following

Transport Canada Form: 24-0083 (Lets Go to the C
118
Item 12 of Schedule IV of CAR 104 authorizes the minister to charge

applicants $115 Canadian Dollars (CAD) for the issuance of an Aircraft
Maintenance Engineer license.
119
Applicants for an AME license must be at least 21 years of age.
120
Applicants for an AME licence must demonstrate that they have

successfully completed a basic training course
121
Applicants for an AME license

shall successfully complete all of the
applicable examinations
122
(c) Knowledge: Transport Canada

approved training courses include
technical examinations on the
subjects covered by the course.
Applicants shall successfully complete
all the applicable examinations for the
subjects concerned, conducted by the
ATO in accordance with its approved
procedures. As proof, the applicants
shall submit a certificate or letter,
issued by the ATO, attesting to the
successful completion of the
examinations. (Cars 566)
123
What is an ATO?
a. Australian Tax office?
b. Amazon Trusted Organization
c. Approved Training Operation
d. Approved Training organization
124
Depending on the type of AME license sought, there are different

experience requirements.
Experience requirements are listed in Appendix A of CAR Standard

566.
At the time of application, the applicants shall have acquired all but six
months of the required total experience.
125
Experience requirements expressed in months are predicated upon full

time employment of 1800 working hours per year. Applicants with part
time experience acquired at a lower rate than this may convert their
actual working hours to months at the rate of one month for each 150
working hours, but in no case can a higher rate of work be used to
obtain more than one month’s credit for each actual calendar month
worked.
126
Maintenance of military aircraft, or parts intended for installation on

military aircraft, may be counted toward the total and specialty
experience requirements, but not toward the civil aviation experience
requirement.
Maintenance of ultra-light, advanced ultra-light, amateur built, or owner

maintained aircraft, does not qualify for any experience credit.
127
CARs - AME Licensing (EXPERIENCE)
• Experience:
• (i) Applicants shall have acquired the applicable amount of total,
specialty, and civil aviation maintenance experience set forth in
Appendix A.
• As proof of experience, the applicants shall submit a personal

log book or equivalent document signed by the persons
responsible for the maintenance release of the work items
recorded.
• At the time of application, the applicants shall have acquired all but
six months of the required total experience.
128
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Personal
LOGBOOK (More on this in the next block)

• Credit toward the total aviation maintenance experience requirement shall

be granted for time spent in approved basic training, in the ratio of one
month’s credit for each 100 hours of training, up to a maximum of:
– (A) 24 months for M or E rating applicants.
– (B) 18 months for S rating applicants. Therefore a graduate from an
ATO with a curriculum of 1800 hours, would qualify for 18 months credit.
• (ii) Experience requirements expressed in months are predicated upon full

time employment of 1800 working hours per year. Applicants with part time
experience acquired at a lower rate than this may convert their actual
working hours to months at the rate of one month for each 150 working
hours, but in no case can a higher rate of work be used to obtain more than
one month’s credit for each actual calendar month worked.
130
• (iii) Maintenance of military aircraft, or parts

intended for installation on military aircraft, may
be counted toward the total and specialty
experience requirements, but not toward the civil
aviation experience requirement.
• Maintenance of ultra-light, advanced ultra-

light, amateur built, or owner maintained
aircraft, does not qualify for any experience
credit. (Cars 566)
131
132
133
An applicant must demonstrate to the minister that they have attained

the required level of skill before the minister will issue them an A.M.E.
license.
134
CARs - AME Licensing (Skill)
An applicant must demonstrate to the minister that they have attained

the required level of skill before the minister will issue them an A.M.E.
license.
135
(e) Skill
(i) Applicants shall have performed a
representative selection of eligible maintenance
tasks, over the full range of applicable systems
and structures; those tasks being comprised of not
less than 70 percent of the items listed in Appendix
B that are applicable to the rating sought and to
the aircraft, systems or components for which the
experience is claimed.
136
• Each maintenance task claimed shall have been:

(amended 2008/12/30) (A) subject to a maintenance
release pursuant to CAR 571.10, or an equivalent civil
aviation maintenance certification under the rules of a
contracting state; or
(amended 2008/12/30)
• (B) in the case of a maintenance task claimed on a
military aircraft, performed on an aircraft type (or variant
of a type) for which a civilian type certificate has been
issued.
(amended 2008/12/30)
137
(iii) Applicants who claim previous maintenance tasks on military

aircraft in accordance with clause
(ii)(B), are required to perform a representative selection of
maintenance tasks on civil registered aircraft. The tasks shall comprise
not less than 10 percent of the items listed in Appendix B that are
applicable to the rating sought and the aircraft, systems or components
for which the experience is claimed.
(amended 2008/12/30)
Each task claimed shall have been subject to a maintenance release
pursuant to CAR 571.10, or an equivalent civil aviation maintenance
certification under the rules of a contracting state.
(amended 2008/12/30)
138
(iv) Proof of having completed aircraft maintenance tasks shall take the
form of a certification by the AME, or equivalent person who supervised
the work. The certification statement shall include the date, aircraft
type, registration mark, or component serial number as applicable, and
confirm that the applicant is able to:
(A) identify the applicable standard for the task;

(B) select the proper tools;
(C) perform the work correctly without supervision; and
(D) complete the necessary documentation.
(v) Persons who sign for completion of maintenance tasks shall be

responsible for the accuracy of statements made.
139
To demonstrate skill to the minister, the applicant shall complete at

least 70% of the tasks listed in:
Part 1 of Appendix ‘B’ of STD 566
The tasks that are used must be subject to a maintenance release, and
be certified by the holder of an A.M.E. license.
Persons who sign for completion of maintenance tasks shall be

responsible for the accuracy of statements made.
140
Certification by an AM.E. of the tasks shall include:
The date, aircraft type, registration mark or component serial

number and confirm that the applicant can:
1) Identify the applicable standard for the task;

2) Select the proper tools;
3) Perform the work correctly, without supervision;
4) Complete the necessary documentation.
141
Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Sample Logbook
If you have a formal type logbook, you may use that to demonstrate the
skill requirement, provided it contains all of the previously mentioned
requirements.
Or you may use the Transport Canada provided book in the above link.
They are both acceptable, provided they are properly filled out.
142
The skill requirement laid out in the CARs is for applicants to complete
70% of the tasks that are listed.
If you perform tasks that are not listed, they will not count towards the
skill requirement to be issued an AME license.
143
CARs AME Licensing
All applicants for an AME license will have to successfully pass a

Transport Canada administered exam called the ‘Regulatory
Requirements’ Exam. Even if you graduate here with accreditation, you
will have to take this exam.
Transport Canada publishes a ‘Study and Reference Guide - Aircraft

Maintenance Engineer Technical Examinations’ TP14038
144
Canadian Aircraft Regulations
145
CARs – Flight Authority
FLIGHT AUTHORITY
CAR 101.01(1) {Interpretation} states:
flight authority: (F2022)
means a certificate of airworthiness, special

certificate of airworthiness, flight permit or validation
of a foreign document attesting to an aircraft’s fitness
for flight, issued under Subpart 7 of Part V, or a
foreign certificate of airworthiness that meets the
requirements of Article 31 of the Convention.
146
FLIGHT AUTHORITY
Most aircraft that fly in Canadian Airspace, from an airworthiness

perspective are required to have an authority to fly in Canadian
Airspace. (CAR 605.03)
Exceptions to this rule include: military aircraft from Canada, foreign

military aircraft, model aircraft, rockets, hovercraft and wing-in-ground-
effect machines, ultra-light airplanes, and hang gliders, unless
otherwise indicated in the regulations. (CAR 102 and CAR 507.01)
147
Division I — Aircraft Requirements — General

Flight Authority
605.03 (1) No person shall operate an aircraft in flight

unless
(a) a flight authority is in effect in respect of the aircraft;
(b) the aircraft is operated in accordance with the
conditions set out in the flight authority; and
(c) subject to subsections (2) and (3), the flight authority
is carried on board the aircraft.
148
605.03
(2) Where a specific-purpose flight permit has been issued pursuant to
section 507.04, an aircraft may be operated without the flight authority
carried on board where
(a) the flight is conducted in Canadian airspace; and
(b) an entry is made into the journey log indicating
(i) that the aircraft is operating under a specific-purpose flight
permit, and
(ii) where applicable, any operational conditions that pertain to
flight operations under the specific-purpose flight permit.
149
605.03
(3) A balloon may be operated without the flight authority carried on board
where the flight authority is immediately available to the pilot-in-command
(a) prior to commencing a flight; and
(b) on completion of the flight.
Availability of Aircraft Flight Manual
150
FLIGHT AUTHORITY
So, what exactly is a flight authority?
It is a document issued by the minister of transport attesting to the

aircraft’s fitness of flight.
Of course, the exact definition can be found in the Canadian Aviation

Regulations, Part I, subpart 1, Section 1, subsection 1. [CAR
101.01(1)]
151
FLIGHT AUTHORITY
Flight authorities can include:
a) Airworthiness Certificates
b) Special Certificates of Airworthiness
c) Flight Permits
d) Foreign Document that meets the requirements of Article 31 of the
I.C.A.O. Convention on International Civil Aviation.
152
FLIGHT AUTHORITY
The only type of flight authority that is recognized by ICAO for

unrestricted travel between member states is the standard
Certificate of Airworthiness.
For all other types of flight authorities, you must get permission from
the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of the country you want to fly into,
before you enter their airspace.
153
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
In addition to having a flight authority, the Canadian Aviation

Regulations also require that all Canadian aircraft are registered in
Canada with: Transport Canada Civil Aviation. (The C.A.A. in
Canada)
This requirement is outlined in CAR Part II, subpart 2, section 13.

(CAR 202.13)
154
CARs - Registration
• 202.13 (1) This section does not apply in respect of an aircraft that is
• (a) a hang glider; or
• (b) a parachute.
• (2) Except as otherwise authorized under subsection 202.14(1) or
202.43(1), no person shall operate an aircraft in Canada unless it is
registered in Canada, in a contracting state or in a foreign state that has an
agreement in force with Canada that allows an aircraft that is registered in
that foreign state to be operated in Canada.
• SOR/2000-405, s. 9 SOR/2003-271, s. 4
155
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
Registration of an aircraft is similar to having your vehicle licensed to

drive in the province of Ontario.
Unless you have a valid license plate on your car, you are not allowed
to drive your car on a public road.
In order to fly an aircraft in Canadian Airspace, you must have it

registered in Canada, or with a contracting I.C.A.O. state.
156
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
Qualifications to be the registered owner of a Canadian Aircraft:
Any Canadian citizen who is over 16 years of age.
If it is not a person, then any company that is formed under the laws of
Canada or a province.
Aircraft may only be registered

in one country!
157
CARS - Registration
REGISTRATION
When the minister receives a properly filled in application, for

registration (Form Number: 26-0522), then the minister will register the
aircraft as either a:
a. State Aircraft;
b. Commercial Aircraft; or
c. Private Aircraft
The minister will also issue a ‘Certificate of Registration’ as proof of

registration.
158
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
There is also a fee associated when a person or organization that

whishes to register an aircraft in Canada.
The fee may be found in Schedule II of the Canadian Aviation

Regulations, Part I, Subpart 4.
159
CARs – Application for C of R form 26-0522
160
CARs – Registration (State)
161
CARs – Registration (Commercial)
162
CARs – Registration (Private)
163
CARs – Certificate of Registration
164
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
When the aircraft is registered, there will be a unique combination of

letters assigned to the aircraft. (Similar to a car license plate.) The
Certificate of registration is non-transferrable. If the aircraft is sold, then
a new application must be submitted to the minister.
In the interim, the new owner fills in a ‘Temporary Certificate of

Registration’, which is valid for 90 days, and the previous owner must
return the original C of R to the minister.
165
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
Transport Canada maintains the entire list of all aircraft registered in

Canada.
This information is stored in the Canadian Civil Aircraft Register

Computer System
It is publically accessible through the Transport Canada Civil Aviation

Website. Transport Canada
166
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
No person may operate an aircraft in Canada unless the Certificate of

Registration is carried on board.
167
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
No person may operate an aircraft in Canada unless the Certificate of

Registration is carried on board.
• Carrying Certificate of Registration on Board the Aircraft

• 202.26 No person shall operate an aircraft in Canada, other than an
aircraft referred to in subsection 202.43(1), or a Canadian aircraft
outside Canada unless the certificate of registration issued in
respect of the aircraft is carried on board the aircraft.
168
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
Now that the aircraft is registered in Canada, and it has a unique set of
letters assigned to the aircraft, what do you do now?
Now it is time to look at the Standards of CAR Part II, to see how the
registration marks are to be affixed to the aircraft.
169
CARs - Registration
REGISTRATION
Found on the Certificate of Registration, you will see a unique set of

letters that has been assigned to the aircraft.
These are the aircraft’s Nationality and Registration Marks.
170
CARs - Registration
171
CARs – Registration Letters
REGISTRATION LETTERS
There are certain letters that are assigned to Canadian Aircraft:
The nationality of the aircraft is established by the very first letter of the
aircraft’s registration:
C–____
In Canada, this letter will always be the letter ‘C’.
172
The International Civil Aviation Organization (I.C.A.O.) establishes a

unique nationality identifier for every member country.
For a complete list of other country codes, please click here.
173
C–____
The four letters following the nationality mark are known as the
registration mark. The first of those four letters is either F or G and, in
the case of ultra-light or advanced ultra-light aeroplanes, the letter I.
The nationality and registration mark are separated by a hyphen.
174
CARs - Regulations
175
CARs - Regulations
176
CARs - Regulations
177
CARs - Regulations
REGULATIONS
CF– ___
Aircraft registered prior to January 1, 1974 were identified with the
Nationality mark CF, followed by three letters for the registration mark.
Aircraft manufactured prior to January 1, 1957, are known as "vintage

aircraft" and may always retain a CF nationality mark if the owner so
desires.
178
CARs - Regulations
179
CARs – “Standards” for Registrations
STANDARDS
Because this is information on how-to comply with the regulation, this

can be found in the Standards of the Canadian Aviation Regulations, in
CAR STD 222. The Nationality and Registration marks must be affixed
to the aircraft in a permanent and standard way.
In general, marks shall be painted on the aircraft or be affixed to it by a

means that provides a degree of permanence similar to that of paint;
180
STANDARDS
The Nationality and Registration marks shall also be distinct and not
obscured or confused by a symbol or letter that is not part of the marks
with the following conditions:
a) in Roman capital type without ornamentation, formed by solid

lines that contrast in color with the background color of the
aircraft, and
181
STANDARDS
b) displayed so that there is a margin of not less than 5 cm (1.970

inches) between the edge of each letter of the marks and each
edge of the surface on which the marks are displayed;
c) the nationality mark and the registration mark displayed on the

aircraft shall be separated by a hyphen;
182
183
CARS – “Standards” for Registrations
HEAVIER THAN AIR AIRCRAFT OTHER THAN HELICOPTER OR

GYROPLANE
The marks must be affixed, once parallel to the longitudinal axis

of the aircraft:
On each side of the fuselage or an alternative structure in the area between the
wing and the tail surface,
In the case of a single vertical tail on each side surface of the tail, or
In the case of a multi-vertical tail on each outboard surface of the tail;
184
185

GYROPLANE
Where an engine pod or other appurtenance occupies the area

between the wing and the tail surface of a heavier-than-air aircraft and
is an integral part of the side surface of the fuselage or an alternative
structure, the marks of the aircraft shall be displayed on the outboard
surface;
186
187

GYROPLANE
The display of marks on the bottom surface of the wings is optional. If

the owner chooses to have marks there, then:
Where the marks are displayed and the aircraft has one set of wings,
the marks shall be placed once on the bottom surface of the wings or,
where the aircraft has more than one set of wings, once on the bottom
surface of the lowest wings.
188

GYROPLANE
If you choose to paint marks on the bottom of the wing, the marks must also:
Extend from wing tip to wing tip or be on the left wing only,
Be equidistant, to the extent possible, from the leading and the trailing edges,
and,
Have the letters arranged with their tops toward the leading edge; or
189
190

GYROPLANE
If you choose to not to paint marks on the bottom of the wing, it affect the
minimum size of the marks painted on the sides of the aircraft:
Where the marks are not displayed on the bottom surface of the wings, the
height of the marks that are displayed on the side surfaces in accordance with
subsection (g) shall be displayed in accordance 222.01(2)(o).
191
ROTARY WING
If the aircraft is a ‘Helicopter or Gyroplane’ then the marks displayed

must conform to the following:
On each side surface of the fuselage or cabin, below

the window line and as near to the cockpit as possible,
In the case of a single vertical tail, on each surface of the tail,
192
ROTARY WING
If the aircraft is a ‘Helicopter or Gyroplane’ then the marks displayed

must conform to the following:
In the case of a multi-vertical tail, on each side surface of the tail, or
Once on each side of the upper engine or transmission cowling of the

main rotor assembly where the cowlings are located over the main
cabin.
193
194
195
ROTARY WING
The display of marks on the bottom surface of the fuselage or cabin of

a helicopter or gyroplane is optional.
However, where the marks are displayed they shall be placed:
Once parallel to the longitudinal axis and the letters arranged with their
tops toward the left side, or
196
197
ROTARY WING
The display of marks on the bottom surface of the fuselage or cabin of

a helicopter or gyroplane is optional.
Where the marks are not displayed on the bottom surface of the
fuselage or cabin, then the height of the marks that are displayed on
the side surfaces shall be displayed in accordance with paragraph
222.01(2)(o).
198
OTHER
Transport Canada also publishes standards for the marks displayed on

Balloons and Airships.
199
“OTHER” - SIZE OF MARKINGS
The size of the letters shall be of equal height.
On heavier-than-air aircraft, the height of the letters shall be not less

than 15cm. If no marks are displayed on the bottom of a wing, then
the height shall be not less than 30 cm.
200
“OTHER” - SIZE OF MARKINGS
If marks are displayed on the bottom of a wing, those marks shall

have a height of not less than 50cm.
If you display marks on the bottom of a fuselage then they shall be the
lesser of: 50cm or 4/5 the width of the fuselage
201
ANGLED MARKINGS
If aircraft nationality and registration marks are displayed at an angle,

the letters are displayed at an angle of not more than plus or minus 35
degrees to the perpendicular of their base.
The height of the letters is measured perpendicular from the base line
of the letters.
202
ANGLED MARKINGS
If the minister of transport authorizes the change, the nationality and

registration marks displayed on an aircraft may vary from the
specifications, or be displayed in alternate locations for former military
aircraft or replicas.
In this case, the minister will issue a letter of authorizing the variation.
203
204
CARs – CCARCS
Canadian Civil Aircraft Register Computer

System
205

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Introduction to the Canadian

Aircraft Regulations (CARs), Human

Welcome to ATAT 107, The Introduction to Canadian Aviation

For Professor Burns use email: jburns@centennialcollege.ca

For Professor Bird use email: mbird@centennialcollege.ca

Who Is Responsible for Aviation Safety?

Aviation safety is more than merely the

Below is a list of a few of the contributors to aviation safety:

•Governmental organizations providing oversight (civil

International Civil Aviation Organization

International Civil Aviation Organization

❖ At the first ICAO Assembly held in May 1947,

International Civil Aviation Organization

❖ President Warner signed the protocol on 3

International Civil Aviation Organization

❖ Article 64: The Organization may, with respect

❖ Specialized agency of the United Nations

❖ Promotes Global Safe and Orderly development of International civil

❖ Sets standards and regulations for aviation safety

❖ Each I.C.A.O member state is required to establish a civil aviation

❖ Transport Canada Civil Aviation (T.C.C.A) is the regulator of

❖ Oversite or govern all aspects of civilian aviation in Canada

❖ “The development of regulations and national standards, as well as

TRANSPORT CANADA - Facts

TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

As of 2019 there were:

❖ There are domestic and international aircraft maintenance Approved

❖ There are approximately 700 to 1000 Approved Maintenance Organizations

TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

❖29,284 total aircraft

TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

TRANSPORT CANADA – Facts (https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/aircraft-airworthiness/aircraft-

Director General, Civil Aviation:

Transport Canada oversees aviation in Canada through offices located

The Transport Canada regions are:

1. Pacific Region 4. Quebec Region

Transport Canada has offices located in five regions :

Transport Canada Civil Aviation (T.C.C.A.) is divided into nine (9)

1) Safety Policy and Intelligence Branch

❖ The maintenance and manufacturing of aircraft in Canada, as well

❖ This is the branch Aircraft Maintenance Engineers (AME’s) are

TRANSPORT CANADA (R2022)

❖ Divisions’ within the ‘Standards Branch’ are responsible for the

❖ The issuance of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Licenses, currently falls

❖ The ‘Operational Airworthiness’ division of the ‘Standards Branch’ may also

❖ Transport Canada Aircraft Maintenance and Manufacturing is responsible

11/20/2015 Aviation Technician - r/17 - AIRC 123 31

The Aeronautics Act and any Regulations developed as a result of the

❖ All persons and aeronautical products in Canada

❖ All persons outside Canada holding a Canadian aviation document

❖ All Canadian aircraft and passengers and crew members outside

❖ An Act that was passed by the Federal Government to authorize the

❖ This Act is in compliance with the Convention on International Civil

MANDATES OF THE AERONAUTICS ACT

❖ The publishing of all new regulations and amendments in the

❖ The development of Transportation Appeal Tribunal of Canada and

MANDATES OF THE AERONAUTICS ACT

❖ Also authorizes the Minister of Transport to assess monetary

CONTRAVENING THE AERONAUTICS ACT

❖ Contravening the Aeronautics Act is a very serious breach of rules. It