AE4A Workbook

AE4
the internet society
Introduction to Workbooks
Workbooks provide a self-study resource for learners at all levels of the course. Workbook
material flows from the content of course book lessons. Workbooks provide learners with a wide
range of practice activities designed to support, vary and extend the language and skills focus
of particular lessons in each unit.
Workbooks have two broad aims:
1 to provide learners with language consolidation and skills development outside of class-
based lessons.
2 to provide learners with extension tasks that support independent learning.
Workbook material may include any of the following:
• grammar consolidation tasks

• vocabulary review
• pronunciation work, such as word stress
• listening skills tasks
• extension reading
• test preparation type activities
• detailed descriptions of grammar.
A workbook unit typically constitutes a minimum of 2 hours of material per unit. Unit 10 has no
workbook activities.
Workbooks are intended for home-based self-study, have answer keys and listening transcripts,
and do not require teacher marking.

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The copyright owner of such materials is indicated. Unauthorised reproduction of these materials by any means is prohibited.
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AE4 the internet society
Contents
Introduction 1
Contents 2
Unit 1 Social networks 4

Lessons 1.2 Success factors 4
1.3 Social networking and virtual worlds 5
1.4 Privacy and social networks 7
1.5 Convenience or privacy? 8
1.8 Tutorial: a blog 9
Unit 2 Using the internet for study 12

Lessons 2.1 Internet vocabulary 12
2.5 Reading academic texts 13
2.9 Preparing your writing assignment 14
Unit 3 Global companies 15

Lessons 3.1 Corporate behaviour 15
3.3 Unpacking meaning 18
3.4 What’s in the background? 19
3.6 Selecting main points 20
3.8 Paraphrasing 21
Unit 4 International communication 23

Lessons 4.1 Group communication 23
4.2 Delivering the presentation 25
4.3 Collaborative learning 31
4.4 Communication approaches 32
4.5 English as a global language 34
Appendices 36
Listening transcripts 37
Answer key 38
References 42
2 UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015

AE4A
AE4 the internet society
WORKBOOK

AE4 1.2 Success factors
GRAMMAR
Correct the sentences in the social networking report using the Correction key in the
Appendix of the Course book.
Social networking trumps email
A
Social networking is 1the more popular online activity than email, according to a new
survey.
WF Prep
The survey by 2marketing research firm AMR Online found that 3in average one of every
eleven minutes spent online around the world is devoted to social networking and
blogging sites.
Sp
The survey 4identifyed Facebook as the world’s most popular social network with 845
WO VA
million active users, followed 5with 225 million users by Twitter. In third place 6were
LinkedIn with 135 million users.
Facebook seemed to be the most addictive of the social networking sites with the
average user spending three hours and ten minutes online every month, the survey found.
However, Orkut had by far the highest penetration in any single country with 70 per cent
of online Brazilians using the Google-owned service.
WW
The survey found that growth in social networking was three times as 7quick as the pace
VF
of general online growth with much of that acceleration 8come from the middle-aged.
N X
The most popular age 9groups with Facebook in terms of 10the growth is the 35-49
T
category, which 11increase by 24.1 million people last year.
The category of men and women aged 65 and above moving to social networking grew
by 7.0 per cent while the 17-and-under category dropped by 9.0 per cent.

AE4 1.3 Social networking and virtual worlds
GRAMMAR
A Match the sentence halves.
Sentence half A Sentence half B
a when kids share their personal

1 The reality is that most
information online.
b their interests and play with their

2 By age 13, millions of kids have
identities anonymously.
c easily post your location, physical

3 The problem comes
safety becomes a concern.
d kids start developing online

4 Even more troubling are the privacy
relationships around the age of 8.
5 And now with the ability to e put online can be made public.
f and safety issues that come with

6 Remind them that all information
social networking.
g already created accounts on social

7 The internet allows kids to explore
networking sites like Facebook.
B Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the word in (brackets). The first
one has been done for you.
1 The reality (real) is that most kids are online from a young age.
2 A post of a (provoke) photograph can be dangerous.
3 The wrong kind of information can be very (damage) for a kid’s

reputation.
4 Increased social networking has an effect on kids’ (develop).
5 Young people need (guide) around how to use social media.
6 With smart phones we now have the (able) to easily post our
location.

AE4 1.3 Social networking and virtual worlds
C Complete the sentences with prepositions from the box. They can be used more than once.
about at around from on to with
1 In today’s 24/7-digital world, kids are logging a from everywhere, and many
parents don’t know b the social media that they’re using.
2 Most kids start developing online relationships the age of eight.
3 By age ten, they’ve progressed a multiplayer games and sharing their digital
creations and homemade videos b sites like YouTube.
4 It’s a fun way for kids to interact a friends. It can also be a great way to learn
new things, collaborate b others, express their creativity, and safely
experiment c identity.
5 Marketers collect data based a your kids’ online activity and then target ads
b
them.
6 No one knows what effect increased social networking has kids’

development.
7 The internet allows kids to explore their interests and play their identities
anonymously.

AE4 1.4 Privacy and social networks
GRAMMAR
A Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice. Decide
if the agent (doer) is necessary (N) or unnecessary (UN).
1 Advertisers only see anonymous and aggregate

information.
2 The company stores and analyses the information.
3 Facebook also gathers details about users’ friends, family and educational background.
4 Our new mobility transforms our public space.
5 On the internet, users must make a choice between convenience and privacy.
6 All websites should respect users’ privacy.
B Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice. You may need to add a subject.
1 These technologies have been used for more than a decade by technology companies and
advertisers.
2 Email is being overtaken by texting.
3 More than a million tweets are made every day.
4 Today, information can be shared more easily than at any time in the past.
5 The nature of society has been changed by computers and the internet.

AE4 1.5 Convenience or privacy?
GRAMMAR
Underline the noun phrases and mark the main noun in each noun phrase in the following
sentences.
1 A debate is continuing over a different side of online privacy.
2 New guidelines for online privacy are being discussed by governments and the World Wide
Web Consortium.
3 The large amount of personal information that Facebook accumulates about its users can
have a significant impact on them.
4 Facebook is the most popular social media website in the world.
5 Facebook’s public explanations of its tracking and use of data have led to many questions
from technologists, privacy advocates, regulators and lawmakers around the world.

AE4 1.8 Tutorial: a blog
READING
A Below is a blog called Finally faced up to Facebook. Put the sentences from Paragraph B
into the correct order. The first and last sentences are given.
Finally faced up to Facebook

posted by iexistatlast on 8/12/11
Paragraph A
I’ve finally done it! Yesterday, I set up a Facebook account!
Order Paragraph B Sentences
a Facebook is bad, they stated; it has more power than the

government.
b Also, a headline screamed that the information posted on Facebook

could be used by employers, marketing companies or even the
police!
5 c Facebook sells your information to anyone, they said.
d I heard again and again that Facebook doesn’t care about users,
only about its profits.
1 e Up to now, every time I looked at a newspaper, or watched

television, someone said that Facebook was dangerous.
B Put the sentences from Paragraph C into the correct order. The first and last sentences are
given.
Order Paragraph c Sentences
a Now, because he has Facebook, he posts all the details of his day
on his page.
b Plus, I can respond to his posts, and remind him to be careful, and
eat properly.
c Last week, my son left on a trip to Asia.
d It almost seems that I am there with him.
7 e How can such a wonderful way of keeping in touch be bad?
f He updates his page every few hours, and he can include pictures
of the places he visits.
1 g Well, I think Facebook is wonderful!

LANGUAGE STUDY
Refer to these sentences from the text.
For years now, every time I looked at a newspaper, or watched television, someone said that
Facebook was dangerous.
Now, because he has Facebook, he posts all the details of his day on his page.
1 Underline the verbs in the sentences.

2 Write the verbs in the table below, and note their tense.
Verbs Tenses
LANGUAGE FOCUS
Present simple and Past simple: Review
We use the Present simple tense to talk about situations which are not likely to
change – for statements of fact and descriptions.
Example: Facebook sells your information to anyone.
We also use the Present simple for general actions which are repeated.
Example: He updates his page every few hours, and he can include pictures of
the places he visits.
We use the Past simple tense for actions that finished at a specific time in the past.
Example: Last week, my son left on a trip to Asia.

PRACTICE
A Put the verbs into the correct tense in the sentences below.
1 Users often (update) their Facebook page every day.
2 Before Facebook, the first social networking site to become popular

(be) Myspace.
3 QQ (be) the most popular social networking site in China.
4 Facebook (have) more members than the population of most

countries.
5 Last year, Tran (visit) his family in Hanoi.
6 Every morning, millions of people (log on) to a social

networking site.
B Look through one of the texts you’ve read this week. Underline all examples of the Present
simple, and mark all examples of the Past simple.

AE4 2.1 Internet vocabulary
VOCABULARY
Complete the table with suitable word forms.
Adjectives Nouns Verbs Adverbs
click 1
2 3 attach
4 enhance
5 mediate
6 7 supplement 8
9 institution 10 11
12 13 promote 14
15 16 appropriately
17 indication 18 19
20 21 evaluate
22 cooperation 23 24
25 26 coordinate
reliable 27 28
29 acquisition 30
conceptual 31 32 33

AE4 2.5 Reading academic texts
GRAMMAR
Refer to the paragraph below about environmental issues in

manufacturing.
1 Underline the subject and object noun phrases.

2 Highlight the relative clauses in the complex noun phrases.
3 [Bracket] the noun the relative clause is defining.
4 Mark the verb phrases in each sentence.
Analyzing Environmental Issues in Manufacturing:

A Study of Top Management Support for
the Environmental Function
Michael M. McKinney, Associate Professor of Business Law
Phillip E. Miller, Associate Professor of Management
Department of Management and Marketing, East Tennessee State University, USA
The manager with primary responsibility for environmental compliance in a manufacturing
concern has a very difficult task. In order to ensure that a facility is current with all of the
environmental laws, this individual must possess a solid working knowledge of regulations
currently affecting operations and be alert to future regulatory changes applicable to
the facility. Due to the complexity and volume of the environmental regulations, many
executives and managers in manufacturing believe that full compliance isn’t possible.
Even when faced with significant liability associated with noncompliance, many companies
do not employ the use of full-time environmental compliance managers. The two
surveys examined in this study were utilized to analyze issues in manufacturing from the
perspective of environmental compliance managers spending different percentages of
their time on environmental issues. Specifically, the paper addresses the issue of support
for the environmental function by top management.

AE4 2.9 Preparing your writing assignment
GRAMMAR
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in (brackets).
1 Before handing in an assignment, it is important for students to check their grammatical
(accurate), particularly subject-verb agreement.
2 The structure of any assignment needs to be a (cohesion) and

b
(logic).
3 If a student is unsure about an instruction in class, it is best to ask the teacher to
(clarification) what is expected.
4 Innovative developments in technology have changed the way many people
(communication) with their friends, family and colleagues.
5 E-learning is a (flexibility) method of studying.
6 A concern for students is the possibility of (distract) at home.
7 People choose online shopping for a number of reasons, especially

(convenient).
8 A lack of face to face (interact) is a concern with regard to

e-learning.
9 Students need to be highly (motivate) and disciplined to be

successful at university.
10 While many people prefer (tradition) ways of studying and

working, e-learning offers an alternative for people who would rather study or work from
home.
11 The internet offers a greater (select) of texts than a university

library.
12 Social networking can lead to (private) issues for users.
13 Faster communication is a major (benefit) of social networking.
14 Shopping on the internet has (significant) increased since the

1990s.
15 Educators recognise the (important) of e-learning, but question

whether it will replace traditional learning.

AE4 3.1 Corporate behaviour
VOCABULARY
A Complete the word forms in the table.
Adjectives Nouns Verbs
corporate 1
behavioural 2 3
productive 4 5
relevant 6
7 responsibility
8 9 sustain
transparent 10
B Complete the sentences using the words from the table above.
1 Many people believe that global a have a b

to protect the communities in which they operate and to protect the environment.
2 The term which is often used by businesses to describe the positive impact they want to have
on the community is ‘ social responsibility’ (CSR).
3 CSR is a way in which companies can monitor their own in order to

avoid negative publicity in the media.
4 Shareholders have also demanded more and openness as the

corporate behaviour of a company affects the value of their shares.
5 In this way, corporate behaviour is to a company’s bottom line.
6 In addition, concern for the environment has led to greater attention on

and careful use of natural resources.
7 An area in which companies need to consider their environmental impact is in the
cycle.

C Complete the collocations using the words from the box. Use each word once only.
behaviour bonus customer rights security
1 human
2 management
3 job
4 satisfaction
5 responsible
equality information resources shareholder sustainability
6 natural
7 gender
8 strategy
9 returns
10 up-to-date

READING
Match the quotations (1-6) with the paraphrases (a-f).
Quotations Paraphrases
1 ‘It takes 20 years to build a reputation and a The good or bad behaviour
five minutes to ruin it.’ of a company contributes
to its ability to succeed
Warren Buffet, Chairman, President and CEO,
ahead of other companies.
Berkshire Hathaway
2 ‘Ethics is the new competitive environment.’ b Social responsibility is not

an option, it is essential in
Peter Robinson, CEO, Mountain Equipment
the modern world.
Co-op
3 ‘Corporate social responsibility is a hard- c Companies are the most

edged business decision. Not because it is influential organisations in
a nice thing to do or because people are society. They should focus
forcing us to do it ... because it is good for more on improving society
our business.’ rather than making money.
Niall Fitzgerald, Former CEO, Unilever
4 ‘Stakeholders want companies to make a d A company’s good image

profit, but not at the expense of their staff can be destroyed more
and the wider community.’ quickly than it can be built.
Brian Gosschalk, CEO, MORI, quoted in the
Financial Times
5 ‘Companies still thinking about the e The improvement in the

environment as a social responsibility rather relationship between
than a business imperative are living in the business and society is
dark ages.’ motivated by the benefit it
brings to the business.
Carter Roberts, President and CEO, World
Wildlife Fund
6 ‘In terms of power and influence you can f Investors want the
forget about the church, forget politics. There companies they invest in
is no more powerful institution in society than to make money, but not
business... The business of business should by negatively affecting
not be about money, it should be about employees or society.
responsibility. It should be about public good,
not private greed.’
Anita Roddick, founder, The Body Shop

AE4 3.3 Unpacking meaning
GRAMMAR
Read the following statements from the Kellogg and Fortescue reports and answer the
questions.
Fortescue aims to inspire an ethic and attitude that ...
1 What words have been omitted between and and attitude?
… that strives for continuous improvement and ongoing learning.
2 What words have been omitted between and and ongoing?
We encourage employees to engage in positive attitudes and behaviour concerning respect

for the environment.
3 What words have been omitted between and and behaviour?
… Kellogg strives for continual improvement through the development of specific programs
which address the environmental costs and impacts of our activities, products and services.
4 What words have been omitted between and and impacts?

AE4 3.4 What’s in the background?
GRAMMAR
In academic writing, the Present perfect is often used to demonstrate recent trends,
changes or research.
The Past simple is used for finished time while the Present perfect is used for unfinished
time.
A Highlight the time markers in the following sentences.
1 Three major international banks (lower) interest rates since

the start of the year and two others are believed to be following shortly.
2 In recent years, American companies (begin) to

manufacture their products abroad.
3 Recent studies (show) that shoppers prefer the use of

credit cards over cash payments.
4 Smokers (realise) that their health was at risk and promptly

cut down or gave up cigarettes entirely.
5 Since the change, consumers (enjoy) cheaper products

coming out of Asian markets.
6 Since 2008, a great deal of research (conduct) on consumer

behaviour, but much of this is unreliable. (Use the passive form.)
7 During the 1990s, globalisation (bring) new opportunities

to companies that were at their peak.
8 One study (find) that media companies are far more

concentrated today than in the past.
9 Many corporations (not succeed) in developing adequate

environmental policies.
10 Unfortunately, very few energy companies (attempt) to

develop clean energy technologies since the Kyoto Protocol.
B Complete the sentences with either the Present perfect or the Past simple tense.

AE4 3.6 Selecting main points
READING
Match the sentence halves.
Sentence half A Sentence half B
1 The dumping of electronic waste is a one of which was the United States.
an issue
2 In 1992, the Basel Convention came b of which 75 per cent comes from
into force, North America.
3 The Basel Convention was signed by c about which many environmentalists

175 countries, are concerned.
4 The export of electronic waste is not d 82 per cent of whom had unsafe
illegal in the United States, levels of lead in their blood.
5 The city of Guiyu is the world’s e from where much of the world’s
largest processor of electronic e-waste originates.
waste,
6 A medical study by Shantou f through which the export of

University examined 165 children, hazardous waste from developed
and developing countries was
banned.

AE4 3.8 Paraphrasing
READING
A Read the sentence and the paraphrases.
The iPad2 became 33 per cent thinner and up to 15 per cent lighter in just one generation,
producing five per cent fewer carbon emissions.
1 The iPad2 became one third thinner and more than 15 per cent lighter in more than one
generation, creating five per cent fewer emissions.
2 Within one generation, the dimensions of the iPad2 decreased significantly and the
production of carbon emissions was reduced by five per cent.
3 The weight of the tablet device decreased by 15 per cent in the same generation and carbon
emissions were reduced.
B Complete the checklist by ticking () the appropriate column.
Checklist Paraphrase 1 Paraphrase 2 Paraphrase 3
Synonyms are used.
Word forms are changed.
The clause structure is different.
The information is the same.
The key words are the same.
C Which paraphrase is the most appropriate for academic purposes? 1/2/3
D Read the sentence and the paraphrases.
To accurately measure a company’s environmental footprint, it is important to look at the

impact that company’s products have on the planet.
1 The importance of examining the impacts of a company’s product on the planet is

undeniable.
2 To precisely measure a company’s environmental impact, it is essential to examine the effects
that company’s goods have on the Earth.
3 The way that the environment is affected by a company’s products is an important factor in
measuring the company’s ecological footprint.

AE4 3.8 Paraphrasing
E Complete the checklist by ticking () the appropriate column.
Synonyms are used.
F Which paraphrase is the most appropriate for academic purposes? 1/2/3
G Read the sentence and the paraphrases.
For the past three years, Apple has used a comprehensive life cycle analysis to determine
where the greenhouse gas it produces comes from.
1 In the recent past, a comprehensive life cycle analysis has been utilised by Apple in order to
locate the source of its greenhouse gas production.
2 Recently, the company has used a comprehensive life cycle analysis in the production of its
greenhouse gases.
3 In the past three years, Apple has used a comprehensive life cycle analysis to decide where
the greenhouse gas it creates originates from.
H Complete the checklist by ticking () the appropriate column.
Synonyms are used.
I Which paraphrase is the most appropriate for academic purposes? 1/2/3

AE4 4.1 Group communication
VOCABULARY
A Complete the missing word forms.
Adjective Noun Verb
1 2 (gerund) 3
communication (nu)
communications (nc)
B Fill in the gaps with words from the table above. Change the verb form if necessary.
1 Effective is essential to get a good mark in group assignments.
2 effectively is essential to get a good mark in group

assignments.
3 An essential element of group assignments is being able to

effectively.
4 When with your group mates, it is important to be polite and

follow through on tasks that you agreed to do.
5 International universities tend to have a approach to teaching

and learning.
6 Good teachers effectively.
7 The group with each other daily by email.
8 I am having trouble with my group mate because he never

answers his phone or replies to my emails.
9 Katherine is studying at a university in Spain.
10 She will with her friends via email while she is studying
overseas.

AE4 4.1 Group communication
GRAMMAR
A Underline the noun phrases and mark the independent clauses. The first one has been done
for you.
1 the amount of information available /many students use the internet to do research
2 the complexity of the assignment / they divided the research into several parts
3 the group postponed their meeting / other commitments
4 the teacher being sick / the class was cancelled for two weeks in a row
5 the class was moved to another room / the roadworks outside
B Join the noun phrases above to the independent clauses above using due to or because of.
Add punctuation if necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
C Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences.
1 Many students were late to class because / because of the storm.
2 Three members of the group did not meet their deadlines because / because of they had
part-time jobs.
3 He found communicating with his group members difficult because / because of the
language barrier.
4 Sunny went to Australia to study because / because of her cousin was studying there.
5 Because / because of she chose an interesting topic, the students enjoyed her presentation.

AE4 4.2 Delivering the presentation
LISTENING
A Read the slides.
Slide 1

Computers and the environment

Jane, Fernando and Ruby
Slide 2

Manufacture Use

Disposal

Evaluation

Slide 3

Manufacturing

Energy

Materials

Slide 4

Manufacturing

Energy

Fossil fuels

Natural resources
Pollution
Climate change
Slide 5

Manufacturing

Energy Materials

Fossil fuels Chemicals
Heavy metals

Natural resources
Health &
Pollution
environmental
Climate change
issues
Slide 6

Use

Energy
consumption
Slide 7

Use

Energy consumption
Fossil fuels
Greenhouse gas emissions

Pollution
Climate change


Slide 8

Disposal

Landfill

Slide 9

Disposal

Landfill

Materials breakdown
Toxic substances enter soil and ground water
For example:
• Lead

• Mercury
• Arsenic

Slide 10
Manufacturers trying to make computers more environmentally
friendly.
Consumers trying to recycle old computers.

Majority of computers still go to landfill.
Slide 11

The manufacture, use and disposal of computers

have negative environmental impacts.
We must turn off, reuse and recycle computers.

Slide 12
References
Adamson, M., Hamilton, R. ,Hutchison, K., Kazmierowski, K. ,Lau, J., Madejski, D. and
MacDonald, N. ‘Environmental impact of computer information technology in an
institutional setting’
http://www.uoguelph.ca/isc/documents/050602environcs_000.pdf, accessed
on 27 January 2012

Gajjar, P. 2010, ‘Computers and the environment: What is a computer’s impact on the
environment?’, Mother Nature Network, http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/
computers/stories/computers-and-the-environment, accessed on 27 January
2012

B Watch the video clip: The effect of computers on the environment twice.
1 Write notes next to the slides.

2 Compare your notes to the transcript on page 37.
READING
Text 1
2.1 Computers and associated environmental problems
The environmental problems associated with computers are two-fold. High energy
consumption and highly toxic component materials are currently inherent characteristics
of computers; thus, their production, use and disposal are ecologically unsound.
Disposal in landfills is only the first step in a dangerous sequence of events involving
the breakdown and leaching of computer material components. Examples include lead,
barium, chromium and other endocrine and central nervous system disruptors (Baul,
2002).
Besides hazardous wastes, the production and use of computers consumes vast amounts
of energy. Thus, fossil fuel reserves are further depleted, and the energy use plays an
increasingly significant role in climate change and global warming (Gungor and Gupta,
1999).
Text 2
Energy use
An average 24-kilogram desktop computer requires at least 10 times its weight in

fossil fuels and chemicals to be manufactured – much more materials-intensive than an
automobile or refrigerator, which require 1-2 times their weight in fossil fuels.
Toxic materials
While obsolete computers are a valuable source for secondary raw materials, they can also
be a source of toxins and carcinogens if not treated appropriately.
The metals contained in PCs commonly include aluminum, antimony*, arsenic*, barium,
beryllium, cadmium*, chromium*, cobalt*, copper, gallium, gold, iron, lead*, manganese,
mercury*, palladium, platinum, selenium*, silver and zinc. Eight of these metals are listed
as hazardous (*) by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in the United States.

A Read the texts above. Then look at the sentences from the model spoken presentation
below. Identify () which text(s) the information comes from.
Sentences from model spoken presentation Text 1 Text 2
1 OK, so firstly, let’s look at the manufacturing of computers.
2 Now, there are two issues here: the energy used in the production
process and the materials that they are composed of.
3 … manufacturing a 24-kilogram desktop computer uses more than

240 kilograms of fossil fuels and chemicals, which is ten times its
own weight!
4 Because the production of computers consumes very large

amounts of fossil fuels, it contributes to a decrease in natural
resources, pollution, and ultimately climate change.
5 Now, a further problem is that the materials used to manufacture

computers are highly toxic.
6 Some of these materials are hazardous or carcinogenic and

can cause serious problems to the health of humans and the
environment.
B Answer the following questions.
1 What information in the two texts has not been used in the manufacturing section of the
presentation?
a Text 1
b Text 2
2 Why do you think this information has not been used?
a Text 1
b Text 2

C Read these two versions of the same sentence below and answer the questions.
Original version
... the production and use of computers consumes vast amounts of energy; thus, fossil fuel
reserves are further depleted and the energy use plays an increasingly significant role in
climate change and global warming.
Presentation version
Because the production of computers consumes very large amounts of fossil fuels, it
contributes to a decrease in natural resources, pollution, and ultimately climate change.
1 In the presentation version, why does the sentence say the production of computers
consumes ... and not the production and use of computers consumes ...?
2 In the presentation version, which words paraphrase fossil fuel reserves are further depleted?

AE4 4.3 Collaborative learning
GRAMMAR
Rewrite the following sentences with noun phrases which include gerunds (-ing form).
1 It is important for students to work well in groups.
2 Students often have to summarise the main ideas of a text.
3 If the environment is not considered, there could be negative consequences.
4 It can be dangerous to post too much personal information online.
5 If people do not exercise, they may develop health problems.

AE4 4.4 communication approaches
VOCABULARY
A Match the words from the box with the definitions in the table and write the word form.
The first one has been done for you.
colleagues communication enable participate relevant
communicate context objectives perspective significant
Words Word forms Definitions
● people who work with you (used

1 colleagues nc especially in a professional
environment)
2 to exchange information or
conversation with other people by
speaking, writing, moving your body or
using other signals
3 the exchange of thoughts, opinions or

information by speech, writing or sign
4 the situation within which something

happens or exists
5 to make it possible for someone to

do something, or to make something
possible
6 things which you plan to do or achieve
7 to take part in or become involved in an

activity with other people
8 a way of thinking about and

understanding something
9 connected to or relating to a subject in

an appropriate way
10 important or noticeable

AE4 4.4 communication approaches
B Listen to the words in the table above and mark (●) the stress. The first word has been done
for you.
C Put the words from the table into this paraphrase of the transcript from the radio interview.
As businesses increasingly expand beyond national borders, western multinationals
want to 1 staff in Japan and other Asian countries to
2
more effectively with 3
from other cultures. One of the main 4 is to improve
5
with their western colleagues. Japanese workers
often feel uncomfortable when they 6 in discussions with
their global colleagues. From their 7 , westerners tend to
discuss things that aren’t 8 , and they feel they can’t make a
9
contribution. However, in the western
10
, even a comment that’s not quite to the point is
contributing to the discussion.

AE4 4.5 English as a global language
GRAMMAR
A Which of the rules for not only ... but also below are true (T)?
1 Not
only signals that additional and more important information will follow. This
information is introduced with but. The subject of both parts of the information is usually
the same.
2 Not
only can be placed at the beginning of a clause for added emphasis. When it is, the
subject and auxiliary verb (be) are inverted, and the second clause is written in full. In
this situation, but is optional and also is placed next to the verb.
3 Not only must come first when you are linking two clauses which have different subjects.
In this situation, also is omitted.
4 Not
only… but also is an informal structure. It is used more often in spoken English and
is not very common in written English. If used in written English, also is emphasised to
make the point that more important additional information is given.
B If any of the above sentences are false, rewrite them so that they are true.
C Place the words from the box in the correct sentences below.
English addition global
1 Not only… but also shows a relationship of .
2 It’s the language not only for business, but also for
technology, tourism and education.
3 In academic , we try to emphasise not only an

understanding of the argument, but also the points we most agree with.

AE4 4.5 English as a global language
D Rewrite the sentences below using not only… but also.
1 He completed a bachelor’s degree and a master’s degree at UTS.
2 The TV detective Columbo was famous for his Macintosh coat and his catchphrases.
3 Darwin’s theory of evolution changed his life and biological theory worldwide.
4 In the future, native English speakers will need to speak English and another language to be
attractive to employers.
5 Dudley Moore was an actor, a comedian and a brilliant pianist.

AE4A
AE4 appendices
APPENDICES

AE4 appendices
Listening Transcripts
4.2 Delivering the presentation most damaging? Well, because many obsolete
computers are thrown into landfill and when
Video: The effect of computers on the computers are disposed of in this way, a dangerous
environment process begins. The computer breaks down to its
component materials, which then pass into soil
J = Jane F = Fernando R = Ruby
and ground water. You might be wondering what
C = Classmate
the danger is – well, the component materials I
J: Good afternoon. So, as you know, computers mentioned are most often things like lead, mercury
have become very common in homes around the and arsenic, which are all highly toxic. As Jane
world. In fact, at the end of 2002, computer sales said earlier, both people and the environment can
passed more than one billion machines. So you suffer from exposure to these materials. Actually,
can imagine how many computers have now been Gajjar lists twenty different materials contained
sold. But computer technology’s changing all the in computer parts of which eight are considered
time and old computers are now being discarded. hazardous, and many of the metals remain in the
So, what happens to these computers? And what soil for a very long time.
materials are being used to make new ones?
Ruby will now continue the presentation.
In our presentation today, we’re going to talk
R: Thank you Fernando.
about the effect of computers on the environment.
Specifically, we’re going to talk about the life OK. What I’d like to do is evaluate the present
cycle of computers. The members of our group situation with computers. Now, it’s true that
today are me, Jane, Fernando and Ruby. Our today, computer manufacturers are trying to make
presentation is divided into four parts. Firstly, their products more environmentally sound and
I’ll cover manufacture, Fernando will talk about they are looking for components that are less
computer use and disposal, and Ruby will evaluate harmful to the environment. In fact, computers are
the information and conclude the presentation. considerably less harmful than they were ten years
ago. Unfortunately, many dangerous materials are
OK, so firstly, let’s look at the manufacturing of
still being used. And even though some consumers
computers. Now, there are two issues here: the
are making an effort to recycle their old computers
energy used in the production process and the
and reduce the number going to landfill, the
materials that they are composed of. According
majority of old computers are still disposed (sic) in
to Gajjar, manufacturing a 24-kilogram desktop
this way. In our view, the major problem that needs
computer uses more than 240 kilograms of fossil
to be solved is how to recycle old computers, and
fuels and chemicals, which is ten times its own
keep the dangerous materials out of the soil and
weight! Because the production of computers
water.
consumes very large amounts of fossil fuels, it
contributes to a decrease in natural resources, So, to wrap up, today we’ve looked at how
pollution, and ultimately climate change. Now, the materials and energy used in the life cycle
a further problem is that the materials used to of computers often have impact (sic) on the
manufacture computers are highly toxic. Some environment because the manufacturing process
of these materials are hazardous or carcinogenic uses many dangerous toxic materials, and large
and can cause serious problems to the health of amounts of energy. Also, we talked about the
humans and the environment. energy that’s wasted when computers are left
on 24 hours a day. But the major problem we
Now I’ll hand over to Fernando.
identified is the disposal of old computers because
F: Thanks Jane. Right, so that’s manufacturing. as long as the majority of computers are sent to
Now I’ll move on to how using computers affects landfill, their negative effect on the environment
the environment. The main issue here is energy continues. But individuals can make a difference,
consumption. Research shows that a standard by turning off their computers when they’re not
office computer will consume nearly 600 kW of using them, by not replacing their computer as
energy during the working day, but this would be soon as a new model comes out, and by recycling
substantially higher if the computer was left on their old computers. OK, thank you. Are there any
overnight, or on weekends, which many of us do questions?
regularly. OK, so where does this energy come
C: Um, hello. I was just wondering. Has energy
from? Typically, it comes from fossil fuels. Apple
consumption ...?
claims that within the three-stage life cycle, it’s this
second stage – the product’s use, that accounts R: Now I’ll give you some time to discuss some
for 45 per cent of their total greenhouse gas questions about computers and the environment.
emissions, which are, of course, connected with
pollution and climate change. So it’s clear that the
4.4 Communication approaches
energy consumption of computers has a negative
impact on the environment. Vocabulary: word stress
Well, now we need to examine the last stage in 1 colleagues 5 enable 9 relevant
the life cycle of computers, which is their disposal. 2 communicate 6 objective 10 significant
This stage of a computer’s life cycle is the most 3 communication 7 participate
damaging for the environment. Why is it the 4 context 8 perspective

AE4 appendices
Answer Key
1.2 success factors Note: This sentence also includes a relative
clause (that Facebook accumulates about its
Grammar users), which must be considered as part of the
1 a 5 by Twitter with 225 million users noun phrase.
2 market 6 was 9 group 4 Facebook is the most popular social media
3 on 7 fast 10 of growth website in the world.
4 identified 8 coming 11 increased 5
Facebook's public explanations of its tracking
and use of data have led to many questions
1.3 S
ocial networking and virtual from technologists, privacy advocates,
worlds regulators and lawmakers around the world.
Grammar 1.8 Tutorial: a blog

A 1 d 3 a 5 c 7 b Reading
2 g 4 f 6 e
A 1 e 2 a 3 b 4 d 5 c
B 1 reality 3 damaging 5 guidance
2 provocative 4 development 6 ability B 1 g 3 a 5 b 7 e
2 c 4 f 6 d
C 1 aon, babout 3 a
to, bon 6 on
2 from/ 4 a
with, bwith, cwith 7 with Language Study
about/at 5 a
on, bto/at
1 For years now, every time I looked at a
newspaper, or watched television, someone said
1.4 Privacy and social networks that Facebook was dangerous.
Grammar Now, because he has Facebook, he posts all the
details of his day on his page.
A 1 N Only anonymous and aggregate
2
information is seen by advertisers.
2 N The information is stored and analysed by Verbs Tenses
the company. looked Past simple
3 N Details about users’ friends, family and
watched Past simple
educational background are also gathered
by Facebook. said Past simple
4 N Our public space is transformed by our new was Past simple
mobility.
has Present simple
5 UN On the internet, a choice between
posts Present simple
convenience and privacy must be made.
6 N Users' privacy should be respected by all Practice
websites.
A 1 update 3 is 5 visited
B 1 Technology companies and advertisers have 2 was 4 has 6 log on
used these technologies for more than a
decade. B Answers will vary.
2 Texting is overtaking email.

2.1 internet vocabulary
3 People make more than a million tweets every
day. (Subject is needed) Vocabulary
4 Today, people can share information more easily 1 click 17 indicative
than at any time in the past. (Subject is needed.) 2 attachable/attached 18 indicate
5 Computers and the internet have changed the 3 attachment 19 indicatively
nature of society. 4 enhancer/ 20 evaluative
enhancement 21 evaluator/evaluation
5 mediator/mediation 22 cooperative
1.5 Convenience or privacy?
6 supplementary 23 cooperate
Grammar 7 supplement 24 cooperatively
8 supplementarily 25 coordinated
1 A debate is continuing over a different side of 9 institutionalised/ 26 coordinator/coordination
online privacy. institutional 27 reliability
2
New guidelines for online privacy are being 10 institute 28 rely
discussed by governments and the World Wide 11 institutionally 29 acquirable/acquisitive/
Web Consortium. 12 promoter/promotional acquired
13 promotion 30 acquire
3
The large amount of personal information that
14 promotionally 31 concept
Facebook accumulates about its users can have
15 appropriate 32 conceive/conceptualise
a significant impact on them. 16 appropriateness 33 conceptually

AE4 appendices
2.5 Reading academic texts Reading

Grammar 1 d 2 a 3 e 4 f 5 b 6 c
Analyzing Environmental Issues in Manufacturing: 3.3 Unpacking meaning

A Study of Top Management Support for the
Environmental Function Grammar
Michael M. McKinney, Associate Professor of Business Law
1 (Fortescue) aims to inspire an
Phillip E. Miller, Associate Professor of Management
Department of Management and Marketing, East Tennessee State 2 that strives for
University, USA 3 we encourage employees to engage in positive
The manager with primary responsibility for 4 which address the environmental
environmental compliance in a manufacturing
concern has a very difficult task. In order to ensure
that a facility is current with all of the environmental 3.4 What’s in the background?
laws, this individual must possess a solid working Grammar
knowledge of [regulations] currently affecting
operations and be alert to future regulatory A 1 since the start of the year 6 Since 2008
[changes] applicable to the facility. Due to the 2 In recent years 7 During the 1990s
complexity and volume of the environmental 3 Recent 8 in the past
regulations, many executives and managers 4 - 9 -
in manufacturing believe that full compliance 5 Since the change 10 since the Kyoto Protocol
isn’t possible. Even when faced with significant B 1 have lowered 6 has been conducted
[liability] associated with noncompliance, many 2 have begun 7 brought
companies do not employ the use of full-time 3 have shown 8 found
environmental compliance managers. The two 4 realised 9 have not succeeded
[surveys] examined in this study were utilized to 5 have enjoyed 10 have attempted
analyze issues in manufacturing from the perspective
of environmental compliance [managers] spending
different percentages of their time on environmental
3.6 Selecting main points
issues. Specifically, the paper addresses the issue Reading
of support for the environmental function by top
management. 1 c The dumping of electronic waste is an issue
about which many environmentalists are
concerned.
2.9 P
reparing your writing
2 f In 1992, the Basel Convention came into
assignment force, through which the export of hazardous
Grammar waste from developed and developing
countries was banned.
1 accuracy 9 motivated
3 a The Basel Convention was signed by 175
2 a
cohesive, blogical 10 traditional
countries, one of which was the United
3 clarify 11 selection
4 communicate 12 privacy States.
5 flexible 13 benefit 4 e The export of electronic waste is not illegal
6 distraction(s) 14 significantly in the United States, from where much of the
7 convenience 15 importance world’s e-waste originates.
8 interaction 5 b The city of Guiyu is the world’s largest
processor of electronic waste, of which 75
3.1 Corporate behaviour per cent comes from North America.
Vocabulary 6 d A medical study by Shantou University

examined 165 children, 82 per cent of whom
A 1 corporation 5 produce had unsafe levels of lead in their blood.
2 behaviour 6 relevance
3 behave 7 responsible
3.8 Paraphrasing
4 product/ 8 sustainable/sustained
production/ 9 sustainability Reading
productivity 10 transparency
B
B 1 corporations,
a
4 transparency
b
responsibility 5 relevant Checklist 1 2 3
2 corporate 6 sustainability Synonyms are used.   
3 behaviour 7 production
Word forms are changed. 
C 1 rights 6 resources
2 bonus 7 equality The clause structure is different.  
3 security 8 sustainability The information is the same. 
4 customer 9 shareholder
5 behaviour 10 information The key words are the same.  

AE4 appendices
C The answer is Paraphrase 2. The language in B 1 Because of/due to the amount of information
Paraphrase 1 is only changed using synonyms. available, many students use the internet to do
Some information is incorrect. While Paraphrase research.
3 has a different clause structure to the original, 2
Because of/due to the complexity of the
there is some information missing and a key word assignment, they divided the research into
which carries meaning (iPad 2) has been changed. several parts.
E 3 The group postponed their meeting because
of/due to other commitments.
Checklist 1 2 3
4
Because of/due to the teacher being sick, the
Synonyms are used.  
class was cancelled for two weeks in a row.
Word forms are changed.   5 The class was moved to another room because
The clause structure is different.   of/due to the road works outside.
The information is the same.   C 1 because of 3 because of 5 Because

2 because 4 because
The key words are the same. 
F The answer is Paraphrase 3. While the word 4.2 Delivering the presentation
forms and clause structure has been changed
in Paraphrase 1, no synonyms are used and the Reading
paraphrasing changes the meaning of the original A 1 Texts 1 & 2 3 Text 2 5 Texts 1 & 2
sentence. Paraphrase 2 is inadequate as the only 2 Texts 1 & 2 4 Text 1 6 Texts 1 & 2
change is the substitution of synonyms.
B 1
a
Disposal in landfills is only the first step in a
H dangerous sequence of events involving the
breakdown and leaching of computer material
Checklist 1 2 3
components.
Synonyms are used.   
b
The metals contained in PCs commonly
Word forms are changed.  include aluminum, antimony, arsenic, barium,
beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper,
The clause structure is different.  
gallium, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury,
The information is the same.   palladium, platinum, selenium, silver and zinc.
The key words are the same. 2

a
The information is not used because
  
this section of the presentation is about
I The answer is Paraphrase 1. Paraphrase 2 is quite manufacturing, not disposal.
close to the original as only minor changes have
b
The list of metals is not necessary (too many
been made to the vocabulary and the original examples).
meaning has been lost in terms of Apple trying to
determine where the greenhouse gas it produces C 1 The words, and use, have been left out because
comes from. Paraphrase 3 is much too close to the this section is about production and not use.
original to be an acceptable paraphrase. 2 It has been changed to the production of
computers consumes very large amounts of
4.1 Group communication fossil fuels, it contributes to a decrease in natural
resources.
Vocabulary
Listening
A 1 communicative 3 communicate
2 communicating Answers will vary.
B 1 communication 7 communicate/
2 Communicating communicates 4.3 Collaborative learning
3 communicate 8 communicating Grammar
4 communicating 9 communications
5 communicative 10 communicate 1 Working well in groups is important for
6 communicate students.
Note that the countable form of communication is 2 Summarising the main ideas of a text is a
only used to refer to the field of communications. common task for students.
Example: My major at university is communications. 3 Not considering the environment could have
negative consequences.
Grammar
4 Posting too much personal information online
A 2 the complexity of the assignment / they divided can be dangerous.
the research into several parts 5 Not exercising may lead to health problems.
3 the group postponed their meeting / other
commitments
4
the teacher being sick / the class was cancelled
for two weeks in a row
5 the class was moved to another room / the
roadworks outside

AE4 appendices
4.4 Communication approaches

Vocabulary
A 1 colleagues (nc) 6 objective (nc)
2 communicate (vi/vt) 7 participate (vi/vt)
3 communication (nu) 8 perspective (nc)
4 context (nc) 9 relevant (adj)
5 enable (vt) 10 significant (adj)
B ● ●
1 colleagues 6 objective
● ●
2 communicate 7 participate
● ●
3 communication 8 perspective
● ●
4 context 9 relevant
● ●
5 enable 10 significant
C 1 enable 6 participate
2 communicate 7 perspective
3 colleagues 8 relevant/significant
4 objectives 9 significant/relevant
5 communication 10 context
4.5 English as a global language

Grammar
A 1 T 2 T 3 T
Not only… but also is a formal structure. It is used
B
more often in written English and is not very
common in spoken English. If used in spoken
English, also is emphasised to make the point that
more important additional information is given.
C 1 addition 2 global 3 English
D 1 He completed not only a bachelor’s degree,
but also a master’s (degree) at UTS.
2 The TV detective Columbo was famous for
not only his Macintosh coat, but also his
catchphrases.
3 Darwin’s theory of evolution changed not only
his life, but also biological theory worldwide.
4 In the future, native English speakers will need
to speak not only English, but also another
language to be attractive to employers.
5 Dudley Moore was not only an actor and a
comedian, but also a brilliant pianist. Or
Dudley Moore was not only an actor and a
comedian, he was a brilliant pianist. (Rule 2)

AE4 appendices
References
Photo acknowledgements Page 25, gokce, No title - Manufacturing, canutillo-isd.org, viewed
17/12/2012, <http://www.iecee.org/images/whatsnew/computer_prod_line_
The majority of photos in this publication were sourced lrg.jpg>
from Shutterstock and iStock image libraries. The Page 26, Creator unknown, No title - Kids using computer, Blogspot, viewed
copyright holders of other images in this publication have 17/12/2012, <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_DkE8a021sj4/S95MHv_mAvI/
AAAAAAAAABc/jE74lV9MI6o/s1600/kids-computer.jpg>
been listed below.
Page 27, Creator unknown, No title - Green kids, garbage bags, viewed
Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders 17/12/2012, <http://www.garbagebags.net/modules/piscesslider/slides/
and we apologise in advance for any unintentional slide_00.jpg>
omissions. We would be pleased to insert the appropriate
Page 30, Creator unknown, Group of students, National Commission
acknowledgement in any subsequent edition of this for Higher Education, viewed 11/12/2012, <https://www.nche.gov.mt/
publication. mediacenter/images/1_group_students.jpg>
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AAAAAAAAARY/BB__RBLkV3g/s1600/business+people+chatting.jpg>
Copyright Regulations 1969
Page 33, Nicole Marks, Radio interview, UTS: INSEARCH, viewed 11/12/2012,
Warning UTS: INSEARCH
This material has been reproduced and communicated Page 34, nopporn, Businessman holding globe, Shutterstock, viewed
to you by or on behalf of Insearch Ltd pursuant to Part 11/12/2012, Shutterstock_95757436
200AB of the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act).
Page 35, Creator unknown, No title - Columbo, Wordpress, viewed
The material in this communication may be subject 11/12/2012, <http://bloodymurder.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/peter_falk.
jpg>
to copyright under the Act. Any further copying or
communication of this material by you may be the Page 35, Creator unknown, No title - Dudley Moore, Art247, viewed
subject of copyright or performers’ protection under 11/12/2012, <http://www.art247.com/images/large/MIRRORPIX/WA/
the Act. WA424784.jpg>
Do not remove this notice Other acknowledgements

Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders
Page 4, SoleilC, Social network symbols, Shutterstock, viewed 11/12/2012, and we apologise in advance for any unintentional
Shutterstock_93259288 omissions. We would be pleased to insert the appropriate
Page 5, Creator unknown, No title - WWW, djsets.co.uk, viewed 30/11/2012, acknowledgement in any subsequent edition of this
<http://www.djsets.co.uk/pixebay/links.jpg> publication.
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AE4

the internet society

Workbooks have two broad aims:

Workbook material may include any of the following:

• grammar consolidation tasks

UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015 1

Unit 1 Social networks 4

Unit 2 Using the internet for study 12

Unit 3 Global companies 15

Unit 4 International communication 23

2 UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015

UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015 3

Social networking trumps email

4 UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015

A Match the sentence halves.

Sentence half A Sentence half B

a when kids share their personal

b their interests and play with their

c easily post your location, physical

d kids start developing online

f and safety issues that come with

g already created accounts on social

2 A post of a (provoke) photograph can be dangerous.

3 The wrong kind of information can be very (damage) for a kid’s

4 Increased social networking has an effect on kids’ (develop).

5 Young people need (guide) around how to use social media.

UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015 5

about at around from on to with

parents don’t know b the social media that they’re using.

2 Most kids start developing online relationships the age of eight.

creations and homemade videos b sites like YouTube.

new things, collaborate b others, express their creativity, and safely

6 No one knows what effect increased social networking has kids’

6 UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015

1 Advertisers only see anonymous and aggregate

2 The company stores and analyses the information.

4 Our new mobility transforms our public space.

6 All websites should respect users’ privacy.

2 Email is being overtaken by texting.

3 More than a million tweets are made every day.

UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015 7

1 A debate is continuing over a different side of online privacy.

4 Facebook is the most popular social media website in the world.

8 UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015

Finally faced up to Facebook

I’ve finally done it! Yesterday, I set up a Facebook account!

Order Paragraph B Sentences

a Facebook is bad, they stated; it has more power than the

b Also, a headline screamed that the information posted on Facebook

5 c Facebook sells your information to anyone, they said.

1 e Up to now, every time I looked at a newspaper, or watched

Order Paragraph c Sentences

c Last week, my son left on a trip to Asia.

d It almost seems that I am there with him.

7 e How can such a wonderful way of keeping in touch be bad?

1 g Well, I think Facebook is wonderful!

UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015 9

Refer to these sentences from the text.

1 Underline the verbs in the sentences.

Present simple and Past simple: Review

10 UTS:INSEARCH Copyright Protected 2015

1 Users often (update) their Facebook page every day.

2 Before Facebook, the first social networking site to become popular

3 QQ (be) the most popular social networking site in China.

a when kids share their personal

b their interests and play with their

c easily post your location, physical

d kids start developing online

f and safety issues that come with

g already created accounts on social

1 Advertisers only see anonymous and aggregate

a Facebook is bad, they stated; it has more power than the

b Also, a headline screamed that the information posted on Facebook

5 c Facebook sells your information to anyone, they said.

1 e Up to now, every time I looked at a newspaper, or watched

c Last week, my son left on a trip to Asia.

d It almost seems that I am there with him.

7 e How can such a wonderful way of keeping in touch be bad?

1 g Well, I think Facebook is wonderful!

2 ‘Ethics is the new competitive environment.’ b Social responsibility is not

3 ‘Corporate social responsibility is a hard- c Companies are the most

4 ‘Stakeholders want companies to make a d A company’s good image

5 ‘Companies still thinking about the e The improvement in the