ECO RESORT, AT WEST BENGAL

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED BY:
ANSH BISHNOI
(1532781016)

GUIDED BY:
AR. NAUMI GARG

Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, UTTAR PRADESH, LUCKNOW

(Formerly known as Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow)
JANUARY, 2020
 SUNDERDEEP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
(NH24, GHAZIABAD, UTTAR PRADESH)

CANDIDATES DECLARATION

I hereby certify that this report entitled “ECO RESORT” which has been submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the degree
of BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE, submitted at SUNDERDEEP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, is an authentic record of my own work
carried out during the period from July 2019 to November 2019, under supervision and guidance of Ar. Naumi Garg, SunderDeep College of
Architecture, NH-24, Ghaziabad, UP. The matter embodied in this dissertation has not been submitted by me for the award of any other degree of this
or any other institute.

Date: 01/01/2020
Place: GHAZIABAD ANSH BISHNOI
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of our knowledge.

Ar. NAUMI GARG

(Guide)
 SUNDERDEEP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE
(NH24, GHAZIABAD, UTTAR PRADESH)

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Thesis titled “ECO RESORT” submitted by ‘ANSH BISHNOI’ for Bachelor of Architecture five-year
fulltime program at SUNDER DEEP COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE is a record of bonafide work carried out by him/her under
our guidance. The content included in the Thesis has not been submitted to any other university or institute for accord of any other
degree or diploma.

Ar. Naumi Garg Ar. Akshita Bhatt Prof. R.K. Sapra

(Guide) (Thesis Coordinator) (Director SDCA)

(External Examiner 1) (External Examiner 2)

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to acknowledge all those who have helped me in getting this study to a successful present status.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my humble Guide, Ar. Naumi Garg whose help, encouragement and constant
critics kept my moral high during thesis work. It has been a great learning experience working under his/her guidance through the last five months, where
he/she has been immensely patient, supportive, and encouraging.

I would like to extend special thanks to the Director, Prof. Rakesh Sapra for extending his support and encouragement.

I would also like to thank our Thesis Coordinator Ar. Akshita Bhatt for their encouragement and more over for their timely support and guidance till the
completion of Thesis work.

I am thankful and fortunate enough to get constant encouragement, support and guidance from all faculty members which helped me in successfully
completing my thesis work.

Furthermore, I would like to thank all my batch mates especially Aniket Verma and Aman Srivastava for extending help and support, SDCA and all the
other authorities which helped me in this study.

Finally, I must express my very profound gratitude to my parents for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my
years of study and through the process of writing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them.

Thank you.

ANSH BISHNOI
 Table of Contents
1. CHAPTER – 1
1.1 Introduction and Background ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Project Aim, Project Objective ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.3 Project Scope, Project Need ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Limitation ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.5 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 Identification of Live Project Site ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.7 Case Study and Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
2. CHAPTER – 2
LIVE CASE STUDY:
 Anchaviyo Resort, Maharashtra
2.1.1 Anchaviyo Resort ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.2 Site Planning ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
2.1.3 Recreational Facilities ....................................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.1.4 Features ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.1.5 Use of Local Materials ....................................................................................................................................................................................................12
2.1.6 Energy Conservation Method .......................................................................................................................................................................................13
2.1.7 Concept.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................14

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  Aahana Resort, Uttarakhand
2.2.1 Aahana Resort, Uttarakhand ....................................................................................................................................................................................26

LITERATURE CASE STUDY:

 Ananta Resort, Udaipur
2.3.1 Site Plan .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................19
2.3.2 Zoning of Kitchen ...................................................................................................................................................................................................20
2.3.3 Admin , Kitchen and restaurant plan ....................................................................................................................................................................21
2.3.4 1 Bedroom .................................................................................................................................................................................................................21
2.3.5 Double floor villa .....................................................................................................................................................................................................22
2.3.6 2 Bedroom Villa .......................................................................................................................................................................................................23
2.3.7 2 Bedroom Private Villa ..........................................................................................................................................................................................24
2.3.8 Parking .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................25
2.3.9 Concept ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................26

3. CHAPTER - 3
3.1 Site Information ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................27
3.2 Site Sensitivity .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................28
3.3 Site Features ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................28
3.4 Climate Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................32

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4. CHAPTER - 4
4.1 Biophillic Design Patterns ...................................................................................................................................................................................................36

5. CHAPTER - 5
5.1 Construction materials .........................................................................................................................................................................................................43
6. CHAPTER - 6
6.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................58

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LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure 1 Site Location .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Figure 2 Site marked in Master Plan ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3 Site as seen from Satellite view ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4 Entrance......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 5 Landscaping as per terrain .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 6 Effective Landscaping: Merging with the terrain ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 7 Site plan ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 8 Cottage ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
Figure 9 Bamboo matting interior ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Figure 10 Cottage view .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 11 Wooden stairs ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 12 Concept...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 13 Site view from cottage............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 14 Party Lawn ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 15 Swimming Pool .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 16 Site Plan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 17 Site View .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 18 Cottage ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 19 Deck View .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Figure 20 Site Plan ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 21 Zoning ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 20
Figure 22 Admin Plan................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 23 Bedroom .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 24 Inside view ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 25 Open Bath and Shower.............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 24
Figure 26 Entrance and Swimming pool .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 27 Parking Plan ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 28 Site Location .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 29 Site ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
Figure 30 Land use plan ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29
Figure 31 Land use plan ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Figure 32 Traffic movement plan .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 31
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Figure 33 Site slope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 34 Annual rainfall ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 35 Wind rose diagram .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 36 Use of green walls ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 37 Use of shading device ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37
Figure 38 Section of room ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 39 Lighting ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 40 Picture depicting the alternate materials which can be used in place of conventional materials. .......................................................................................... 38
Figure 41 Cob Walls ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 42 Cob arch ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 43 CSEB Wall section ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Figure 44 Bamboo treatment .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
Figure 45 Bamboo treatment .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Figure 46 Bamboo column sections .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 47 Bamboo truss............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
Figure 48 Bamboo beam ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
Figure 49 Bamboo column and beam joinery detail ................................................................................................................................................................................. 56
Figure 50 Bamboo truss............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 57

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 ECO RESORT
The Earth has music for those who listen
-William Shakespeare
 CHAPTER - 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
What is a Resort?
A resort is a self-contained commercial establishment that tries to provide most of a vacationer's wants, such as food, drink, lodging, sports,
entertainment, and shopping, on the premises.
What is Eco-Resort?

 An eco-resort, by loose definition, would be a lodging facility that takes steps to reduce its carbon footprint while giving back to its local
community.
 An Eco-resort not only offers eco-friendly sightseeing, but the accommodation, transport and cooking methods are also eco-friendly.
 An eco-resort protects the environment, benefits local communities, and helps guests learn about the local surroundings.
 These are low impact designs that allow you to visit but with the least impact possible on the local environment where the eco resorts are
located.
 A true Eco-resort not only offers eco-friendly sightseeing, but the accommodation, transport and cooking methods are also eco-friendly.
 An eco-resort is a resort area for eco tourists that has been specifically built with all the best interests of nature, wildlife and the local
people at heart.

1.2 BACKGROUND
Eco is a very strong trend, either convictions or a fashion, caring for the earth has become an ideal of many. As a result, eco-resorts have become
an increasingly popular alternative in the tourism industry, the increase in demand has led therefore to a large range of hotels with planet
friendly options for all requirements. An eco-resort is one that is fully integrated into the environment without damaging the environment,
contributing in some way to progress and improvement of the local community and sustainable growth of the tourism industry. New properties
are being built from sustainable resources–tropical hardwoods, local stone–and designed to better blend in with their environment. In addition,
they are also being run on eco-friendly principles, such as serving organic or locally grown food or using natural cooling as opposed to air
conditioning. Eco Resorts offer their guests the opportunity of experiencing nature close up – either in the hotel’s own inviting gardens or in the
outstanding natural beauty of the nearby countryside.

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Green Building Certifying Agencies:
There are various certifying agencies that help building developers to implement these principles and get green certification. Some of them are:
 LEED-India – LEED is an acronym for ‘Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design’, which is an international recognized certification system
for the green buildings. The LEED-India Green Building Rating System is an international benchmark for the design, construction and
operation of high-performance green buildings (provided by IGBC).
 IGBC Ratings – The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) is a division of the Confederation of Indian Industry that works closely with the
government and aims at sustainably built environment. It offers four levels of rating for new buildings that is valid for 3 years: Certified,
Silver, Gold, and Platinum. Apart from new building certification, the ‘IGBC Green Existing Building O&M Rating System’ offered by the for
applying sustainable concepts for existing buildings.
 BEE-ECBC – The Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) was established by the Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) to set energy
efficiency standards for design and construction of buildings.
 TERI GRIHA – The Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment is a national rating system for green buildings that is adopted while
designing and evaluating new buildings.

1.3 PROJECT AIM

Provide a recreational environment for the resort through varieties of facilities and functions while responding to climatic and energy
consumption issues raised by present day architecture through eco-sensitive design.

1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

 Create an interactive ground for locals and visitors so that there may be interchange of ideas and cultural demonstration.
 Make analytical perfect of the functional requirements of eco resort and implement efficient design to carry out the functions smoothly.
 Study about the materials and technology regarding the sustainability in design.
 Study about energy efficient design.

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1.5 PROJECT SCOPE

 Data collection on spaces essential in resort- Area requirement and other conditions.
 To study Architecture prevalent in West Bengal and its local character and characteristic element of design.
 Site planning with special emphasis on the design of outdoor spaces, land and water surface.
 Provide design solution considering the building functions and its relation with the climate and environment.
 Detailing of individual building.

1.6 PROJECT NEED

The building construction industry produces the second largest amount of demolition waste and greenhouse gases (35-40%). The major
consumption of energy in buildings is during construction and later in lighting or air-conditioning systems. While, various amenities like lighting,
air conditioning, water heating provide comfort to building occupants, but also consume enormous amount of energy and add to pollution.
Further, occupant activities generate large amount of solid and water waste as well.
Eco Resort will help to minimize the harmful impact that buildings have on the environment.

1.7 LIMITATION

 Detailed environment assessment will not be done due to limitation of knowledge in this field and it is not our primary focus, as the project
is virtual.
 The project will not cover all the details related to green design incorporated, though research will be made and required level of detailing
will be done to meet the architectural requirement.

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1.8 METHODOLOGY

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1.9 Identification of Live Project Site

 Eco Tourism Project, Teesta, Doaars, Gajoldoba, West

Bengal.
 AREA: 6 ACRE
 The site is only 25 km from Siliguri the second largest city
in West Bengal and the Gateway to the North Eastern
States as well as the neighbouring countries of Bhutan,
Nepal and Bangladesh. The site is 40 km from Bagdogra
Airport and 18 km from New Jalpaiguri on the Teesta
Barrage.
 The project is located strategically between the Teesta
Barrage and the Baikunthapur Forest and has an
excellent view of the Hills. The site is a bliss for Nature
Lovers particularly for bird watchers, Water & Forest
attracts a number of water birds from Ladakh and
Central Asia. There is an abundance of native Flaura &
Fauna.
 Strategically selected location.
 Situated on the main access route to the rest of state.
Figure 1 Site Location

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Figure 2 Site marked in Master Plan

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Figure 3 Site as seen from Satellite view

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1.10 Case Study

 Live Study
o Anchaviyo Resort, Maharashtra
o Aahana Resort, Uttarakhand

 Literature Study
o Ananta Resort, Udaipur

1.11 Bibliography

 https://greengroundswell.com/what-is-green-building-and-why-is-it-important/2013/04/08/
 https://www.archdaily.com/240287/bama-eco-resort-davidclovers

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 CHAPTER - 2
2 CASE STUDIES
Live Case Studies:
2.1.1 ANCHAVIYO RESORT, MAHARASHTRA

Figure 4 Entrance

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 About:
- Location: Khairavili Village, Palghar, Maharashtra
- Nearest Airport: Mumbai (115 kms)
- Nearest Railway Station: Kalyan Junction (90 kms)
- Distance from nearest city: Mumbai (90 kms)
- Spread across 150 Acres of lush greenery resort encompasses.
- Mud Houses, Tree Houses, Igloo (made from glass) are available.
- Spa and wellness centre.
- Swimming pool for adults and children.
- Adventure sports such as Kayaking, e-bike riding, ATV riding etc.
- Mini movie theatre.
- Football field.

Figure 6 Effective Landscaping: Merging with the terrain Figure 5 Landscaping as per terrain

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2.1.2 Site Planning:

Figure 7 Site plan

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2.1.3 Recreational facilities:
 Chloride free salt pools
 Natural surface play area
 Low energy hot tubs
 Cycling pathways.

2.1.4 Features:
 Energy conservation (wind, sun, thermal, cooling roof
material)
 Water conservation (flow restrictors, water reuse,
recycling) Figure 8 Cottage
 Fuel (biogas)
 Waste Recycling

2.1.5 Use of Local Materials:

 Stone
 Compressed Earth Blocks
 Rough wooden rafters
 Mangalore tiles
 Steel roof truss
 Bamboo
 Adobe
 Karvi sticks, cow dung or mud plaster
 Bricks with rat trap bond
Figure 9 Bamboo matting interior

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 2.1.6 Energy Conservation Methods

 Ground source heat pumps

 Solar Energy systems
 Energy Management system
 Energy efficient refrigeration
 Use of Renewable Energy (Solar, Wind)
 Efficient piping design (steam, water and glycol piping)
 Efficient Lighting.

Figure 11 Wooden stairs

Figure 10 Cottage view

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2.1.7 Concept:

 Passive Cooling

Figure 12 Concept

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  Screening and Visual Integration with landform:
o Screen negative features such as roads and traffic from the site.
o Create a separation between ecolodge and adjacent facilities.
o Screen the ecolodge from views onto site.
o Partially obscuring features such as parking lot, utility buildings and maintenance facilities.
o The use of landform can integrate the ecolodge into wider landscape with its hills and mounds, these berms can also be used
to:
- Direct the wind movement to increase natural ventilation.
- Control wind and offer projection in exposed areas and blowing sand.
- Create a sense of privacy in different part of ecolodge.
- Cluster vegetation around select landform.

Figure 13 Site view from cottage

LIFT ENTRY LOBBY

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2.2.1 AAHANA RESORT, UTTARAKHAND

 About:
- Site Location: Jim Corbett National Park, Ramnagar, Uttarakhand
- Site Area: 14 Acre
- Year Completed: 2011
- Nearest Airport: Pantnagar (50 kms)
- Nearest Railway Station: Ramnagar (19 kms)
- Spread across 14 Acres of lush greenery resort encompasses.
- Cottages, Accommodation Units available.
- Spa and wellness centre.
- Swimming pool for adults and children.

Figure 15 Swimming Pool Figure 14 Party Lawn

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Figure 16 Site Plan
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Literature Case Study:

2.3.1 Ananta Resort, Udaipur:

About:
• Spread across 75 acres of lush greenery the
resort encompasses.
• 182 contemporary villas • Its premium gateway
resort surrounded by the Aravalli.
• Ananta Udaipur has international standard spa
naturopathy, Swedish spa therapies, oriental spa,
yoga, meditation etc.
• Two eclectic dining outlets.
• Special kids' activity area.
• Outdoor swimming pool.
• Spa and fitness centre.
• Largest divisible banquet halls in Rajasthan.
Figure 17 Site View

Figure 19 Deck View Figure 18 Cottage

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2.3.2 Site Plan:

Figure 20 Site Plan

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2.3.3 Zoning of Kitchen:

Figure 21 Zoning

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2.3.4 Admin, Kitchen & Restaurant Plan:

Figure 22 Admin Plan

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2.3.5 1 Bedroom set:

- Area of one unit: 97

sq.m
- Area of single
bedroom: 27 sq.m
- Area of Lounge: 27
sq.m
- Toilet: 8 sq.m

Figure 23 Bedroom

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2.3.6 Double Floor Villa:

- Total Area: 134 sq.m

- 1 bedroom: 28 sq.m
- Toilet: 8sq.m
- Balcony/Veranda: 17.5 sq.m

Figure 24 Inside view

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2.3.7 2 Bedroom Villa:

- Total Area:142 sq.m

- 1 Bedroom: 28 sq.m
- 1 Lounge: 28 sq.m
- Toilet: 8sq.m
- Balcony and Verandah: 12 sqm

Figure 25 Open Bath and Shower

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2.3.8 2 Bedroom Private Villa:

- Total Area: 412 sq.m

- Includes Swimming pool,
Private lawn, Kitchen,
Courtyard.

Figure 26 Entrance and Swimming pool

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2.3.9 Parking:
A total of 712 cars can be parked.

2.3.10 Concept:
• The design concept of this resort is by GM. Architects.
• This resort has steep contours which allows a play of variable
heights.
• The Ananta Udaipur is beautiful and well-maintained property
where locally available stones are being used in the facade of
the building making it very earthy.
• Beautiful drive way to the reception having trees on either side
of the roads.
• Road is made up of cobbled stones giving very earthy feeling to
the visitor and the road flows with the contours of the sites
having natural slopes, turns and curves as of the site. The scenic
beauty around it gives a very close to nature feel. Figure 27 Parking Plan

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 CHAPTER – 3
3.1 SITE INFORMATION
Area : 6 Acre
Location : Eco Tourism Project at Teesta, Dooars, Gajoldoba, West Bengal.
Accessibility : 25 kms from Siliguri; 37kms from Bagdogra Airport; 26 kms kms from Siliguri Railway Station
Ownership : West Bengal Tourism Department.
Immediate : The project is located between Teesta Barrage and
Surroundings Baikunthapur Forest.

Figure 28 Site Location

Figure 29 Site

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3.2 SITE SENSITIVITY

There are a few sensitive sites in the project site.

Some of the major parks/ SANCTUARY in the region are as follows:

I. The Garumara National Park

II. The Chapramari Willife Sanctuary
III. The Jaldapara Wildlife Sanctuary
IV. The Buxa Tiger Reserve
V. The Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary
VI. The Baikanthapur Forest
VII. The Neora Valley

3.3 SITE FEATURES

 Topography : The site has 1-2% slope towards the lake (NE side)
 Power & Water : The power line runs on both the roads adjacent to site.
 Connectivity : The site is connected by 6m wide road which connects to 15 m main road.
 Soil Type : Coarse Loamy soil.
 Sewage : Sewage lines are not present. Soak Pit will have to be used.

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Figure 30 Land use plan

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Figure 31 Land use plan

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Figure 32 Traffic movement plan

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3.4 CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Table 1 Temperature

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  Maximum rainfall recieved is 1138 mm in the month of July.
 Maximum temerature is 39°C in the month of May & June.
 Minimum Temperature is 3°C in the month of December.

Figure 34 Annual rainfall Figure 33 Site slope

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Figure 35 Wind rose diagram

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 CHAPTER – 4

4.1 BIOPHILIC DESIGN PATTERNS:

To increase the occupant connectivity to the natural environment through use of direct
nature, indirect nature and space & place connection.
 Visual Connection with Nature:

Naturally Occuring:
-Natural flows of body of water.
-Vegetation

Stimulated
-Mechanical flow of water
-Green walls
 Connection With Natural System:

-All circulation areas are meant to be pedestrian.

-Soft paved pathways to restore the ground water table throughout the
site

Figure 36 Use of green walls

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  Thermal T& Airflow Variability:

Placing of shading device according to varied climate and ambient requirement.

Figure 37 Use of shading device

Figure 38 Section of room

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 Dynamic and diffused lighting

-Daylight from multiple angles

-Direct Sunlight
-Moonlight & starlight

Figure 39 Lighting

 Use of sustainable materials:

Figure 40 Picture depicting the alternate materials which can be used in place of conventional materials.

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 CHAPTER – 5

5.1 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Sustainable Buildings:
Made by incorporating straw, bamboo and timber, these houses are cheaper, recyclable and pollution-free. As for the life span, they can
last for a thousand years!
“An ideal house in the village should be built using material that is found within a five-mile radius of the house.”- Mahatma Gandhi
Laurie Baker was inspired by this. He was also known as the “Gandhi of Architecture”.
Baker, who is fondly referred to as ‘Gandhi of Architecture’, went on to inspire architects to opt for green materials in the Pre and Post-
Independence era. It is no wonder that India has 65 million mud houses of the total 118 million, as per Down To Earth magazine.
As India opened its doors to the outside world, the construction industry flourished, accommodating other modern construction materials
like cement, glass and marble. Houses in urban areas underwent horizontal and vertical expansion as traditional methods replaced the
machine-intensive one. People’s definition of a house changed, as it turned into an asset with a long-term investment.
Spending large amounts of money for a mud house was not an appealing prospect anymore, causing a rise in the demand for modern
construction materials. Mud houses soon came to be associated with rural areas and economic backwardness.

The rise-fall-rise in the importance given to mud houses across the country continues as environmentally-conscious citizens gradually
chose cost-effective and energy-saving eco-friendly building materials for any type of construction.
Studying the biodiversity of the site is the first and most crucial part of building planning. There should be a minimal intervention in nature
from our side. Build without disturbing the trees and water bodies. The direction of the wind and natural light are studied to reduce the
use of ACs, fans and heaters in the building.

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 COB:
Cob is an amalgamation of soil, clay and straw, blended with water. Rammed earth technique to construct foundations, floors, and
walls, where natural raw materials such as earth, chalk, lime, or grave are rammed together. Since the rammed earth and cob walls are
constructed on-site, manufacture and transport costs are eliminated, leading to reduced carbon footprints. The thick walls of the cob
house also provide thermal regulation, meaning that they are cool during summer and absorb heat in winter.
As the walls are made of the earth, they are recyclable and pollution-free. And they can last for thousands of years if the roofs are built
to protect the walls from the rains! When constructing the roof, extend it beyond the house by two feet on either side. By doing this, it
makes sure that rainwater does not touch the structure.
While it is true that mud houses may cause some problems during rains, these issues can be addressed during the construction.
Stabilizers like wheat husk, straw, lime, and cow dung can be used to prevent any damage.
As for the cost, if 1 sq ft in a conventional building would cost Rs 1,000, while the same area in an eco-friendly one will be priced at Rs
600.

Figure 41 Cob Walls Figure 42 Cob arch

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 CSEB (Compressed Stabilized Earth Block)
CSEB are a mix of soil, sand, a stabilizer (often 5% of cement), and water.

 They are compressed in a press (manual or motorized) and cured during 28 days.
 CSEB are also called E’Blocks, as Eco-friendly, Economical, Earth block…
 The term “block” is used to differentiate from “brick” which is usually fired.
 Top soil is removed and only the deeper soil is extracted.
 CSEB are used on all continents.
 CSEB has been a major tool for the renaissance of earth architecture
worldwide.
 It is today the earth technology which is used the most worldwide and in
Auroville.
 The Auroville Earth Institute became one of the world leader for the research and
development of CSEB technology.

Compressed earth blocks can be stabilized or not. But most of the times, they are stabilized with cement or lime. Therefore, we prefer
today to call them Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEB).
The input of soil stabilization allowed people to build higher with thinner walls, which have a much better compressive strength and
water resistance. With cement stabilization, the blocks must be cured for four weeks after manufacturing. After this, they can dry
freely and be used like common bricks with a soil cement stabilized mortar.
SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLINESS OF CSEB

 Earth is a local material and the soil should preferably be extracted from the site itself or not transported from too far away
 Labor costs for CSEB production amount to 40 to 45% of the total cost. This promotes endogenous development.
 It is a cost and energy effective material.
 The embodied energy of CSEB is 10.7 times less than country fired brick. (Embodied energy is the energy consumed by all of the
processes associated with the production of a building, from the mining and processing of natural resources to manufacturing,
transport and product delivery.)

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 Carbon emissions of CSEB are 12.5 times less than country fired brick.
INITIAL EMBODIED ENERGY PER M3
CSEB = 572.6 MJ / m3
Country Fired Brick (CFB) = 6,122.5 MJ / m3
CARBON EMISSIONS (Kg of CO2) PER M3
CSEB = 51.5 Kg / m3
Country Fired Brick (CFB) = 642.9 Kg / m3
ADVANTAGES OF CSEB
• A local material
Ideally, the production is made on the site itself or in the nearby area. Thus, it will save the transportation, fuel, time and money.

• A bio-degradable material
Well-designed CSEB houses can withstand, with a minimum of maintenance, heavy rains, snowfall or frost without being damaged.
The strength and durability has been proven since half a century.

But let’s imagine a building fallen down and that a jungle grows on it: the bio-chemicals contained in the humus of the topsoil will
destroy the soil cement mix in 10 or 20 years… And CSEB will come back to our Mother Earth!

• Limiting deforestation
Firewood is not needed to produce CSEB. It will save the forests, which are being depleted quickly in the world, due to short view
developments and the mismanagement of resources.

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• Energy efficiency and eco friendliness
Requiring only a little stabilizer the energy consumption in a m3 can be from 5 to 15 times less than a m3 of fired bricks. The pollution
emission will also be 2.4 to 7.8 times less than fired bricks.

• Cost efficiency
Produced locally, with a natural resource and semi skilled labour, almost without transport, it will be definitely cost effective! More or
less according to each context and to ones knowledge!

• An adapted material
Being produced locally it is easily adapted to the various needs: technical, social, cultural habits.

• A transferable technology
It is a simple technology requiring semi skills, easy to get. Simple villagers will be able to learn how to do it in few weeks. Efficient
training centre will transfer the technology in a week time.

• A job creation opportunity

CSEB allow unskilled and unemployed people to learn a skill, get a job and rise in the social values
SOME LIMITATIONS OF CSEB
• Proper soil identification is required or unavailability of soil.
• Unawareness of the need to manage resources.
• Ignorance of the basics for production & use.
• Wide spans, high & long building are difficult to do.
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• Low technical performances compared to concrete.
• Untrained teams producing bad quality products.
• Over-stabilization through fear or ignorance, implying
outrageous

• Under-stabilization resulting in low quality products.

• Bad quality or un-adapted production equipment.
• Low social acceptance due to counter examples (By
unskilled people, or bad soil & equipment).

Figure 43 CSEB Wall section

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 BAMBOO

To enhance its natural durability and to protect it from insects, it is necessary to treat bamboo before use. The process is explained
below:

 For construction use, mature bamboo between 3–5 years old is selected. It shrinks less when dry and its starch and sugar contents
are low so there is less chance of insect infestation.
 Different species of bamboo have different uses example, the smaller bamboo can be stripped for use for weaving mats used as the
substructure of our bamboo roofs. The thicker, more mature bamboo species are used for structural columns and beams.
 Depending on the diameter of the bamboo, different sized drill bits, attached to a long steel rod, are used to drill through the
centre of the bamboo culm throughout its whole length. This is to longitudinally penetrate the bamboo’s nodal diaphragms before
the natural preservation treatment.

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 At the bamboo treatment pool, the bamboo soaks in a borax and boric acid solution for 7 days to allow the salts to fully penetrate
the inside the bamboo. Borax or sodium borate is a soft, colourless, powdery mineral that dissolves easily in water. It is a natural
insect repellent and preservative.

Figure 44 Bamboo treatment

 After about one week, the bamboo is pulled from the pool and stacked vertically so the preservation solution can drain from the
bamboo and be recycled in the pool.
 Next, the bamboo poles are left to bask in the sun for 1 week. Then we rotate the bamboo poles daily to avoid cracking. The sun
bleaches the bamboo to a natural golden yellow colour that is more attractive as bamboo construction material.

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 Figure 45 Bamboo treatment

 As last step of the bamboo treatment, the bamboo poles are left to dry slowly in a cool, dry place until they are used for bamboo
construction.

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 BAMBOO JOINERY DETAILS:

Figure 46 Bamboo column sections

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ROOF:
 The roof comprises bamboo trusses at 1.2m spacing,
located over the columns.
 The 3mm BMCS are laid and fixed using 1- bolts and
bitumen washers.

Figure 47 Bamboo truss

BEAMS:

For a single dwelling 4 beams are provided. Single beam consists

of 4 long bamboos with cross bracings. Additional bamboos are
provided to facilitate the arrangements of shelves and lofts 4
bamboos are convenient to place column cap, fix beam and truss
over cap.

Figure 48 Bamboo beam

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A specific type of coupling is designed for large span structures which require bamboo beams. The bamboo beam and columns are joined
using steel coupling.

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Figure 49 Bamboo column and beam joinery detail

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 TRUSS:

3 trusses are required for a single dwelling. Queen post trusses are prefabricated as per drawings and specifications. Fabrication of truss
member is comparatively complicated. Single bamboo is sufficient as a structural member of a truss though the double member is
provided considering aesthetics and convenience for joinery.

Figure 50 Bamboo truss

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 CHAPTER – 6

6.1 CONCLUSION
The aim of the design in humid regions should be to lower both daytime and night-time temperatures in and around the environment
buildings as much as possible to the comfort conditions. This can be achieved by keeping building envelopes or surface areas of buildings
minimally exposed to the sun. After finalizing data collected, the project appeared in a clearer way. In this research I had collect all the
information about the general zoning of the site is created based on the previous analysis of case studies and space program, finally
selected site based on the important criteria. At the end, all the previous chapters have developed a clear vision of how I would want my
project to function and look like. Having this thesis written will help me in the design stage in the following step.

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 REFERENCES

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco_hotel
 https://www.dezeen.com/tag/eco-resort/
 https://www.indian-architects.com/en/anagram-architects-new-delhi/project/vaansa-eco-resort
 https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB_DC24679.pdf
 https://greenloons.com/2010/07/25/criteria-that-makes-a-hotel-an-eco-hotel/
 https://issuu.com/sulmankhalid/docs/eco-resorts.planning.and.design.for
 Book- Architecture for the Poor – An Experiment in Rural Egypt by Hassan Fathy
 Book- Eco resorts planning and design for the tropics by Zbigniew Bromberek

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