SCR3443

Tutorial 4: MODERN CRYPTOGRAPHY

1. Distinguish between a modern and a traditional symmetric-key cipher.

2. List some components of a modern block cipher.

3. Define a P-Box and list its three variations. Which variation is invertible?

4. Define an S-box and mention the necessary condition for an S-box to be invertible.

5. A transposition block has 10 inputs and 10 outputs. What is the order of the permutation
group? What is the key size?

6. A substitution block has 10 inputs and 10 outputs. What is the order of the permutation
group? What is the key size?

7.
a. Show the result of 3-bit circular left shift on word (10011011)2.
b. Show the result of 3-bit circular right shift on the word resulting from 3(a).
c. Compare the result of Part b with the original word in 3(a).

8.
a. Swap the word (10011011)2.
b. Swap the word resulting from 4(a).
c. Compare the result of 4(a)and 4(b) to show that swapping is a self-invertible operation.

9. Find the result of the following operations:

a. (01001101) (01001101)
b. (01001101) (10110010)
c. (01001101) (00000000)
d. (01001101) (11111111)

10.
a. Decode the word 010 using a 3 x 8 decoder.
b. Encode the word 00100000 using a 8 x 3 encoder.

11. A message has 2000 characters. If it is supposed to be encrypted using a block cipher of 64
bits, find the size of the padding and the number of blocks.

12. Show the permutation table for the straight P-box in figure below.

13. Show the permutation table for the compression P-box in figure below.

14. Show the permutation table for the expansion P-box in figure below.
15. Show the P-box defined by the following table:

8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

16. Determine whether the P-box with the following permutation table is a straight P-box, a
compression P-box, or an expansion P-box.

1 1 2 3 4 4

17. Determine whether the P-box with the following permutation table is a straight P-box, a
compression P-box, or an expansion P-box.

1 3 5 6 7
18. Determine whether the P-box with the following permutation table is a straight P-box, a
compression P-box, or an expansion P-box.
1 2 3 4 5 6

19. The input/output relation in a 2 x 2 S-box is shown by the following table. Show the table for
the inverse S-box.
Input: right bit
0 1
Input: left bit 0 01 11
1 10 00