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Lecture 21.1 Introducing NLP
Hi there and welcome back!
Now… CBT, being cognitive
behavioural therapy, has a
focus on changing clients’
behaviour and there are a
number of ways to do this.
For example, in stress inoculation
therapy…. self-hypnosis and
visualisation are used in the process of
overcoming phobias. This is linked to
attributional therapy, a  type of therapy
that changes the meanings we place
on things. With that said the focus of
this section is a type of therapy that has
come up a few times but we haven’t
explored in any real depth yet - Neuro
Linguistic Programming or NLP. Let's
take a look.
OK so NLP This fits into the
attributional therapy category. Its basis
comes from other therapies and
includes a lot of CBT principles and in
fact the two overlap quite a bit.  intense these signs are, the deeper the
So let’s take a closer look at what NLP
actually is.
Well NLP deals with the unconscious
mind and communication with it
through a slightly altered state. We
were first introduced to this concept
when looking at relaxation. The altered
state is in the middle of being
unconscious and fully awake, for
example when we are relaxing. It can
be hard to define the state as it
depends on the perspective of the
hypnotherapist but it can be split into
three different types. 
Just as in hypnosis NLP uses the term
trance or a light trance state which is
the same as relaxation in this case. 
 
So when we use NLP we often get
clients to close their eyes and use
visualization. This is done in  a light
trance which isn’t too different to being
awake but breathing is deeper and
more relaxed.  A medium trance 
would be  when you know you have
changed state and you enjoy being
calm. And of course being in a deep
trance feels like you are asleep but you
aren’t.
In fact there are various signs to
identify a trance state. The more
trance. 
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Lecture 21.1 Introducing NLP
(Continued)
In a trance you will experience:
A change in breathing, pulse,
endorphin level, adrenal level and
blood pressure. 
Muscular tension will be reduced.
This will cause skin colouration to be
different.  feedback when identifying the depth of
You will realise you are in an altered
state because your sensory stimulation
will be reduced.  you don’t need to worry about getting
You will notice it is easier to recall
memories. In cases of amnesia this will
be decreased.  The reason relaxation and trance states
In a medium trance, these signs are
easy to see. Other indicators of trance
are  also possible in a deep trance.
For example, numbness, stiff limbs and
amnesia caused by hypnotic processes
and commands. 
Don't take this as the law though. It is
common for symptoms that are
supposed to happen at one level
occurring during a different level. And
essentially It will depend on the client
so rely more heavily on the client’s
trance. 
When dealing with basic self-hypnosis,
a client into a deep trance. Lighter
levels are just as effective. 
are different for different people is due
to the sensory bias of each client.
Sometimes clients will be biased
towards one sense over the others.
This means in visualisation they might
imagine the scent stronger than the
sounds or the visuals. Our bodies
coordinate with this,  muscles relaxing
more quickly or creating images in
depth that cause rapid eye movement.
Therefore signs of relaxation and
trance states can depend on the
individual. 
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Lecture 21.1 Introducing NLP

(Continued 2)
In short don't worry about levels of
trance state you are being  successful if
a client is relaxed, listening, breathing
deeply and seeming calm. That is
enough for an altered state. 
Visualisation involves all the senses and
clients will experience some stronger
than others.

Next we are going to take a look at the

background of NLP. 

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