5G

Name: Ahmed Abdullah Dhuhai Al-Qutaiti

Student Reference Number (UoB): 1811369 Email: ahmed.al-qutaiti@study.beds.ac.uk

Abstract – 5G is the latest generation of radio networks tackles obstacles (Rappaport et al., 2019). Recent
and network technology to be introduced from 2020. cases reported by (Yuk, Branner and Cui, 2017)
Manufacturers of global network hardware and suppliers support the hypothesis that utilizing multiple-input
of telecommunications are designing 5G technologies.
multiple-output (MIMO) or beamforming
The paper highlights the development end evolution of
different generations of mobile wireless technology along technology, the 5G architecture can channel signal
with their advantages and disadvantages over each other. power for improved over-air data rates. A number of
We concluded that various applications like Big Data and demonstration 5G systems exceeding 3Gb / s were
IoT will require support from future wireless systems to published in the literature. These MIMO systems will
fit different quality-of-service requirements. trigger new design targets on RF transceiver
Keywords – 4G; 5G; NGMN; millimeter wave hardware size and capabilities (He and Gitlin, 2017).
(mmWave); MIMO; Quality-of-Service (QoS);
III. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
I. INTRODUCTION
According to (Sharma et al., 2014) and (Won et
The fifth-generation (5G) technology will be the al., 2017) the advantages of 5G technology are:
first in the new digital age where the various Globally accessible; Dynamic information access;
networks form a unified system. The 5G networks Lower battery consumption; High system level
would greatly improve efficiency over the existing spectral efficiency; With 6th sense technology; Faster
fourth-generation (4G) platforms with support for data transmission than the previous generations and
higher bandwidth and low torque and communication consistency in packet failure rates of 10-9.
services, as well as offering seamless connectivity to Conversely, 5G suffers from certain
multiple phones, compatible with different disadvantages (Andrews et al., 2014) state that “5G
technologies, knowledge, and mobility (Selinis et al., infrastructure recently constituted in Europe will
2018). According to the alliance of the mobile funnel massive amounts of funds into related
network (NGMN, in the Next Generation), the 5G research”. Moreover, (Polese, Jana and Zorzi, 2017)
networks will provide the following: a cell border argue that mmWaves, however, presents several
user bit rate at least 50 megabits per second (Mbit /s) issues and challenges that researchers need to answer
in the lowest conditions with gigabit per second (Gbit to make this technology market-ready. Frankly, these
/s) peaks; ultra-low end to end latency (possible frequencies suffer from high isotropic path loss and
below 10 ms) (Polese, Jana and Zorzi, 2017). In locking by most solid materials — for example,
contrast, future 5G networks will probably include buildings, cars, and even the human body2—that
mmWave communication connections due to their could lead to unavailability of service (i.e., an
potential multi-gigabit / second capability. Such outage).
frequencies are distinguished by highly dynamic
channel conditions, which contribute to large IV. COMPARISON OF TECHNOLOGY-
variations in the signal quality obtained. Furthermore, GENERATION
using mmWave in 5G wireless communication solves (Kachhavay and PThakare, 2014) observed
the spectrum shortage in current 4G cellular considerable that there are currently four generations
communication systems operating at frequencies in the mobile industry: 1G-first generation, 2G-
below 6 GHz. Nonetheless, the number of new second generation, 3G-third generation, and 4G-
technologies such as virtual / augmented reality (VR / fourth generation, 5G-fifth generation, respectively.
AR), autonomous driving, Internet of Things (IoT), Hereafter, table 1 summarizes the main key
and wireless backhaul (as a substitute for labour- difference between the last two generation (4G and
intensive optical fiber installation), as well as new 5G).
applications not yet planned, will need even higher TECHNOLOGY / FEATURES 4G 5G
data rates and less latency than what 5G networks START/DEPLOYMENT 2000/2010 2010/2015
will deliver (Rappaport et al., 2019). Both (Polese, 200 Mbps to 1
PEAK DATA RATE Gbps for low 20 Gbps and higher
Jana and Zorzi, 2017) and (Panhwar et al., 2017) mobility
agreed that by 2020, connectivity and mobile Single Unified Single Unifie
STANDARDS
networks will face significant obstacles compared to Standard Standard
today. LATENCY 10ms <1ms
Table 1 4G vs 5G Comparison

II. TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES

(Wu et al., 2018) and (Bencivenni et al.,
2019) agreed that the technological challenges are
mainly related to security issues and limited
frequency resources. Global research, however,
V. CONCLUSION
Information, one of modern society's most
essential resources, and its prompt collection,
distribution, and evaluation can offer numerous social
and economic benefits. (Yang and Alouini, 2019)
suggested that future wireless systems will need to
support various big data and IoT technologies with
varying quality-of-service (QoS) specifications.
According to recent reports, 5G can provide
significantly higher data throughput and low-latency
communications that will not only satisfy the
increasing demand for high-resolution content across
mobile networks but also for more interactive display
modes such as 360° camera (Turkiewicz, 2019) and
(Ni et al., 2019).
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