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Concrete Design Aids
Concrete Design Aids
The concrete beam design flow charts address the following subjects:
• Beam Section Shear Strength: two separate charts outline in det ails Shear
check. One is a basic shear check, and two is detailed shear check, in
order to handle repetitive beam shear reinforcement selection. See shear
check introduction page for further details.
In any of the cases mentioned above, detailed procedure s and equations are
shown within the charts cover all design aspects of the element under
investigations, with ACI respective provisions.
Rectangular
Beam
Given:
b, d, fc', fy, Mu ,Vu
a
ρmax = 0.75ρb
φMn bal = φ 0.85fc′bamax d − max
2
Mu
Ru =
φ bd 2
ACI 10.5.1
0.85fc′ 2Ru
3 fc′
ρreq' d = 1− 1−
fy 0.85fc′
fy
ρmin = max of
200
fy NO ρreq' d ≥ ρmin YES
ρ = 1.33ρreq' d
As = ρbd
C
a
cb
Asfy
a=
0.85fc′b
d
As
a T
φMn = φ 0.85fc′ba d − b
2
proceed to
shear design
Mu′ = Mu − φMn
bal
d'=2.5"
Mu′
ρ′ =
φ ( fy − 0.85fc′ ) ( d − d ′) bd
εc
0.85fc'
ρ = ρmax + ρ′ ε s′
d'
Cs
steel at
As = ρbd
a
Cc A's
c
tension side
steel at d
comp. side As′ = ρ′bd As
T
b
select
reinforcement
As& A's
proceed to check
compression steel
yields
( As − As′ ) fy As′
a= +
0.85fc′b As
a
c=
β1
c − d′
ε s′ = ε c
c
1
Strunet.com: Concrete Beam Design V1.01 - Page 5
STRUNET Rectangular Beam with Tension & Compression Reinforcement (cont.)
CONCRETE DESIGN AIDS
NO ε s′ > ε y YES
compression
compression steel may be steel does NOT
neglected, and thus moment yield
strength is calculated based on compression
the tension steel only. steel yields
Alternatively:
Cc = 0.85fc′ab
(A f − 87As′ ) ± (A f − 87As′ ) + 4 (0.85fc′β1b )(87 As′d ′ )
2
s y s y
c=
2 ( 0.85fc′β1b )
Cs = As′ ( fy − 0.85fc′ )
c − d′
fs = Esεc < fy a
c φMn = φ Cc d − + Cs ( d − d ′) ≥ Mu
2
proceed to
shear design
let a=t
β1
ACI 8.4.3
0.85fc′ 87,000
Cc = 0.85fc′bet ρb = β1
fy 87,000 + fy
ACI 9.3.2.1
φ = 0.9
0.85fc′ ( be − bw ) t
ρf =
t fy bw d
φMn = φCc d −
2
bw
ρmax = 0.75 ( ρb + ρf )
be
use T-Section be
use T-Section
case 2 case 1
t
d
As
bw
STRUNET T-Section
CONCRETE DESIGN AIDS case 1
Mu
Ru =
φ bed 2
0.85fc′ 2Ru
ρreq' d = 1− 1−
fy 0.85fc′
2Ru
a = d 1− 1−
0.85fc′
ACI 10.5.1
ρ = 1.33ρreq' d select
reinforcement, As
a
0.85fc′abe φMn = φ 0.85fc′ba d −
Alternatively: As = 2
fy
proceed to
Strunet.com: Concrete Beam Design V1.01 - Page 8 1 shear design
T-Section Beam Case - 2
STRUNET
CONCRETE DESIGN AIDS
T-Section
case 2
2Mu 2t ( be − bw )( d − 0.5t )
a = d − d2 − −
0.85fc′φ bw bw
0.85fc′
As = [abw + t(be − bw )] be
fy
t
req' d
a
As = ρmax bed
d
max
As
NO
As ≥ As YES
req' d max
bw
STOP. revise to select
include reinforcement,
compression steel As
Asfy t
a= − ( be − bw )
0.85f ′bw bw
Cc1 = 0.85fc′bwa
Cc 2 = 0.85fc′t ( be − bw )
a t
φMn = Cc1 d − + Cc 2 d − ≥ Mu
2
2
proceed to
shear design
The approach of the beam shear check chart is to define the nominal shear strength of the
concrete, then compare it with the ultimat e shear force at the critical section, and subs equent
sections. Shear reinforc ement calculation is performed, where applic able.
The shear charts are presented into two parts. One is the Shear Basic Chart, which is outlining
the main procedures of the shear design in accordanc e with ACI applicable code provisions. The
second, Shear Detailed Chart, is outlining the steps required for repetitive shear check. The
detailed charts provide as much variables and or scenarios as needed to facilitate the creation of
automat ed shear check applications.
The concept in selecting stirrups is based on an input of the bar diameter ( db) of the stirrups to be
used, usually #3, 4, or 5, as well as the number of legs and thus finding the spacing (s) required.
The shear chart intentionally did not include the following ACI provisions due to p ractical and
economic al justifications:
• Detailed method of ACI §11.3.2.1 for calculating nominal shear strength of concrete, vc .
The reason is the value V ud/Mu is not constant along the beam span. Although the stirrups
spacing resulting from the detailed met hod may be 1.5 larger than that of the direct
method using ACI 11.3.1.1 at the critical section only, the use of the det ailed method is
not practically justified beyond this critical section, i.e. beyond distance d from the face of
support.
• Shear reinforcement as inclined stirrups per §11.5.6.3, and bent up bars per §11.5.6.4
and §11.5.6.5. Only vertical stirrups per §11.5.6. 2 are used, since other types of shear
reinforcement are not economically justified.
STRUNET Finding Vc
CONCRETE DESIGN AIDS
ACI 11.2.1
Normal or Light
Wt Concrete NORMAL
LIGHT
ACI 11.2.1.2
NO is fct given? YES
ACI 11.2.1.1 ACI 11.3.1.1
All − Light wt : Vc = 0.75 2 f bwd ( c
'
) f
Vc = 2 ct bw d Vc = 2 fc' bw d
6 .7
Sand Light Wt : Vc = 0.85 2 fc' bwd ( ) fct
≤ fc
'
6 . 7
ACI 9.3.2.3
Vu φVc φ = 0.85
ACI 11.1.1
Vu > φVc
ACI 11.5.5.1 ACI 11.1.1
φVc
Vu > ACI 11.5.5.1 φVs = Vu − φVc
2
STOP. no min. h=<10"
shear reinf. req'd h<2.5t
φVs
h<0.5bw Vsreq' d =
ACI 11.5.4.1
STOP. no min.
φ
loop for other smax is the min. of:
shear reinf. req'd
values of Vu d/2 ACI 11.12.1.1
24"
ACI 11.1.2 ACI 11.12.1.1 Vsreq' d > 4Vc
ACI 11.3
Finding Vc
ACI 11.2.1
Normal or Light
NORMAL
LIGHT Wt Concrete
NO is f ct given ? YES
ACI 11.2.1.2 ACI 11.2.1.1 ACI 11.3.1.1
(
All − Light wt : Vc = 0.75 2 fc' bwd ) f
Vc = 2 ct bw d
6 .7
Vc = 2 fc' bw d
(
Sand Light Wt : Vc = 0.85 2 fc' bwd ) fct
≤ fc
'
6 .7
ACI 9.3.2.3
Vc
φ = 0.85
φVc
φVc
φVn =
min
2
xmin
Av = Nl Ab
Vud
s = min. of:
smax
sreq'd
Vumid > 0.0
Av fy d
Vs = φVnb φVnb − Vumid
s xb = 0.5L 1 − xb = 0.5L 1−
Vu Vu − Vumid
φVn = φVc + φVs
xmin xb
N=
s
smax
use: N @ s
2
Strunet.com: Concrete Beam Design V1.01 - Page 14
2 Beam Shear Detailed Chart (cont. 2)
STRUNET
CONCRETE DESIGN AIDS
Av fy d
Vsmax =
smax
φVnmax
= φVc + φVsmax
xmax
Av fy d
s1 =
Vsreq ' d
s1
let sk = s1 + ∆s
sk < smax
4
φVn = φVc + φVs
k k
4
Vumid > 0.0
xk
xk > xb
smax = min. of:
d/4
12" xk > xmin
STOP. go to
revise Smax let sk +1 = sk + ∆s stirrups number
sk = sk +1
stirrups
number
xk
N1 =
s1
Loop until:
xk+1=xmin , and xk +1 − xk
Nk =
xk=xmax sk