Enumeration:

1. Give 3 purposes of oro/naso-gastric tube insertion.

 Evaluation of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding

 Identification of cancer cells in patients with gastric cancer
 Identification of the esophagus and stomach on a chest radiograph

2. Give 3 ways of checking the placement of the feeding tube in the stomach
 Chest X-ray – This method offer one of the best ways to check the placement of
the NG tube.
 pH test – This method aspires the NG tube and checks the content by using pH
paper. If the ph is 5.5 or less, the tube has be properly placed.
 Bubbling - This method involves observing bubbles when the end of the feeding
tube is placed under water; the appearance of bubbles is thought to indicate that
the feeding tube is misplaced in the respiratory tract.

3. Give 2 nursing intervention done after feeding the newborn

 Assess parents’ knowledge on the importance and correct infant feeding
techniques
 Assess causes of infant’s ineffective sucking
 Assess parents about the infant’s feeding difficulty.

4. Give 3 signs that the tube entered trachea

5. How to measure the length of the tube to be inserted to the infant

6. How to insert the feeding tube through the

a) Mouth

b) Nose
 Insert the tube into the chosen nostril. Insert the lubricated end of the tube into
the clearest nostril, aiming the end of the tube straight back as you feed it in.
 Check the back of the throat. If you have coated the patient's throat with
anesthetic throat spray, ask the patient to open his or her mouth and watch for the
other end of the tube.
 Instruct the patient to swallow. Give the patient a glass of water with a straw.
Ask him or her to take small sips and swallows as you continue guiding the tube
downward.
  Stop once you reach the measured mark. Continue feeding the tube into the
patient's throat until the marked measurement reaches the patient's nostril.

7. What is the height of feeding syringe above the newborn’s head during feeding
 Let the feeding run in by gravity by raising the syringe 8-12 inches above your
baby’s head. The feeding normally should take 20-30 minutes. Lower the syringe
if the feeding is running too fast. When the feeding is completed, clear the tube
with 3 cc of water.

8. What is the amount of air to be injected to the tube when checking the placement of the
feeding tube
 Draw up 30 ml of air into a 60 ml syringe and then attach to end of feeding tube.
Flush tube with 30 ml of air before attempting to aspirate fluid. Draw back
syringe slowly and obtain 5-10 ml of gastric aspirate for pH testing. Observe
appearance of aspirate to help assess position of tube.

9. What is the most appropriate way to confirm proper placement of the feeding tube
 Another reliable method for ongoing tube placement verification is determining
the pH of the fluid aspirated from feeding tubes. Gastric fluid is usually acidic,
with a pH less than or equal to 5.5.

10. What is the single lumen small bore feeding tube more appropriate for administration of
medication and nutrition
 A nasogastric tube is used for feeding and administering drugs and other oral
agents such as activated charcoal. For drugs and for minimal quantities of liquid,
a syringe is used for injection into the tube. A nasogastric tube or an NG tube is a
long, thin tube made of polyurethane, silicone, or rubber. It is inserted into a
patient’s nasal or oral passage to administer or remove substances in the stomach.
Comatose patients and patients with trauma to their oral pathway also use
nasogastric tubes.