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Chemical Equilibrium and Acid-Base Chemistry (solutions). Please let me know if you find errors/typos in this
document.
In one experiment 2.00 moles of NOCl is placed in a 1.00 L flask, and the concentration of NO after
equilibrium is achieved is 0.66 M. Calculate the equilibrium constant Kc at 25°C for the reaction.
I 2.00 0 0
C -2x 2x X
2. When solid ammonium carbonate sublimes, it dissociates completely into ammonia and carbon dioxide
according to the following equation:
N2H6CO2 (s) 2 NH3 (g) + CO2 (g)
At 25°C, an experiment shows that the total pressure of the gases in equilibrium with the solid is
0.116 atm. What is the equilibrium constant, Kp?
I SOLID 0 0
C NA 2x X
E NA 2x = p(NH3) x = p(CO2)
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therefore: p(NH3) = 2x = 0.07734 atm
p(CO2) = x = 0.03867 atm
3. A sample of 0.0020 moles of F2 was sealed into a 2.0 L reaction vessel and heated to 1000 K to study
the dissociation into F atoms:
F2 (g) 2 F (g)
At this temperature, Kc = 1.2 x 10-4. What are [F2] and [F] at equilibrium? What is the percent
dissociation of F2?
F2 2F
I 0.0010 0
C -x 2x
E 0.0010 – x 2x
(!")!
Kc = 1.2 x 10-4 = ([F]2/[F2]) = (!.!!"!!!)
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4. Sulfur trioxide decomposes at high temperature in a sealed container:
2 SO3 (g) 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
Initially, the vessel is charged at 1000 K with SO3 (g) at a partial pressure of 0.500 atm. At equilibrium
the SO3 partial pressure is 0.200 atm. Calculate the value of Kp at 1000 K.
I 0.500 0 0
C -2x 2x X
E 0.500 – 2x = 0.200 2x x
0.500 – 2x = 0.200
2x = 0.300
x = 0.150 atm
At 430°C, an equilibrium mixture consist of 0.020 mole of O2, 0.040 mole NO, and 0.96 moles NO2.
Calculate Kp for the reaction, given that the total pressure is 0.20 atm.
Total # of moles: 0.020 mol + 0.040 mol + 0.90 mol = 1.02 moles
Partial pressure:
(!"! )! (!.!")!
Kp = (!"#)!! !! = (!.!!"#)! (!.!!"#)
= 1.5 x 105 atm
!
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6. A mixture of 0.47 moles of H2 and 3.59 moles HCl is heated to 2800°C. Calculate the equilibrium
partial pressures of H2, Cl2, and HCl if the total pressure is 2.00 atm. For the reaction:
H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) 2 HCl (g)
Kp is 193 at 2800°C.
[H2] = 0.47 M
[HCl] = 3.59 M
I 0.47 0 3.59
C X X -2x
Kp = Kc because Δn = 0
[!"#]! (!.!"!!")!
Kc = 193 = !! [!"! ]
= !.!"!! (!)
x = 0.103
at equilibrium:
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Acid-Base Problems:
HC2H3O2 (aq) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + C2H3O2- (aq) Ka (H C2H3O2) = 1.8 x 10-5.
I 0.250 NA 0 0
C -x NA +x +x
E 0.250 – x NA x x
! (!) !!
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5 = (!.!"#!!) = (!.!"#)
x = 0.0022 = [H3O+]
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3. A solution of methylamine (CH3NH2) has a pH of 10.64. How many grams of methylamine are there in
100.0 mL of the solution?
x = 8.6 x 10-4 M
the molar mass of CH3NH2 is 31.06 g/mol
!.! ! !"!! !"# !!! !!! !".!" ! !!! !!!
(100.0 mL) ( !""" !"
) ( ! !"# !! ) = 2.7 x 10-3 g CH3NH2
! !!! )
NH3 (aq) + H2O (l) NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
I 0.15 NA 0 0
C -x NA +x +x
E 0.15 – x NA x x
! (!) !!
Kb = 1.8 x 10-5 = (!.!"#!!) = (!.!"#)
pH = 11.20
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5. Calculate the percentage of HF molecules ionized in 0.010 M HF solution.
I 0.010 0 3.59
C -X X x
E 0.010 –x X X
! (!)
Ka = 6.8 x 10-4 = (!.!"!!!)
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