Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fundamentals
Imagination at work
Discussion Points
Basic Terminology
Rod (Pin) Load
Rod (Pin) Reversal
Area Classifications
NEMA Enclosures
Wire Separation
Intro to PV Card
TERMINOLOGY
(Jargon)
Gas Compressor Industry Language
Units of Measure:
Temperature =
A measure of molecular energy…the higher the
temperature the more molecular energy.
Temperature:
Degrees Centigrade or Celsius (º C) =
A scale used worldwide which relates to the metric
system. At sea level, the freezing point of pure water is 0º
& the boiling point is 100º. The distance between
these two points is 100º.
Terminology
Inline
V Configuration Horizontal Opposed
Configuration Configuration
Separable Engine
In-Line 4
V - Six
Horizontal 4
Terminology
Separable Compressor
Frame
Terminology
Compressor
Engine
Separables Coupled
Terminology
Left Bank Right Bank
Sheave
1L 1R 1
3 LH
2L 2R
2
3L 3R 2
1 RH
4L 4R
Flywheel
5L 5R 3
INTEGRAL ENGINE-
COMPRESSORS
Flywheel
Rod Load Definitions
External Rod Load
• The external rod load of a reciprocating compressor is a calculation considering the unit in a static
state. The calculation for deriving the ERL is:
6” 2.5”
6” 2.5”
Oil
Data needed for Compressor Sizing:
• Operating Conditions
• Gas properties (Gas Analysis)
• Approximate HP per application:
– Suction Pressure (PS)
– Discharge Pressure (Pd)
– Quantity of gas in MMCFD
• Conditions Assumed:
– Suction Temp (TS) = 80°F
– Ambient Temp (Ta) = 100°F
– Discharge Temp (Td) required approach = 20°F
– Altitude = < 1500’
– Atmospheric Pressure = 14psi
– Specific Gravity = 0.64
– “N” value = 1.26
– Sweet Gas
Any
Questions?
Area Classification
Class I: Flammable gases and vapors – Within this class are four groups in
order of explosive potential – This is where most gas compression will be
found.
• Group A: Acetylene
• Group B: Hydrogen and other gases
• Group C: Ethylene and other gases
• Group D: Acetone, Butane, Ethane, Methane, and other gases
Division 2: Areas where hazards arise only as the result of leaks, ventilation, or
other unexpected breakdowns. As a rule of thumb the probability of the presence
of explosive materials must be less than 1% for an area to be assigned to Division
2.
• Non-incendive Circuit: A circuit in which any spark or thermal effect, that may
occur in normal use, is incapable of causing an ignition of the test gas mixture.
NEMA Enclosure Standards
NEMA = National Electrical Manufactures Association
Imagination at work
What is the P-V Card?
DISCHARGE
VOLUME
PRESSURE
RE-EXPANSION COMPRESSION
SUCTION SUCTION
VALVE OPENS VALVE CLOSES
SUCTION INTAKE
VOLUME
STROKE OR VOLUME
MINIMUM CYLINDER MAXIMUM CYLINDER
VOLUME VOLUME
HEAD CRANK
END END
OUTBOARD INBOARD
DEAD CENTER DEAD CENTER
Typical Single Acting P-V Card
LOSS DUE TO
DISCHARGE VALVE
USEFUL
WORK
LOSS DUE TO
SUCTION VALVE
Typical Double Acting PV Card
Valve Losses
300
Pressure
100
Valve Losses
Volume
Analyzer Analysis – Real Cards
JC1C cylinder 8 6/30/2000 11:43:05 AM HE Period 10, CE Period 10
550
500
450
400
P re s s u re (p s ig )
Poor Pv Trace
350
300
250
200
0 25 50 75 100
Percent swept volume
JC1C cylinder 2 6/30/2000 11:43:05 AM HE Period 4, CE Period 6
250
225
200
P re s s u re (p s ig )
175
125
100
0 25 50 75 100
Percent swept volume
Any
Questions?