Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
(DEP Circular 31/12 has been incorporated)
DEM1
PREFACE
DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell
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and thereby to help achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
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locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...............................................4
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................4
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................4
1.2 DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS .........4
1.3 DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................4
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES .............................................................................................5
1.5 SUMMARY OF CHANGES.........................................................................................5
1.6 COMMENTS ON THIS DEP .......................................................................................5
1.7 DUAL UNITS...............................................................................................................5
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................5
2.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................5
2.2 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ADOPTED FOR USE...............................................5
PART II AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 19902:2007 ............................................6
3. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................6
5. ABBREVIATED TERMS .............................................................................................6
6. OVERALL CONSIDERATIONS..................................................................................6
8. ACTIONS FOR PRE-SERVICE AND REMOVAL SITUATION ..................................7
9. ACTIONS FOR IN-PLACE SITUATION .....................................................................9
10. ACCIDENTAL SITUATIONS.....................................................................................10
12. STRUCTURAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS ........................................................10
13. STRENGTH OF TUBULAR MEMBERS ...................................................................10
14. STRENGTH OF TUBULAR JOINTS ........................................................................10
15. STRENGTH AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF OTHER STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................11
16. FATIGUE...................................................................................................................12
17. FOUNDATION DESIGN ...........................................................................................13
18. CORROSION CONTROL .........................................................................................18
19. MATERIALS..............................................................................................................18
20. WELDING, FABRICATION AND WELD INSPECTION............................................19
21. QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY ASSURANCE AND DOCUMENTATION .............20
22. LOADOUT, TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION..........................................20
23. IN-SERVICE INSPECTION AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT .....23
24. ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES........................................................23
26. STANDARD DETAILS ..............................................................................................23
ANNEX A ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE .....................................................24
ANNEX C MATERIAL CATEGORY APPROACH .....................................................................29
ANNEX D DESIGN CLASS APPROACH ..................................................................................33
ANNEX G FABRICATION TOLERANCES ................................................................................33
PART III REFERENCES .........................................................................................................34
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design of fixed steel
offshore structures for the petroleum and natural gas industries. It also covers issues
relating to planning and construction where these are relevant to design.
This DEP is based on ISO 19902:2007. Part II of this DEP amends, supplements and
replaces various clauses of ISO 19902:2007.
This DEP does not cover design of the topsides structure.
In certain situations (e.g. where extensive good historical performance is known), and if
approved by the Principal, fixed offshore structures may be designed in accordance with
API-WSD instead of ISO 19902:2007 and this DEP.
This DEP contains mandatory requirements to mitigate process safety risks in accordance
with Design Engineering Manual DEM 1 – Application of Technical Standards
This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated January 2010; see (1.5) regarding
the main changes.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and
construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The lower-case word shall indicates a requirement.
The capitalised term SHALL [PS] indicates a process safety requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.
1.4 CROSS-REFERENCES
The clause numbering used in Part II of this DEP corresponds with that used in
ISO 19902:2007. Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (Part III).
This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 GENERAL
Part II of this DEP amends, supplements and deletes various clauses/paragraphs of
ISO 19902:2007. Wherever reference is made to ISO 19902, it shall be understood to
mean ISO 19902:2007 as amended/supplemented by this DEP.
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of ISO 19902 has been used throughout
Part II of this DEP. Clauses of ISO 19902 that are not mentioned in this DEP shall remain
applicable as written.
3.57 barge
simple floating vessel, normally non-propelled, on which a structure can be transported
3.58 vessel
self-propelled ship-shaped unit, on which a structure can be transported.
5. ABBREVIATED TERMS
Add:
CoG centre of gravity
FMEA failure modes and effects analysis
GRP glass-reinforced plastic
6. OVERALL CONSIDERATIONS
6.1 Types of fixed steel offshore structure
6.1.1 General
Add:
All calculations, dimensions and weights shall be in SI units (see DEP 00.00.20.10-Gen.).
6.1 Service and operational considerations
6.3.3.2 Deck elevation
Add:
For a structure with exposure level L1 (manned non-evacuated or high consequence, see
Table 6.6.1) the abnormal water level should have a return period of 10 000 years and
should incorporate the associated storm surge and astronomical tide, in addition to
allowances for water depth uncertainty, seabed penetration and subsidence. For a
structure with exposure level L2 (manned evacuated or unmanned and medium
consequence, see Table 6.6.1) the abnormal water level should have a return period of
1 000 years and should incorporate the associated storm surge and astronomical tide, in
addition to allowances for water depth uncertainty, seabed penetration and subsidence.
Add to last paragraph:
The durability, corrosion protection and fatigue characteristics of such equipment and
support members shall also receive detailed attention in design.
This target reliability can be achieved by using the 100-year return period environmental
actions in conjunction with the action factors given in ISO 19902:2007 Table A.9.9.2.
Change c) to b).
8.6 Actions associated with transportation
8.6.3 Determination of actions
Add:
In lieu of a full motion analysis the values given in Table 8.6-1 may be used for design. The
partial action factor for environmental, permanent and variable actions may be taken as
1.20.
Additionally, a maximum allowable angle of heel shall be determined in order to account for
structural design limitations of, for instance, topsides modules and the sea fastening. It is
clearly irrelevant that the structure may be allowed to heel 15° if the integrity of modules or
sea fastening is already compromised at 10°.
NOTES: 1. The factor f in the table is the minimum of 1.0 and (0.5 + 3/√A), , where A is the area over which the
2
variable action acts in m .
EP 97-5050 provides guidance on determining the RSR value. The RSR is dependent on
the probability of failure and the local environmental conditions.
5th paragraph; add the following sentence at the end of the paragraph:
Partially overlapped braces are not allowed in the ship impact zone.
Figure 14.2-4:
Correction - The two requirements for details on the left referring to the lower brace should
read:
≥ d2 and ≥ 600;
≥ d2/4 and ≥ 150
and for fatigue repetitive actions. In addition to this the conductor guides shall be checked
(manually) for the highest reaction from wave actions and for fatigue endurance.
The top conductor guide shall also be checked for accidental setting of a conductor on the
edge of a guide; this case is an accidental design situation where permanent deformation of
the cone is allowed.
Forced displacements and any consequent actions on the conductor guides due to the
relative movement between the structure and a drilling jack-up, where applicable, shall be
considered in a ULS check.
The minimum clearance between conductor and conductor guide is 25 mm (1 in) on radius.
Conductor guide geometry may be included in the structural model in the following manner:
conductor guide connected to framing by cantilever stub;
conductor guide connected to surrounding framing by vertical plates (8 equi-spaced
around the perimeter);
conductor guide connected to framing by horizontal plate (not preferred).
The following minimum requirements apply to the conductor guide and cantilever stub
design:
the guide shall have a cone at both the top and the bottom of the guide, or a cone
at the top and a ring stiffener at the bottom;
Add new clause:
15.5 Caissons
Causes of caisson failure should be considered in the design of caissons to ensure long-
term structural integrity and robustness. Deterioration of the integrity of seawater lift
caissons, which are critical to platform safety, can occur due to a number of factors:
Mechanical abrasion due to the pump string orbiting during operation and/or the
caisson moving against the pump under the action of wave loads and current;
Stray current corrosion as a result of metallic contact between electrical anti-fouling
systems and the caisson wall;
Localised galvanic corrosion due to dissimilar metal reaction either from pump
strainers or the pump column material;
Corrosion fatigue.
16. FATIGUE
16.4 Performing the global stress analyses
16.4.2 Actions caused by waves
Replace the second sentence of the last paragraph with:
The drag coefficient shall be taken as Cd=0.65 for smooth tubulars and Cd=0.80 for rough
tubulars.
16.8 Determining the long-term stress range distribution by deterministic analysis
16.8.1 General
Correction - the cross-references in the last line of the 2nd paragraph should read:
Guidance on dynamically responding structures is given in 16.4.4 and 16.6.4.
For piles acting in a group the axial bearing capacity of the pile group is considered to be
the lesser of the:
• Sum of the capacities of the isolated piles, or
• Capacity of the 'equivalent pier', where the pier forms an envelope around all piles.
The axial bearing capacity of the pile group consists of skin friction along the outer
perimeter of the pile group plus end bearing of the pier. Unit skin friction values, f, shall be
calculated for the stress and friction conditions that will exist on the relevant failure
surfaces.
The end bearing capacity of the pier may be calculated using the same equations as for
individual piles. It should be noted that these equations are applicable for small size
footings in uniform soils. In estimating the end bearing capacity of the pile group, the
following shall especially be taken into account :
• size effect of the footing;
• allowable displacement;
• the presence of weak layers within a distance of 1.5 to 2 times the equivalent pier
diameter from the tip of the foundation.
17.10 Pile wall thickness
17.10.5 Stresses during driving
Add to the first paragraph:
The fatigue damage during driving shall be assessed based on the expected blow count.
Stress concentration factors shall be treated in a similar way as for butt welds in structural
members. The fatigue damage design factor (see 16.2.2) shall be based on failure critical
components and the non-inspectable joint category. The fatigue analysis for the pile butt
welds shall be done in accordance with ISO clauses 16.10.2.2 and A.16.10.2.2.6.
Insert the following paragraph after the first paragraph:
The effects of weld beads on a grouted skirt pile shall be assessed based on an
appropriate S-N curve based on weld qualification; the SCF shall be taken as 1.0 in
combination with the ISO E S-N Curve.
17.10.6 Minimum wall thickness
Add to the end:
The maximum D/t ratio at the pile tip shall be limited to 40 to avoid pile tip damage. The
following minimum length of the pile tip section should be:
19. MATERIALS
19.6 Cement grout for pile-to-sleeve connections and grouted repairs
19.6.1 Grout materials
Add to first paragraph:
Typical grout types are Oilwell Class B or G, Eucellite B. Alternative grout mixes may be
used subject to approval of the Principal and if supporting test data on their characteristic
compressive strength and other mechanical properties are provided.
Add new clause:
19.7 Other materials
19.7.1 Timber
Where timber is used for structural purposes, for example skid beams, launch runners or
mudmats, a specification should be prepared taking account of locally available timber
types and locally applied standards relating to timber materials. The specification should
detail the strength requirements, the grading and moisture content applicable and should
define requirements for testing and storage of the timber prior to use. Dimensional
tolerances and constraints on timber arrangement should be specified and requirements for
coating, sealing, lubrication and fastening of the timber should be defined. The stiffness of
the timber should be specified if this is important for the design.
Glue laminated beams may be considered for launch runners. The adhesives used should
be suitable for marine applications and the intended orientation of the lamination planes
relative to the applied actions should be defined.
The following list is indicative of the types of hardwood timber that may be used:
- greenheart;
- ekki;
- opepe;
- iroko.
Hardwood timber shall be specified in accordance with BS 5756, and BS 5268 shall apply
for strength and design criteria.
All hardwood used shall carry a FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) label.
19.7.2 Fibre reinforced composites and glass reinforced plastic (GRP)
Fibre reinforced composites or GRP can be produced with a wide range of properties,
including high strength. A wide range of resin binders and fibres are employed and the
technology is developing rapidly. The cost of high performance composite is generally high
but can be offset by low or zero maintenance costs.
Due to the large variation in material properties there are very few design codes for the use
of these materials and their suitability is usually determined by type testing to meet
performance criteria.
Fibre reinforced composites may be considered for caissons and other structural
applications where a life cycle cost benefit and structural integrity can be demonstrated.
Design criteria for GRP items shall be agreed with the Principal.
19.7.3 Novel materials
Where a new material, not previously employed for a particular function or application, is
considered to be beneficial, it shall be carefully screened, validated and supported by the
provision of material qualification records, certification and test data.
The following is a list of issues that shall be considered:
- strength, toughness, stiffness, fatigue, durability and behaviour at elevated
temperatures;
- resistance to chemical attack and corrosion;
- resistance to environmental exposure: weathering, moisture and ultraviolet (UV);
- electrochemical reaction with other materials, including crevice corrosion;
- maintenance and inspection requirements;
- weight and life cycle costs;
- quality control complying with recognized standards.
During fit-up of single-sided closure welds, the quality of the weld preparation shall be
optimized by making appropriate use of pipe end re-rolling and templates. Pup-pieces and
temporary access man-ways should not be generally used to facilitate welding. Welding
processes and techniques (e.g. non-metallic backing strips) which have greater tolerance to
fit-up, may be used for the root pass, subject to the approval of the Principal.
The root finish shall be visually inspected during welding by means of fibrescope or
boroscope techniques and suitable light sources. Access shall be via the remaining
temporary root gap and not through windows purposely cut in the tube wall. For tube wall
thicknesses over 30 mm, interstage inspection of the weld using double-wall single image
radiography and dry MPI may be applied after about one-third of the wall thickness has
been completed. Interstage inspection shall only be carried out where preheat
temperatures can be maintained. Ultrasonic inspection of such single-sided welds shall be
in accordance with EN 1714 and ISO 5817 Quality Level B.
FEM model X X X
The damage case shall be based on accidental flooding of any one buoyant compartment,
for instance due to tearing/breakage of rubber diaphragms on skirt pile sleeves. The extent
of flooding of a compartment should be based on the hydrostatic pressure balance, i.e. it is
not required to fully flood compartments, where vent valves prevent full flooding of a
compartment.
Table 22.2-2 Recommended minimum GM after launch and during upending
After upending, before final positioning, both 1.0 (3.3) 0.2 (0.66)
directions
NOTE: A limited period during upending, when the steel structure is metastable or unstable longitudinally, can be
acceptable, provided the behaviour has been investigated and all interested parties are aware of it.
Practical problems that can be encountered with attending vessels, or rigging and handling lines, should
be resolved.
Documents should be prepared by the Contractor to show the calculations of the minimum
GM after launch and during upending with the top of the steel structure immersed, if
applicable.
As it is not practical to provide either damage stability or reinforcement against collision
over the full range of waterlines, planning and risk assessment should also include:
a clear statement of the draughts, times, durations, and operational sequences when
damage stability is not available, or the reinforcement cannot be carried out; and
a procedure to return to a waterline that is reinforced against collision should the
installation operation be aborted.
22.5 Pile installation
22.5.1 General
Add to the end of the 1st sentence:
…without damage or early refusal.
22.5.2 Stabbing guides
Replace “stabbing guides” by “stabbing points”
Replace part of the last sentence by:
… safely supporting the full weight of the add-on pile section and stabbing loads prior to
welding.
22.5.5 Driveability studies
Amend and add to the last sentence of the 4th paragraph:
…, in particular when delays are necessary for welding add-on pile sections or due to
breakdowns, waiting on weather or standby time.
22.5.8 Pile refusal remedial measures
Correction - change list number mm) to b), and list number b) to c).
1) Plug removal, 2nd paragraph
Delete last sentence
2) Soil removal below the pile tip
1st paragraph
Replace first sentence by:
Soil below the pile tip may be removed, either by drilling an undersized hole or by jetting
and possibly airlifting.
2nd Paragraph
Replace sentence by:
Considering the uncertainties with respect to the pile axial capacity, uncemented soils
below the pile tip shall not be removed by any means to reduce the pile driving resistance.
5th paragraph
Delete from last part of this sentence: ..., unless this zone has been grouted.
Delete last sentence
22.5.12 Grouting pile-to-sleeve connections and grouted repairs
Add:
Each sleeve to be grouted shall have primary and secondary grout supplies. Each supply
line shall terminate at a ring manifold offering at least four entry ports into the pile sleeve. A
tertiary grout supply to the sleeve shall be provided for a diver back-up system. The
secondary and tertiary grout supplies may be used to complete grouting a pile sleeve in
cases where the primary supply line has been used to set a 'grout plug'. A grout plug shall
be required to seal the bottom of the sleeve if the inflatable packer system becomes
damaged. Grout monitoring equipment, either permanent or temporary (diver or ROV
manipulated), shall be provided at the top of each sleeve.
Packer inflation lines shall also be provided with a back up inlet to the packer. All lines for
grouting, packer inflation and monitoring shall be clearly marked and shall terminate in
appropriate control manifolds/panels at the top bracing elevation of the fixed structure or
another convenient and easily accessible location.
Flexible hoses may be used for all grout supply lines, if it can be shown that they cannot
sustain damage during installation and that this option is more cost effective than running
hard lines down the structure’s leg.
22.5.13 Pile installation records
Add in 1st sentence:
Throughout the driving of piles (main piles, skirt piles, docking piles, TLP piles, conductors,
etc.), comprehensive…
22.5.14 Use of hydraulic hammers
1st paragraph, add at the end:
This is why it is important to study the free length behaviour of piles during their installation.
For instance how are the piles supported, what loads can the piles support (wind, wave, top
loads such as hammers, etc.). Commonly this is done by performing a pile free-length study
during the design/engineering phase.
2nd paragraph, include in the 1st sentence:
… to maintain a fairly low blow count (usually between 8 and 20 blows per 0.25 m [10 in]).
22.6 Installation of conductors
Add after paragraph 5 and before the list:
The procedures described in A.22.6 shall be used as a guide to determine conductor
setting depth with respect to hydraulic fracture of the soil and minimum spacing between
conductors and foundation piles. Either a safety factor of 1.1 should be applied to the
calculated mud or cement density or a suitable allowance should be made for suspended
cuttings load.
A.22.6 gives minimum horizontal centre-to-centre spacing between conductors and piles for
both sand and clay strata. It should be noted that the spacing criterion for sandy soils is
much more severe than for clay soils. Wherever possible, conductor tips should be set in a
clay stratum. Where this is not possible, conductor installation procedures should be
arranged so as to minimize the possibility of wash-out around the conductor tips.
In all cases a minimum vertical separation between conductor setting depth and pile tip of
5 m (16 ft) shall be maintained.
Add to b):
Driving alone is the method least likely to prove detrimental to the capacity of adjacent
conductors or piles. However, where it is not possible to achieve the desired conductor
setting depth using the driving method, a drill-drive solution may be used. With this method,
the soil plug inside the conductor is drilled out and, where necessary, a pilot hole is drilled
ahead of the conductor. A method of predicting driving behaviour during drill-drive
installation is given in A.22.6.
The option of drilling an open hole and placing the conductor inside increases the possibility
of wash-out of the soil and therefore should not be used. This could lead to subsequent
grouting problems and degradation of the soil bearing strength around the foundation piles.
This technique shall not be used where sand formations have to be penetrated.
26.2 Handrails
Handrail geometry and design shall as a minimum comply with ISO 14122-3 and the
following amendments.
The design action shall be taken as 0.75 kN/m (51.4 lb/ft) for normal handrails and 1.5
kN/m (102.8 lb/ft) for handrails around muster areas and laydown areas. If the handrails
around laydown areas are used to stop swinging loads, the design shall take this into
account.
26.3 Ladders
Ladders shall comply with ISO 14122-1 and ISO 14122-4. Sidestep ladders are the
preferred solution.
26.4 Stairs
Stairs shall as a minimum comply with ISO 14122-1 and ISO 14122-3 and the following
amendments.
The stair angle should normally not exceed 38°. The Principal's approval is required for
stairs with an angle between 38° and 45°. The stair angle shall be the same throughout a
complete platform. Access stairs to the fixed structure may be single flight stairs. Maximum
step size shall be 220 mm (8-5/8 in) instead of 250 mm (10 in). The minimum width of stairs
shall be 1000 mm (40 in), except for stairs that are part of a main escape route where the
width shall be 1200 mm (48 in) minimum.
26.5 Working platforms and flooring
Working platforms and flooring shall comply with ISO 14122-1 and ISO 14122-2.
26.6 Self closing gates
Gates shall have at least a handrail and a knee rail to the relevant requirements of
ISO 14122-3. A gate shall be self-closing inward from a platform deck.
A.9.8 Equivalent quasi-static action representing dynamic response caused by extreme wave
conditions
A.9.8.3.2 Dynamic analysis methods
Replace “No guidance is offered” with:
Guidance can be found in EP 87-0170 and EP 93-2525.
A.9.9 Factored actions
A.9.9.3.3 Partial action factor, γf,E
Add to the end of the last paragraph:
Further guidance can be found in EP 97-5050
A.9.10 Design situations
A.9.10.2 Demonstrating sufficient RSR under environmental actions
Replace “No guidance is offered” with:
Guidance can be found in EP 97-5050
A.10 Accidental situations
A.10.1 General
Add new clause:
A.10.1.6.1 Requirements for damage tolerance
There should be no impairment of performance standards for low energy impacts. Only
minor repairs should be subsequently required. The follow up requirements to demonstrate
short term integrity should be outlined in terms of damage survey and analysis.
A summary of post-impact requirements for various regions are listed in Table A.10.1-1.
This data may be overridden by local or project requirements.
Table A.10.1-1 Damage tolerance criteria
Brunei TBA NA
A detailed fatigue analysis of the weld root is only required when weld improvement
techniques are employed or when there is a regulatory requirement for analysing weld root
fatigue.
A.16.10.2.2.6 Tubular thickness transitions.
Add at the end:
The SCF for tubular butt welds with and without thickness transition (see DNV-RP-C203) is
given by the following equations.
6δ tot 1
Cbw = 1 + ⋅ 2,5
⋅ e −α
t ⎛T ⎞
1+ ⎜ ⎟
⎝t⎠
δ 0 = 0,1t
1,82 L 1
α= ⋅ 2,5
Dt ⎛T ⎞
1+ ⎜ ⎟
⎝t⎠
where
Cbw is the stress concentration factor for butt welds with or without thickness
transition;
δ is the misalignment;
δ0 is the misalignment inherent in the S-N data;
T is the thickness of the thicker part (see figure below);
t is the thickness of the thinner part (see figure below);
L is the length of the thickness transition (see figure below);
D is the diameter of the tubular member.
Table C.5 Correlation of steel group and toughness class for steel plates to
European specifications
Steel Toughness Specification Grade SMYS Comment
group class MPa kpsi
I NT EN 10025[D.1] S275JR / 275 / 39.9 /
S235JRG2 235 34.1
II NT EN 10025[D.1] S355J0 355 51.5
[D.1]
CV1 EN 10025 S355N/M 355 51.5
[D.2]
EN 10225 S355J2G3 355 51.5 Option 5; PCE≤0.43,
PS≤0.025, PP≤0.025 ;
longitudinal Charpy ≥ 40J
[D.2]
EN 10225 S355K2G3 355 51.5 Option 5; PCE≤0.43,
PS≤0.025, PP≤0.025
CV2 EN 10225[D.2] S355G7N/M or 355 51.5 Options 6, 12 and 18
S355G9N/M
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225[D.2] S355G8N/M or 355 51.5 Options 6, 12, 13 and 18
S355G10N/M
III CV1 EN 10025[D.1] S420NL/ML 420 60.9
[D.2]
CV2 EN 10225 S420G1Q/G1M 420 60.9 Options 6, 9, 12 and 18
[D.2]
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225 S420G2Q/G2M 420 60.9 Options 6, 9, 12, 13 and 18
[D.2]
IV CV2 EN 10225 S460G1Q/G1M 460 66.7 Options 6, 9, 12 and 18
[D.2]
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225 S460G2Q/G2M 460 66.7 Options 6, 9, 12, 13 and 18
V CV2 NORSOK M-120 S460G1Q/G1M 500 72.5 Options 6, 9, 12 and 18
[D.3]
modified
CV2Z/ZX NORSOK M-120 S460G2Q/G2M 500 72.5 Options 6, 9, 12, 13 and 18
[D.3]
modified
For CV2, CV2Z and CV2ZX materials, base material information, documentation and results of weldability tests according to EN
[D.2]
10225 should be established prior to delivery. The documentation of base material should include a strain aging test for group V
steels, typical tensile tests and weldability tests for plates within each of the following thickness ranges, relevant for the order: 25
mm to 40 mm, 40 mm to 63 mm, 63 mm to 100 mm and 100 mm to 150 mm, for both the AW and PWHT conditions. CTOD testing
shall be included for thicknesses above 40 mm and shall meet the requirements of a minimum 0.20 for PWHT and 0.25 mm for AW
conditions.
Table C.6 Correlation of steel group and toughness class for steel sections to
European specifications
Steel Toughness Specification Grade SMYS Comment
group class MPa Kpsi
I NT EN 10025[D.1] S275JR / 275 / 39.9 /
S235JRG2 235 34.1
II NT EN 10225[D.2] S355J0 355 51.5
[D.1]
CV1 EN 10025 S355N/M 355 51.5
[D.2]
EN 10225 S355J2G3/G4 355 51.5 Option 5; PCE≤0.43,
PS≤0.025, PP≤0.025 ;
longitudinal Charpy ≥ 40J
[D.2]
EN 10225 S355K2G3/G4 355 51.5 Option 5; PCE≤0.43,
PS≤0.025, PP≤0.025
CV2 EN 10225[D.2] S355G11N/M 355 51.5 Options 9 and 18
[D.2]
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225 S355G12N/M 355 51.5 Options 9, 13, 18 and 21,
class 2.1
III CV1 EN 10025[D.1] S420NL/ML 420 60.9
[D.2]
CV2 EN 10225 S420G3M 420 60.9 Options 9 and 18
[D.2]
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225 S420G4M 420 60.9 Options 9, 13, 18 and 21,
class 2.1
IV CV2 EN 10225[D.2] S460G3M 460 66.7 Options 9 and 18
[D.2]
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225 S460G4M 460 66.7 Options 9, 13, 18 and 21,
class 2.1
V CV2 NORSOK M-120 [D.3] S460G3M 500 72.5 Options 9 and 18
modified
CV2Z/ZX NORSOK M-120 [D.3] S460G4M 500 72.5 Options 9, 13, 18 and 21,
modified class 2.1
For CV2, CV2Z and CV2ZX materials, base material information, documentation and results of weldability tests according to EN
[D.2]
10225 should be established prior to delivery. The documentation of base material should include a strain aging test for group V
steels, typical tensile tests and weldability tests for sections within each of the following thickness ranges, relevant for the order: 25
mm to 40 mm, 40 mm to 63 mm, 63 mm to 100 mm and 100 mm to 150 mm, for both the AW and PWHT conditions. CTOD testing
shall be included for thicknesses above 40 mm and shall meet the requirements of a minimum 0.25 mm for AW condition.
Table C.7 Correlation of steel group and toughness class for steel tubulars to
European specifications
Steel Toughness Specification Grade SMYS Comment
group class MPa kpsi
I NT EN 10210[D.4] S275J0H / 275 / 39.9 / Hot finished
S235JRH 235 34.1
EN 10219[D.5] S275J0H / 275 / 39.9 / Cold formed
S235JRH 235 34.1
II NT EN 10210[D.4] S355J0H 355 51.5 Hot finished
[D.5]
EN 10219 S355J2H 355 51.5 Cold formed
[D.2]
CV1 EN 10225 S355G1N 355 51.5 Hot finished
EN 10210[D.4] S355NH 355 51.5 Hot finished, option 1.4;
PCE≤0.43
[D.5]
EN 10219 S355MLH 355 51.5 Cold formed, option 1.4,
PS≤0.025, PP≤0.025
CV2 EN 10225[D.2] S355G14 355 51.5 Options 6, 7 and 18;
Q/N PP≤0.016
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225[D.2] S355G15 355 51.5 Options 6, 7, 13, 18 and
Q/N 22; PC≤0.16
III CV1 EN 10219[D.5] S420MLH 420 60.9 Cold formed, PCE≤0.39,
PS≤0.015, PP≤0.025;
Charpy ≤ 50J
CV2 EN 10225[D.2] S420G6Q 420 60.9 Options 6 and 18
modified
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225[D.2] S420G6Q 420 60.9 Options 6, 13, 18 and 22
modified
IV CV2 EN 10225[D.2] S460G6Q 460 66.7 Options 6 and 18
modified
CV2Z/ZX EN 10225[D.2] S460G6Q 460 66.7 Options 6, 13, 18 and 22
modified
V CV2 NORSOK M-120 [D.3] S460G6Q 500 72.5 Options 9, 12 and 18
modified
CV2Z/ZX NORSOK M-120 [D.3] S460G6Q 500 72.5 Options 9, 12, 13, 18 and
modified 22
For CV2, CV2Z and CV2ZX materials, base material information, documentation and results of weldability tests according to EN
[D.2]
10225 should be established prior to delivery. The documentation of base material should include a strain aging test for
group V steels, typical tensile tests and weldability tests for tubulars within each of the following thickness ranges, relevant for
the order: 25 mm to 40 mm, 40 mm to 63 mm, 63 mm to 100 mm and 100 mm to 150 mm, for both the AW and PWHT
conditions. CTOD testing shall be included for thicknesses above 40 mm and shall meet the requirements of a minimum 0.25
mm for AW conditions.
SHELL STANDARDS
Design of cathodic protection systems for new fixed offshore DEP 37.19.30.30-Gen.
steel structures (amendments/supplements to DNV RP B401)
Practice for the dynamic analysis of fixed offshore platforms for EP 87-170
extreme storm conditions. A review of available methods and
guidelines for their application
AMERICAN STANDARDS
BRITISH STANDARDS
Issued by:
British Standards Institution
389 Chiswick High Road
London W4 4AL,
UK
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain EN 10210
steels
Issued by:
CEN
Rue de Stassart 36
B-1050 Brussels
Belgium
Copies can also be obtained from national standards organizations
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Welding – Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their ISO 5817
alloys (beam welding excluded) – Quality levels for imperfections
Petroleum and natural gas industries – Fixed steel offshore ISO 19902:2007
structures
Issued by:
ISO Central Secretariat
1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Genève 20,
Switzerland
Copies can also be obtained from national standards organizations.
NORWEGIAN STANDARDS
Issued by:
Det Norske Veritas Industri Norge AS
Veritasveien 1
1322 Høvik
Norway
Issued by:
Standards Norway (Standard Norge)
P.O. Box 242
NO-1326 Lysaker
Norway
Ref. 1 Jardine, R., Chow, F., Overy, R., and Standing, J. ICP Design
(2005) ICP Design Methods for Driven Piles in
Sands and Clays, – Imperial College, Thomas
Telford Publishing, London
Ref. 2 Overy, R.F. and Dean, A.R. (1986) "Hydraulic Fracture OTC 5226
Testing of Cohesive Soil"
Issued by:
Offshore Technology Conference
222 Palisades Creek Drive
Richardson, TX 75080-2040
USA