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Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Illustrating
Permutation
Learning Area – Grade 10 Mathematics
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Illustrating Permutation
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
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Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module if you need to
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in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written for learners. After going
through this module, the learner is expected to:
1. illustrate permutation (M10SPIIIa-1) ; and
2. apply the concept of permutation in real-life situations.

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. If a die is rolled and a coin is tossed, in how many ways can they land?
A. 12 B. 10 C. 6 D. 2
2. Which of the following does NOT illustrate permutation?
A. finding the possible number of arrangements of books in a shelf
B. listing all the codes of a locked smartphone
C. identifying the possible words (with or without meaning) that can be
formed from the letters G, O, and D without repetition
D. finding the number of meal combinations with two kinds of drink and 3
types of main course
6!
3. Simplify .
3!
A. 100 B. 110 C. 120 D. 130
4. How many four-digit numbers without repetition can be formed using the digits
1, 2, 3, 4?
A. 24 B. 36 C. 12 D. 15
5. In how many ways can you arrange 7 different colored mugs in a row?
A. 3 720 B. 5 040 C. 4 825 D. 6 280

Lesson
1 Illustrating Permutation

What’s In
Directions: Let us practice counting! On a sheet of paper,
answer the following questions.

From the counting numbers 1 – 20,

1. How many are prime numbers?
2. How many are composite numbers?
3. What numbers are odd?
4. What numbers are divisible by 3?
5. How many two-digit numbers are greater than 13?

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 What’s New
A small padlocked treasure chest was found in an abandoned
island. In order to open this chest containing precious jewels, a
4-letter password without repetition must be unlocked using the
letters A, B, C, and D. If you are going to list down all the possible
codes, how many codes will there be?

A B C D

What is It
To illustrate how this can be solved, let us consider the tree diagram
below.

1st 2nd 3rd 4th Possible Codes

C D A-B-C-D
B D C A-B-D-C
B D A-C-B-D
A C D B A-C-D-B 6
B C A-D-B-C
D C B A-D-C-B

C D B-A-C-D
A D C B-A-D-C
A D B-C-A-D
6
B C D A B-C-D-A
A C B-D-A-C
D C A B-D-C-A

B D C-A-B-D
A D B C-A-D-B
A D C-B-A-D
C B D A C-B-D-A 6
A B C-D-A-B
D B A C-D-B-A

B C D-A-B-C
A C B D-A-C-B
A C D-B-A-C
D B C A D-B-C-A 6
A B D-C-A-B
C B A D-C-B-A

Total: 24

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 Another solution to find the number of codes aside from tree diagram is by
using the Fundamental Principle of Counting.

The Fundamental Principle of Counting

If one object can occur in p ways, and a second object can occur in q ways, and a
third object can occur in r ways, and so on, then the sequence of things can occur
in p ∙ q ∙ r ∙ … ways

Provide four blanks for the first part, second part, third, and fourth. There
are four possible letters that we can choose from in the first part. If a letter has
been picked, it can no longer be used. Thus, there are three remaining choices in
the second part, two letters remaining in the third, and one letter in the last.

4∙3∙2∙ 1 = 24 Answer: There are 24 possible codes.

The situation above specifically involves permutation. A permutation is an

arrangement of things in a definite order or the ordered arrangement of
distinguishable objects without repetitions among the objects.
Given the four letters A, B, C, and D, an alternative way to determine the
total number of arrangements or permutations, is to use of the formula:
n! = n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)…(2)(1).
Since there are only four letters to be arranged, n = 4.
Solution: n! n! is read as n factorial.
4! = 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 4! is read as 4 factorial.
4! = 24

Answer: There are 24 different arrangements or permutations.

Let us consider the following situations.

Example 1: If you have three different T-shirts, two pairs of shorts, and two pairs
of slippers, how many outfits composed of a T-shirt, a pair of shorts,
and a pair of slippers would you have?

Solution: Let’s use a tree diagram to illustrate our solution. Let T 1 , T 2 ,and T 3
represent the T-shirts, H 1 and H 2 represent the shorts, and S1 , S2
represent the shoes.

S1 T 1−H 1−S1
H1
T1 S2 T 1−H 1−S2
4
H2 S1 T 1−H 2−S1

S2 T 1−H 2−S2

S1 T 2−H 1−S1
H1
T2 S2 T 2−H 1−S2
4
S1 T 2−H 2−S1

3
 H2
S2 T 2−H 2−S2

S1 T 3−H 1−S1
H1
T3 S2 T 3−H 1−S2
4
H2 S1 T 3−H 2−S1

S2 T 3−H 2−S2

Total: 12

Another Solution: Provide three blanks for the T-shirt, pair of shorts, and pair of
slippers. There are 3 choices for T-shirts, 2 choices for shorts,
and 2 choices for slippers. By Fundamental Principle of
Counting, we have,

3 ∙ 2∙ 2 = 12
Answer: There are 12 different outfits.

Example 2: How many ways can you assemble a mountain bike with four kinds of
frames and two kinds of handle bars?

Solution: Using tree diagram to illustrate our solution, we let F 1 , F2 , F3and F 4

represent the frames, and B1 and B2 represent the handle bars.

B1 F 1- B1
F1 2
B2 F 1- B2

B1 F 2- B1
F2 2
B2 F 2- B2

B1 F 3- B1
F3 2
B2 F 3- B2

B1 F 4- B1
F4 2
B2 F 4- B2

Total: 8

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Another Solution: Provide two blanks for the frame and handle bar. There are 4
options for frames and 2 options for handle bars. By
Fundamental Principle of Counting, we have,
4 ∙ 2 =8
Answer: There are 8 different ways.

Example 3: Which of the following situations illustrate permutation?

A. arranging potted ornamental plants in a row
B. selecting four kings in a standard deck of cards
C. listing the possible passwords of a smartphone

Solution: Situations A and C show permutation. Order/arrangement is

important in these cases.
Situation B does not show permutation since the task is only to select
or choose four kings. Order, whatever it is, does not matter.

Example 4: Mariz, Joshua, and Ben will arrange themselves in a row for picture
taking. How many different arrangements in a row will be formed by
them?

Solution: Aside from tree diagram, another way to find the number of
arrangements is through listing method. The whole set must be
enclosed with braces and each element must be separated by comma.

If we are going to list down the possible arrangements, we’ll have:

{Mariz-Joshua-Ben, Mariz-Ben-Joshua, Ben-Mariz-Joshua,

Ben-Joshua-Mariz, Joshua-Ben-Mariz, Joshua-Mariz-Ben}

Another Solution: Use the formula n! = n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)…(2)(1). There are 3

persons to be arranged. So, n = 3.
3! = 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1 = 6
Answer: 6 different arrangements

Example 5: In how many ways can you answer a Matching Type Test consisting of
10 items with 10 choices?

Solution: We know that in a Matching Type test, you can only select a letter
once. That is, there are no repetitions in your answer. Since there are
10 choices, n = 10. Applying the formula, we have
10! = 10 ∙ 9 ∙ 8 ∙ 7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1
= 3 628 800
Answer: 3 628 800 ways

Property: Zero factorial is equal to 1. In symbols, 0! = 1.

Example 6: Simplify the following expressions.

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 8! 5! 7!
a. b. c.
7! 2! 5!
1!
d.
0!
Solution:
8! 8 ∙7 ∙ 6 ∙5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙2 ∙ 1 8! 8 ∙7 !
a.
7!
=
7 ∙ 6 ∙ 5∙ 4 ∙3 ∙ 2∙ 1
Shortcut:
7!
= 7!
=8 =8

5! 5∙ 4 ∙3 ∙ 2∙ 1 5! 5∙ 4 ∙3 ∙ 2!
b.
2!
= 2 ∙1
Shortcut:
2!
= 2!
= 5∙ 4 ∙ 3 = 5∙ 4 ∙ 3
= 60 = 60
7! 7 ∙6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙3 ∙ 2∙ 1 7! 7 ∙6 ∙ 5 !
c.
5!
= 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙2 ∙1
Shortcut:
5!
= 5!
=7∙6 =7 ∙
6
= 42 = 42

1! 1
d.
0!
= 1
=1

What’s More

A. Directions: Simplify the following expressions. Write your solution and answer
on a sheet of paper.
10!
1. 6! 4.
6!

9!
2. 5. 2! ∙ 5!
8!

6!
3.
4!

B. Directions: On a sheet of paper, write P if the situation involves permutation.

Otherwise, write NP if it does not show permutation.

_________1. finding the number of possible codes in a padlock

_________2. choosing 3 cleaners from 40 students
_________3. ranking the top 3 learners among 15 Grade 10 students
_________4. hiring 5 employees all having the same position from 20 applicants

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_________5. arranging 6 people for picture taking
_________6. finding the number of ways a sarisari store owner can arrange 8
different canned goods
_________7. listing the possible 4-letter words with or without meaning and
without repetition that can be formed from the letters of the word
MATH
_________8. finding the number of arrangements of 5 different books in a row
_________9. selecting 5 different colored marbles in a bowl
________10. forming a committee of 4 members out of 20 lawyers

What I Have Learned

Directions: Copy the given table on a sheet of paper. Put a check inside the
box on the level of understanding for each skill/competency using 3 – very clear,
2 – clear, and 1 – not clear. If you answered 1, please write the specific topic which
seems difficult to you in the third column. If you answered 2 or 3, write none.

Level of Specific Least Learned

Skills/Competencies
Understanding Topics
1. constructing a tree diagram 1 2 3
to illustrate a given situation
2. applying the Fundamental 1 2 3
Principle of Counting in real-
life situations
3. identifying whether the 1 2 3
situation illustrates
permutation or not
4. simplifying expressions 1 2 3
involving factorials
5. applying the concept of 1 2 3
permutation in real-life
situations

What I Can Do

Directions: Solve the following problems. Write your solution and answer on a
sheet of paper.

1. A fast food chain offers 4 kinds of main dishes, 2 kinds of desserts, and 2
kinds of beverages. How many different meal combinations consisting of a
main dish, a dessert, and a beverage a customer can choose from? Construct

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 a tree diagram. Use M 1 , M 2 , M 3 ,∧M 4 for main dishes, D 1 and D 2 for desserts,
and B1, and B2 for beverages.

2. There are 5 different daily newspapers and 3 different brochures published in

a certain village. If a person decides to subscribe to exactly one brochure and
one daily newspaper, how many different options does he have? Construct a
tree diagram. Use N 1 , N 2 , N 3 , N 4∧N 5 for newspapers and B1 and B2 for
brochures.

3. Using the letters of the word, BEST, list down all possible four-letter
arrangements/permutations with or without meaning that can be formed?

4. How many decorations can be made using 8 different colored flags when all of
them must be used at a time?

Assessment
Directions: Read and analyze the problems. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the other term for “permutation”?
A. arrangement/order
B. combination
C. choices
D. groupings
2. Which one from the following situations illustrates permutation?
A. selecting marbles from a bowl
B. listing the possible passwords of a phone
C. drawing two cards from a deck of playing cards
D. forming a group of 3 out of 100 persons
3. Three university scholars will arrange themselves in a row for picture taking.
How many different arrangements in a row can be formed by them?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
8!
4. Simplify
5!
A. 16 B. 42 C. 120 D. 336
5. Find the number of ways a student can answer a Matching Type Test that is
composed of 5 items with 5 choices.
A. 100 B. 68 C. 84 D. 120

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 Answer Key

What I Can Do

1. 16

2. 15

Assessment

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
3. 24 {BEST, BETS, BTES, BTSE, BSTE, BSET, EBST,
EBTS, ESTB, ESBT, ETSB, ETBS, SEBT, SETB, STBE,
STEB, SBET, SBTE, TEBS, TESB, TSBE, TSEB, TBES,
TBSE}
4. 40 320

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 What’s More (B) What’s More (A) What I Know
What’s In
1. P 6. P 1. 720 1. A
2. NP 7. P 2. 9 2. D
3. P 8. P 3. 30 1. 8 3. C
4. NP 9. NP 4. 5 040 2. 11 4. A
5. P 10. NP 5. 240 3. 1, 3, 5, 7, 5. B
9, 11, 13,
15, 17, 19
4. 3, 6, 9,
12, 15, 18

References
Books Melvin M. Callanta, et al. 2015. Mathematics – Grade 10 Learner’s
Module. Pasig City, Philippines 1600 REX Book Store. pp. 283 –
285

Orlando A.Aronce and Marilyn O.Mendoza, 2017.E - Math 10 –

Rex Bookstore Inc. 335 - 340

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