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Contents
2.1 General overview .......................................................................................
2.2 Structural and material considerations ..................................................
2.3 Factor of safety ...........................................................................................
2.4 Design by rule ............................................................................................
2.5 Design by analysis .....................................................................................
References .............................................................................................................
Steels
Nonferrous materials such as aluminum and copper
Specialty metals such as titanium and zirconium
Nonmetallic materials, such as, plastic, composites and concrete
Metallic and nonmetallic protective coatings
Yield strength
Ultimate strength
Reduction of area (a measure of ductility)
Fracture toughness
Resistance to corrosion
The failures that the pressure vessels are to be designed against are
generally stress dependent. For this reason it becomes necessary to obtain
the stress distribution in the pressure vessels. There is a need to evaluate the
operating stresses due to the imposed conditions by analytical methods and
sometimes by experimental means. Furthermore we also need to under-
stand the significance of these stresses on the structural integrity of the
pressure vessel by considering the material properties of the vessel.
Developments in aerospace, nuclear, chemical, and petrochemical indus-
tries have put demands on pressure vessel materials to sustain thermal
shock, dynamics, and cyclic operation (fatigue). Knowledge of the material
behavior is necessary not only to ensure that the vessel can withstand the
Pressure
Dead weight
Seismic factors
Piping
X
m
ni
¼1 ð2:1Þ
1
Ni
References
1. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
ASME, New York.
2. Burgreen, D., Design Methods for Power Plant Structures, C.P. Press, New York,
1975.
3. Harvey, J.F., Theory and Design of Pressure Vessels, Van Nostrand Reinhold,
New York, 1985.