Y1 P2 Summative Topics 1.

1,
1.2, 11.1 [16 marks]
Copper forms two chlorides, copper(I) chloride and copper(II) chloride.

1. Solid copper(II) chloride absorbs moisture from the atmosphere to form a[3 marks]
hydrate of formula CuCl2•xH2O.
A student heated a sample of hydrated copper(II) chloride, in order to determine
the value of x. The following results were obtained:
Mass of crucible = 16.221
32.442 gg
Initial mass of crucible and hydrated copper(II) chloride = 18.360
36.620 g
Final mass of crucible and anhydrous copper(II) chloride = 17.917 g
35.834 g
Determine the value of x.

Markscheme
mass of H2O = «18.360 g – 17.917 g =» 0.443 «g» AND mass of CuCl2 =
mass
«17.917of
g water
– 16.221=g0.786 g AND
=» 1.696 «g» ✔ mass of CuCl2 = 3.392g ;
0.443g
moles of H2O = «0.0436 −1 =» 0.0246 «mol»
mol
18.02g mol
OR
1.696g
moles of CuCl2 =« 0.0252 −1 = » 0.0126 «mol» ✔
mol
134.45g mol
«water : copper(II) chloride = 1.95
1.7 : 1 : 1»
«x =» 2 ✔
NOTE: Accept « x =»out
accept multiplying 1.95.
of 1.7 to a reasonable whole number
NOTE: Award [3] for correct final answer.
 Menthol is an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

2a. Complete combustion of 0.1595 g of menthol produces 0.4490 g of [3 marks]

carbon dioxide and 0.1840 g of water. Determine the empirical formula
of the compound showing your working.

Markscheme
0.4490 g
carbon: « =» 0.01020 «mol» / 0.1225 «g»
44.01 g mol−1
OR
hydrogen: « 0.1840×2−1 =» 0.02042 «mol» / 0.0206 «g»
18.02 g mol
oxygen: «0.1595 – (0.1225 + 0.0206)» = 0.0164 «g» / 0.001025 «mol»
empirical formula: C10H20O
Award [3] for correct final answer.
Do not award M3 for a hydrocarbon.
2b. Determine the molecular formula of menthol using your answers from [1 mark]
part a.

Markscheme
C10H20O
[1 Mark]

3.26 g of iron powder are added to 80.0 cm3 0.0160

Excess of 0.200 of dm−3 copper(II) sulfate
mol
mol
solution. The following reaction occurs:
Fe (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

3a. The mass of copper obtained experimentally was 0.872 g. Calculate the [2 marks]
percentage yield of copper.
 Markscheme
ALTERNATIVE 1:
«0.0160 mol × 63.55 g mol–1 =» 1.02 «g» ✔
0.872 g
« 1.02 g × 100 =» 85.5 «%» ✔

ALTERNATIVE 2:
0.872 g
« −−1
=» 0.0137 «mol» ✔
63.55 g mol

« 0.0137 mol
0.0160 mol
× 100 =» 85.6 «%» ✔

Accept answers in the range 85–86 %.

Award [2] for correct final answer.

3b. The initial temperature of the solution was 24.3°C ±0.1°C and the final [2 marks]
temperature was 31.8.°C ±0.1°C.
Determine the percent uncertainty in the temperature rise.

Markscheme
±0.1 + ±0.1 = ±0.2 ✔
100
«0.2 ∘ C × 7.5 ∘C =» 3 %/0.03 ✔

Award [2] for correct final answer.

 Impurities cause phosphine to ignite spontaneously in air to form an oxide of
phosphorus and water.

4a. [3 marks]
(i) The oxide formed in the reaction with air contains 43.6 % phosphorus by mass.
Determine the empirical formula of the oxide, showing your method.
(ii) The molar mass of the oxide is approximately 285gmol−1. Determine the
molecular formula of the oxide.
 Markscheme
(i)
43.6
n(P)«= 30.97 »=1.41«mol»
100−43.6
n(O)«= 16.00
»= 3.53«mol»
n(O) 3.53
n(P)
= 1.41
= 2.50 so empirical formula is» P2O5
Accept other methods where the working is shown.
(ii)
285
141.9
=2.00, so molecular formula=2×P2O 5=»P4O 10

4b. State the equation for the reaction of this oxide of phosphorus with water. [1 mark]

Markscheme
P4O 10 (s) + 6H2O (l) → 4H3PO4 (aq)
Accept P 4O 10 (s) + 2H2O (l) → 4HPO3 (aq) (initial reaction)
Accept P 2O 5 (s) + 3H2O (l) → 2H3PO4 (aq)
Accept equations for P 4O 6 /P2O 3 if given in a (ii).
Accept any ionized form of the acids as the products.
 Limestone can be converted into a variety of useful commercial products through
the lime cycle. Limestone contains high percentages of calcium carbonate, CaCO 3.

The second step of the lime cycle produces calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2.

5. Write the equation for the reaction of Ca(OH)2 (aq) with hydrochloric acid, [1 mark]
5a.
HCl (aq).

Markscheme
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) → 2H2O (l) + CaCl2 (aq) ✓

5b. How many moles of HCl are needed to react completely with 3.00g of calcium hydroxide? [2 marks]
3.00 g Ca(OH)2 * 1 mol / (40.08+2.02+32g) = 0.0405 mol ;
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2022
International Baccalaureate®
0.0405 mol Ca(OH)2 * 2 mol HCl/1 -mol
Baccalauréat International®
Ca(OH)2 = 0.0810 mol; - Bachillerato Internacional®

5c. How many oxygen atoms are present in 4.25g of calciumPrinted for AMER
carbonate? SCH OF DOHA TRC
[2 marks]
4.25 g CaCO3 * 1 mol/(40.08+12.01+48g) = 0.0435 mol;

0.0435 mol * 6.02x10^23 molecules/1 mol * 3 oxygen atoms/molecule = 7.67x10^22 atoms;

Except answers between 7.67x10^22 and 7.86x10^22.