Experiment No.

1
Bunsen burner

I. Introduction
The Bunsen burner consists of a Barrel on a base with a
In 1855, Robert Bunsen is gas inlet at the lower end of the tube, which may have
a German chemist who an adjusting valve; openings in the sides of the tube can
introduced Bunsen burner be regulated by a collar to admit as much air as desired.
from a design by Peter The mixture of air and gas is forced by gas pressure to
Desdega, who likely the top of the tube, where it is ignited with a match.
modified an earlier design It burns with a pale Blue flame, the primary flame, seen
by Michael Faraday. as a small inner blue cone, which is the coolest part of
Bunsen burner is a device the flame. And at the tip of the
for combining a inner blue cone is the hottest
flammable gas with region of the flame. And lastly
Controlled amounts of air the Outer Flame is the second
before ignition; it hottest region of the flame and it
produces a hotter flame Figure No. 1 may not be visible.
than would be possible Robert Bunsen
using the ambient air and gas alone. The Bunsen burner The amount oxygen mixed with
was the forerunner of the gas-stove burner and the gas the gas stream determines
furnace. whether the combustion is
complete. Less air makes an
Incomplete Combustion and Figure No. 4
thus cooler reaction, resulting Luminous Flame
in a luminous flame. While a gas stream is well mixed
with air creates a more Complete Combustion and
hotter reaction the non-luminous flame due to more
oxygen available.

Luminous flame is formed when the air hole or the air

inlet is closed thus the gas will only mix with
surrounding air at the point of combustion at the top of
Figure No. 5 the burner and is yellow due to an incomplete reaction.
Figure No.2
Non-LuminousParts of the Bunsen Burner It is also caused by the small soot particles which is
Flame carbon in the flame.

Non-Luminous Flame is formed when the air hole is

partially open and is less
visible to the
backgrounds. The hottest
part of the flame is the tip
of the inner flame, while
the coolest is the whole
inner flame. The Non-
Luminous Flame is due to
 the sufficient air flow when the air
hole is partially open and that The materials that will be going to use in the
cause a complete combustion. experiment are the Bunsen burner with the gas tube
and propane gas, two evaporating dish, a crucible tong,
And from this experiment, the
two pieces of 2 inches of wire, a timer, and a match. In
students will be able to understand
this experiment, wearing a laboratory gown, gloves, and
the function of each parts, and can
goggles are necessary inside the laboratory.
able to locate the parts of a Bunsen burner. And
through this experiment, the students will be able to
IV. Procedure
distinguish the types of flames emitted in the Bunsen
burner. The experiment will put the evaporating dish to
The experiment started in wearing the Personal
the Bunsen burner with an open and close gas inlet. The
Protective Equipment in entering the laboratory. Next is
students will be understand the difference between the
the preparation of the materials that will be going to
Luminous and non-Luminous Flame. After that, with the
use for both sets of experiments.
use of crucible tong, a piece of wire will be place on fire
with different regions of the flame. And the student will
The first set of the experiment will be heating the
observe and record when the wire is hot enough to be
evaporating dish in different types of flames. First, set
color red.
up the Bunsen burner by connecting the gas tube to the
propane gas and open it, and then light it with a match.
II. Objectives
The first experiment will be labeled as Flame A, close
the air inlet of the Bunsen burner by rotating the collar
A. The purpose of this experiment is to identify the
to have a Luminous Flame. Use a crucible tong to hold
Parts and Functions of the Bunsen burner.
the evaporating dish, and exposed its bottom part to
B. To determine the difference between the
the flame for a minute. And after one minute, observe
Luminous and Non-Luminous Flame.
the evaporating dish and compare before and after of
C. In this experiment, the hypothesis are:
the Flame A experiment. Next will be the Flame B, open
Ho=Luminous Flame will leave black markings
the air inlet by rotating the collar of the Bunsen burner
that mostly covered the bottom part of the
to have a Non-Luminous Flame. And after that, follow
evaporating dish. While the Non-Luminous
the same procedure to Flame A.
Flame will leave minimal marks to the
evaporating dish.
In continuation, the second set of the experiment will
H1= Non-Luminous Flame will leave black
be heating the 2 inches of wire in a different region of
markings that mostly covered the bottom part
the flame of the Bunsen burner. With the use of crucible
of the evaporating dish. While the Luminous
tong, the wire A is the label for the wire that will be
Flame will leave minimal marks to the
placed on the outer cone of the flame, and the students
evaporating dish.
will record the amount of time needed for the wire to
D. After the experiment, the students will be able
turn into red. And the second wire will be labeled as
to determine the application of Luminous and
wire B, and it will be placed to the inner core of the
Non-Luminous Flame in life.
flame using a crucible tong, and record the amount of
E. To locate and determine the differences of each
time needed to turn it into the red. And after this
region of the Bunsen burners Flame.
experiment, analyze and observe the differences of the
F. In this experiment, the hypothesis are:
recorded time for each wire set up.
Ho= the Outer Region of the flame will turn the
wire red hot faster than the Inner Region of the
After the setup of both experiments, keep and dispose
flame.
of the material that is used respectively. And after that,
H1= the Inner Region of the flame will turn the
clean the working area.
wire red hot faster than the Outer Region of the
flame.
V. Data
Table No.1: Luminous and Non-Luminous Flame
III. Materials
 First Experiment
Classification
Before 1 Minute After 1 Minute
of Flame
Luminous
Flame
(Flame A)
Non-
Luminous
Flame
(Flame B)
Based on the table above, it shows that in Luminous
Flame it almost covers the bottom part of the
evaporating dish with black marks after exposing it in a
minute. And for the Non-Luminous Flame, it leaves
minimal numbers of black marks on the evaporating
dish after 1 minute.
Table No. 2: Bunsen burner Flame Regions
Second Experiment
Region of the Flame Time in seconds
Outer Cone (Wire A) 11.54 seconds
Inner Cone (Wire B) 13.50 seconds
In table 2, it shows that the Wire heated in the outer
cone of the flame turns red hot around 11.54 seconds.
While the Wire that was heated in the inner cone of the
flame turned into red hot around 13.50 seconds.
VI. Discussion of Result
In the first experiment, after 1 minute, both evaporating
dish shows differences. In Flame A, it is a Luminous
Flame that has a color orange flame. It is considered as
incomplete combustion because all of the reactants are
not consumed. And because of this, there is an
insufficient amount of air that mixes in the barrel and
this causes to leave dark/black marks on the heated
surfaces. In Flame B, it is a Non-Luminous Flame that
has a color blue flame. It is considered as complete
combustion because all of the reactants are consumed.
But in this experiment, Flame B shows a few numbers of
black marks, that there are instances that reactants are
not totally consumed. But in general, Blue flames do not
leave any marks, and orange flames leave dark marks.
For the second experiment, it showcases two different
regions of the Bunsen burner flames and their
differences. Wire A is placed to the outer cone of the
flame, and it turned red hot around 11.54 seconds. And
the Wire B is placed to the Inner Cone of the flame and
it takes around 13.50 seconds to become red hot. This
explains that the Outer cone is hotter than the Inner
Cone since Wire A is ahead of 1.94 seconds to the Wire
B to turn into a red hot.
VII. Conclusion
In this experiment entitled Bunsen burner, it all focuses
on the Parts and Functions of a Bunsen burner, the
types of flames that can be used, and the different
regions of the Bunsen burner flame. For the first
experiment, it showcases how the types of flames,
Luminous, and Non-Luminous Flame, differ from each
other. Luminous Flame (Orange Flame) is considered as
incomplete combustion due to an insufficient amount of
air, as a result, it leaves black marks on the surfaces.
And Non-Luminous Flame (Blue Flame) is considered as
complete combustion because there is a sufficient
amount of air entering the air Inlet, and does not leave
black marks (for some instances, it leaves minimal black
marks). And because of this, the alternative hypothesis
is rejected and the Null hypothesis is accepted stating
that Luminous Flame leaves black markings that mostly
covered the bottom part of the evaporating dish. While
the Non-Luminous Flame leaves minimal marks on the
evaporating dish. This experiment can be applied to the
best type of flame for cooking. To avoid black marks in
the kitchen wares and maintain its aesthetic designs.
For the second experiment, it showcases two different
kinds of the region that can be found in the flame of the
Bunsen burner. The Outer Cone of the Flame is
considered as the second hottest region in the flame.
And the Inner Cone is the coolest region of the flame
because this is the zone of the unburned gasses. With
this, the alternative hypothesis is rejected and the null
hypothesis is accepted stating that the Outer Region of
the flame will turn the wire red hot faster than the Inner
Region of the flame.
VIII. Reference
Bauer, P. (2020, May). Bunsen burner. Retrieved
October 7, 2020, from
https://www.britannica.com/science/Bunsen-
burner
Samuel Science E-Portfolio. (n.d.). Bunsen burner and
Types of Flames. Retrieved October 7, 2020,
from https://sites.google.com/site/samuelscien
ceeportfolio2/term-1/bunsen-burner-and-
types-of-flames