Name: Ancog, Justin lowel A.
Date: November 19, 2020
Section: DDD
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMINS
VITAMIN A
(Other Names: Retinol, retinal,
retinoic acid; precursors are
carotenoids such as beta-
carotene)
VITAMIN D
Other Names:
 Ergocalciferol (vitamin D2)
 Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3
or calciol)
 Calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin
D)
 Calcitriol (1,25-
dihydroxyvitamin D)
FUNCTIONS
Vitamin A is a versatile
vitamin, known to regulate
the expression of several
hundred genes. Its major
roles include:
• Promoting vision
• Participating in protein
synthesis and cell
differentiation, thereby
maintaining the health of
epithelial tissues and skin
• Supporting reproduction
and growth
Though called a vitamin,
the active form of vitamin
D is actually a hormone—a
compound manufactured
by one part of the body
that travels through the
blood and causes another
body part to respond. Like
vitamin A, vitamin D has a
binding protein that carries
COMPILATION OF VITAMINS
FOOD SOURCES RDA DEFICIENCY TOXICITY
 The richest sources of 2001 RDA  Infectious Diseases  Bone Defects
the retinoids are foods - Men: 900 μg RAE/day Such as – measles,
derived from animals: - Women: 700 μg RAE/day malaria, lung diseases, and  Birth Defects
- liver HIV
- fish liver oils,  Not for Acne
- milk  Night Blindness
- milk products
- butter  Blindness (Xerophthalmia)
- eggs
 Dark leafy greens (like
spinach—not celery or  Keratinization
cabbage) and rich
yellow or deep orange
vegetables and fruits
(such as winter squash,
cantaloupe, carrots,
and sweet potatoes—
not corn or bananas)
help people meet their
vitamin A needs.
 Only a few foods— 1997 Adequate Intake (AI)  Rickets  Excess vitamin D
notably oily fish and Adults: raises the
egg yolks—contain 5 μg/day (19–50 yr)  Osteomalacia concentration of
vitamin D naturally 10 μg/day (51–70 yr) blood calcium.
 The body can make 15 μg/day (>70 yr) Upper  Osteoporosis - Excess blood calcium
vitamin D with the help Level Adults: tends to precipitate in
of a little sunshine. 50 μg/day  The Elderly the soft tissue, forming
 Vitamin D–fortified milk - The skin, liver, and stones, especially in the
Current Recommended kidneys lose their capacity to kidneys where calcium is
Dietary Allowances (RDAs) make and activate vitamin D concentrated in an
 it to the target organs—
most notably, the
intestines, the kidneys, and
the bones. All respond to
vitamin D by making the
minerals needed for bone
growth and maintenance
available.
Antioxidant (stabilization of 
cell membranes, regulation
of oxidation reactions,
protection of
polyunsaturated fatty acids
[PUFA] and vitamin A)
VITAMIN E
Other Names:
 Alpha-tocopherol
for vitamin D:   with advancing age effort to excrete it.
- 600 IU of vitamin D per - Older adults typically Calcification may also
day for adults for drink little or no milk—the harden the blood
individuals from 1 to 70 main dietary source of vitamin vessels and is especially
years of age D. dangerous in the major
- 800 IU per day for those - Older adults typically arteries of the brain,
over 70 years. spend much of the day heart, and lungs, where
indoors, and when they do it can cause death.
venture outside, many of
them cautiously wear
protective clothing or apply
sunscreen to all sun exposed
areas of their skin
Polyunsaturated plant 2000 RDA  Red blood cell breakage  Extremely high
oils (margarine, salad Adults: 15 mg/day doses of vitamin E
dressings, shortenings)  Nerve damage may interfere with
 leafy green vegetables Upper Level the blood-clotting
(spinach, turnip greens, Adults: 1000 mg/day action of vitamin K
collard greens, and enhance the
broccoli), effects of drugs used
 wheat germ to oppose blood
 whole grain clotting, causing
 liver hemorrhage
 egg yolks
 nuts
 seeds
 fatty meats
 VITAMIN K  None known
Other Names: Synthesis of blood-clotting  Bacterial synthesis in 2001 Adequate Intake (AI)  Hemorrhaging however, high doses
 Phylloquinone, proteins and bone proteins the digestive tract Men: 120 μg/day of vitamin K can
 Menaquinone,
 Menadione,
 liver Women: 90 μg/day reduce the
 Naphthoquinone  leafy green vegetables effectiveness of
 cabbage-type anticoagulant drugs
vegetables used to prevent
 milk blood clotting.