Introducción a la Lectura Comprensiva de Inglés Académico para Medicina Veterinaria

FICHA #5: LOS VERBOS TO BE Y TO HAVE (1) - FORMACIÓN

Los verbos to be y to have son de particular importancia en inglés ya que cumplen las funciones de verbo principal y
verbo auxiliar, con diferentes significados según el co texto, como veremos más adelante. Por otro lado, son verbos
usuales en el tipo de texto descriptivo, pues cuando describimos, básicamente hablamos de cómo es, qué tiene o qué
hay en el elemento descrito. Veámoslos en sus formas simples:

TO BE (SER - ESTAR) TO HAVE (TENER)

SIMPLE PRESENT (PRESENTE SIMPLE DEL INDICATIVO)
I am I am not am I …? I have I do not have do I have …?
(yo soy/estoy) (yo no soy/estoy) (yo tengo) (yo no tengo)
you have you do not have do you have…?
you are you are not are you …? we have we do not have do we have…?
we are we are not are we …? they have they do not have do they have…?
they are they are not are they …?
he has he does not have does he have…?
he is he is not is he …? she has she does not have does she have…?
she is she is not is she …? it has it does not have does it have…?
it is it is not is it …?
SIMPLE PAST (PRETÉRITOS PERFECTO E INDEFINIDO DEL INDICATIVO)
I was I was not was I…? I had I did not have did I have…?
(yo era/fui (yo tuve/tenía) (yo no tenía/tuve)
yo estaba/estuve) you had you did not have did you have…?
he was he was not was he…? he had he did not have did he have…?
she was she was not was she…? she had she did not have did she have…?
it was it was not was it…? it had it did not have did it have…?
we had we did not have did we have…?
you were you were not were you…? they had they did not have did they have…?
we were we were not were we…?
they were they were not were they…?

SIMPLE FUTURE (FUTURO INDEFINIDO DEL INDICATIVO)

I will be I will not be will I be…? I will have I will not have will I have…?
(yo sería/estaría) (yo no sería/estaría) tendría…? (yo tendría) (yo no tendría)
you will be you will not be will you be…? you will have you will not have will you have…?
he will be he will not be will he be…? he will have he will not have will he have…?
she will be she will not be will she be…? she will have she will not have will she have…?
it will be it will not be will it be…? it will have it will not have will it have…?
we will be we will not be will we be…? we will have we will not have will we have…?
they will be they will not be will they be…? they will have they will not have will the have..?
SIMPLE CONDITIONAL (CONDICIONAL SIMPLE DEL INDICATIVO)
I would be I would not be would I be…? I would have I would not have would I have…?
(you sería / estaría) (yo no sería /estaría) (yo tendría) (yo no tendría)
you would be you would not be would you be…? you would have you would not have would you have…?
he would be he would not be would he be…? he would have he would not have would he have…?
she would be she would not be would she be…? she would have she would not have would she have…?
it would be it would not be would it be…? it would have it would not have would it have…?
we would be we would not be would we be…? we would have we would not have would we have…?
they would be they would not be would they be…? they would have they would not have would the have..?

Ejemplos:
An infectious disease is a disease caused by invasion of an animal’s body by a specific micro-organism or germ.
Soluble carbohydrates such as starch are usually the greatest source of energy.
The cause of the death was Anthrax.
The uterus of a non-pregnant heifer will be in the pelvic canal just a few inches from the outside.
This cow has inflammation of the eyes; there may be an onset of infectious Keratitis in this herd.
The cow aborted; it had Leptospirosis.
If the pregnant and nonpregnant cows are separated, you will know how many calves you will have the following
spring.
 Los Verbos TO BE y TO HAVE

TO BE con THERE

There is hay (+ singular): There is a considerable variation in the time of first heat within the various breeds.

There are hay (+ plural): There are two ovaries in the cow: one on the right, and one on the left side.

There was (+ singular)

había, hubo
There were (+ plural)

There will be (+ singular o plural) habrá There would be (+ singular o plural) habría

TO BE : DIFERENTES SIGNIFICADOS DETERMINADOS POR EL CO TEXTO

The truck was $120,000. to be + precio: costar, salir

The articles are $5 each.

Professor Jones is always late. to be + late: llegar tarde

Those students are usually early to the course. to be + early: llegar temprano

It is cold and rainy there. it + to be + vocabulario del tiempo: hace, está

The cow to be inseminated is put in a chute or be + to + verbo infinitivo: tener que, deber, ir a
stanchion so that the operator will not be kicked.

The academic counselor is 60 years old. to be + edad: tener

That tree over there is 300 years old.

If the cow is not pregnant, both horns of the to be + medida: tener o medir
uterus are about 1 to 2 inches in diameter.

If a horse is about 500 kg., the dry matter to be + peso=weigh: pesar

intake would be about 7 kg.

That student is likely to be entering an exam to be likely to: (probabilidad) es probable que,
for the first time. probablemente

He is not used to being treated like an inferior. to be used to: estar acostumbrado a, tener el
hábito de, tener la costumbre de

The director of the project is supposed to have to be supposed to: (obligación moral, deber)
informed about these serious problems. se supone que

TO HAVE con TO para expresar obligación

I have to study these samples. = I’ve got to study these samples. to have to + verbo
The health care providers had to raise awareness on the dangers tener que, deber
of lead pollution.