Kapepnna B. Boio B. *Knakux H. 100 TEM AHTJIMMCKOTO YCTHOTO v7 BAO-ITPECC Mocxsa 2002BBE. 81432 1-9 K12 Kasepuna B., Boiixo B., Kuzxux H. 100 tem axraniicxoro yetuoro. — Mocxsa: 3AO K12_ «BAO-IIPECC», 2002 - 192 c. ISBN 589-886-005-3 Noco6ue — ato cGopHnk pasHoobpa3Hbix ycTHbIX Tem aHranit- ckKoro si3bika win yyaunxca 5-11 Knaccos. ‘Temsl nogo6paHbl M1 CHCTeMaTH3MpOBaHbI B COOTBETCTBUH C TporpamMoii cpeaHeli O6eo6paszoBaTeNbHON WIKONDI. Kaxkgan Tema cHa®>keHa HEOOXOAMMBIM COBApHbIM MaTepHaoM, Tlepevo0M, KOHTPONbHBIMM BOTIpocaMH. BBK 81.432.1-9 K12 » ISBN 589-886-005 3 ©3A0 «BAO-MPECC», 1999, cocTapeHve, ocpopMieHueEnglish is the Language of Communication «Do you speak English?» — with this phrase begins the conversation between two people, that speak different languages and want to find a common language. It’s very good when you hear: «Yes, I do», and start talking. People of different countries and nations have to get along well with the progress in world trade and technology as well as with each other. So it is very useful to learn foreign languages. Knowledge of foreign languages helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people. English is very popular now. It’s the language of computers, science, business, sport and politics. It’s spoken all over the world. It is the official language of the United Kingdom, Ireland, the United States of America, Canada, Australia. There are more than 1 billion speakers of English in the world. Speaking a foreign language you can read papers, magazines and original books by great writers, watch satellite TV Programs. If you like travelling you can go ahywhere without being afraid that other people will not understand you. English is very important to find a good job. Questions: 1. Do you like to speak English? 2. How many years did you study English? 3. Is it useful to learn foreign language? 4. Is English the official language in the U.S..4.? 5. Does English help you to make friends? Vocabulary: conversation [konvo'seijn] — pasropop common [‘komen] — o6mnit world trade {treid] — muaposasa Topropia to get along with — nagurTs, yxusaTaca foreign [form] — unocrpanHsiit develop {di‘velop] — passusats(ca) science [‘saions] — HayKa satellite [‘seetalait] — crytHak to be afraid — 6oateca zAuraniicnnit 1351 — aspix o6ujenusa «Bu fosopute No-aHriniicku? > — c sTo pass HaUMHaCT- ca o6tienve Mex Ay JI0AbMU, KOTOpEle TOROPAT Ha PasHBIX ABbI- Kax M XOTAT Halitu o6uynit ASBIK AA O6meHUA. «Jia», — um HaumHaete pasrozop. JoqaM pasHbIx cTpaH IIpuXxosuTea yoXUBaTbCA cC Iporpeccom B MApoBoM ToproBse U B TexHOJOrMAx HM APyT c Apyrom. Tlostomy usy4eHve HHOCTpaHHEIX ASLIKOB OUeHS NoesHO. 3HalMe MHOCTpaHHOTO ASEIKA MOMoraeT HaM yKpelUTy ApyxK- 6y 1 BsaMMonoHMMaHHe.” Ceiiaac aurmuiickuit oueHb Monyrapex. Oro ASHIK KOMIIb- yoTepos, Hayku, GusHeca, copra u nommTuKu. Ha anrauiickom TOBOPAT BO BCeM MUpe. OTO obunNatEHBIit asEiK B CoequHeH- Hom Koposesctse, Upnanquu, Coequnenupix Irarax, Kana- ne, Ancrpanun. Bonee ofHoro MuJImMapza W0feH roBopar To- anrauiicun. PasropapnBad Ha aHrmuiicKoM, MoxtHo UMTATS PaseTEI, #Hyp- HaJIbI M TBOpeHHA BeNMKUX MMcaTenel B OpurMHane, cMoT- peTb CIYTHUKoBbIe TeeBHsHOHHLIe Mepegaun. Ecam Bam upa- BHTCH MyTellecTBOBaTS, BEI MOMKeTe OTIPABUTECA KyAa yrog- HO, He Goscb OLITh HEMOHATEIM OcTANbHBIMH. TakokKe BAXKHO 9HaTh AHTIMickui, uTOOBI Haru xopomry1 paboty. How do I learn English Nowadays it’s very necessary to know a foreign language. Knowledge of foreign language helps us to develop friendship and understanding among people. The total number of languages in the world is from 2500 to 5000. English is spoken all over the world and very popular. There is a proverb: «Knowledge is Power.» I agree with it. I study English, because I want to read English books of great writers in origin. I want to communicate with people from different countries, I want to understand their culture and traditions. I like to travel. Speaking English I can travel anywhere, because more than 1 billion people speak English. Ihave a pen-friend abroad. She lives in Sweden. I have much fun writing letters to my swedish friend. How do I learn English? First of all I read a lot. Therc is 4always an Engilsh book on my desk. 1’m trying to learn few new words every day. To remember words better I put them into groups. For example: believe — believer — belief — disbe- lieve. I listen to songs in English and try to recognize the words. I have some tapes and video-tapes in English. I like to watch different satellite TV programs in English. I like studying English. Questions: 1. Why is it necessary to speak English? 2. Is it difficult for you to learn English? 3. Is English popular now? 4. How do you learn English? 5. Do you like studying English? Vocabulary: necessary [‘nesisorI] — Heo6xoquMEIt foreign [‘form] — mHocrpaHHErit knowledge [‘nolidz] — sxaxve develop [di:velap] — passusaTb total [toutl] — o6mu% communicate [ko’mjunikeit] — o6mjaTBca pen-friend — apyr mo mepermcke satellite [‘setolait] — cnyraux Kak 4 u3yuato anrimiickniit a3n1k B nam yun copepmenHo Heobxo_uMo sHaHve MHOCTpaHHO- To a3bika. SHaHMe MHOCTPAHHOrO ASbIKA NOMOTaeT pasBUBATh Apy2x6y 1 loHMMaHHe Mex Ay TOALME. O6ujee aMcN0 AsEIKOB B Mupe — oT 2500 yo 5000. Ha ax- TmiicKOM ToBOpAT Bo BceM MUpe, H OH O4eHE Nonyapen. Ect Takada Hocnopuua: «8Hanue — cuna». Ac Heit cormacna. A usyiaio anrimiickuii, MOTOMy 4TO A XOUy UMTATL Mpous- Be CHUA BEIMKUX AHTIMiicKUx MucaTerel BOpuruHase. A xouy o6MjaTbcs C TIOALMM M3 paSHEIX CTpaH, A XOUy NOHMMATE UX KyJbTypy M Tpaqunun. Mue HpaBuTcs LyTemlecrBoBats. Toxops Ha anrmmiickom, 4 Mory oTIpaBuTbea Kya yroqHo, HOTOMy 4To 6oslee MUIMapsa JoJe TopopaT Mo-aHriMiicky. Y Meus ectb nozpyra no mepenucke B Ilsenuu. Mue ovens HPaBATca DucaTS eit MuchMa.Kak a usy4aio auranitchnit? Tpesxye scero, AMHOTO MNTIIO. Ha MoeM IMCbMeHHOM cTowe BCerga eCTh KHMTa Ha aHTuii- cKOM. A crapaioch BEIYYATS HECKOABKO HOBBIX COB KAN HIT Reub. Uro6t 1yaite Hx salloMMBATS, A pasqensi0 WX Ho rpyt- uit. Hanpumep: BepuTh — Bepytouimit — Bepa — HezBepue. Al cnymtaio necnu Ha anTumiickoM M EITalch y3HaBaTb copa. Y MeHA eCTh HECKOJIBKO ayQMo M BUAeOKacceT Ha AHT- auiickom asbike. Mue HpaBuTCA CMOTpeTb pasIMUHEIe Mepe- 4auM Ha aHTauiickom No cllyTHHKOBOMy TereBHuAeHHIO. Mue HpaBuTca A3ydaTb AHTAMcKH ABEIK. The United States of America (General information) After 350 years of development the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. The USA is the most powerful and highly developed country of the world. The United States of America lies in the central part of North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean. Its eastern coast is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The USA consists of three separate parts. They are the Hawaiian Islands, Alaska and the rest major part of the USA. There are fifty states and district of Columbia. The states differ very much in size, population and economical development. The population of the United States is about 250 million people. What makes the USA the leader of the western world is its economical, political and military dominance over other countries. The United States is a federal republic. The Government is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), “executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court). . There are two main political parties in the USA: the Demo- cratic and the Republican. The flag of the USA is called «Stars and Stripes». The 50 stars — white on ablue field represent the 50 states, 18 stripes represent 13 original English colonies, which in 1776 became independent of England. The capital of the United States is Washington. It was 6named in honor of the first president whose name was George Washington. The biggest cities of the USA are New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Chicago and others. Questions: 1. Where is the US situated? 2, What are the major political parties? 3. Who is the US president now? 4, How many States are there in the country? 5. What is the US population? 6. What is the political structure in the country? 7. What is the capital of the USA? 8. What is the name of american flag? Vocabulary: development — paspuTue to hold — yepxats leading — sezynynit powerful — morynjectBeHHEIi, MOMQHEIL coast — no6epexbe to consist — cocrroaTb to be washed by — omnipatTsca separate — oTjenbubiit dominance — npeo6maqaHue branch — Bets, oTpaciib to divide — pasgenaTs legislative — sakonojaTerbHEIit executive — ucnonHuTenbHBrit judicial — cyze6np1t to represent — npeycTasiaTe Coequnenunie Itats1 AMepukn Coeguuenusie Ilratni AMepukH Docne TpexcoTuATHseca- THJeTHero TepHosa pasBUTUA M0-npexKHeMy yAep2XUBAlT Be- Ayuqwe nosuyMu B sanaqHom mMupe. CIILA — camaa moryme- CTBeHHas M BLICOKOpasBuTad cTpaHa B Mupe. CoequHenuBre Irate 1exaT B eHTparbHol YacTH ceRepo-aMepuKaHCKoro KOHTHHeHTa, 3allaquoe MoGepextbe ombiBaetcn Tuxum oKea- HOM. Bocrounoe noGepextbe ombIBaeTCa ATIAHTHYeCKUM OKe- aHom u MekcukaHcKuM saamBom. 7CIDA cuctoar us Tpex oTJeIbHBIX wacTe: Tapaiickie ocr- poza, Aulscka 4 ocTaybHad Gombmiad wacth AMepuKu. CILIA cocrost us natugecaTu mTaTos uw oKpyra Konym6us. I ratni cubHo OTIMUAIOTCA APyT OT Zpyra pasMepamu, Hacese- HueM MM 9KOHOMMYeCKUM pasBuTuem. Hacenenue CIA cocras- ase Gonee uem 250 MUNATMOHOB 4eOBeK. JIugepom sanaqHoro Mupa zesaet CIILA ux skoHomuuecKoe, MOWMTHUECKOe M BOeHHOe MpeBocxoscTLo Hay APyYTMMu crpaHa- Mu. CILIA — dexepatusuan pecuy61uKa, B KoTOpoit BaacTS pasfelena Ha Tp cocTaBIAIONINX: 3aKOHOAATeMBHYIO BlacTb (Kourpecc CIA), ucnoruurexbuyi0 (upesuyeuT M ero ayMu- uucTpalua) u cyfe6uy1 (Bepxosusrit Cy CILIA). B CIIIA cy- WecTBYIOT ABe OCHOBHBIe MomuTuYecKHe Naptun: JemoKpaTH- ueckaa u Pecny6mmkanckas. nar waserBaioTr «3BesAbI UM MoocH». Tlatazecat GenbIx gBe3qoueK Ha CHHeM (poue oGosHauatoT 50 mTatos, a 13 nono- couek — 13 nepBoHauanbHBIx aHTmMiickux KoNOHHH, KoTO- pbie B 1776 roxy cTamu HesaBHCHMBIMH. Cromuua Coequnenunlx [Traros AMepuxu — Bammnurrou. Ona 6nina HasBaHa B UecT HepBoro mpesugeHta CIA — Z>xopaxxa Baummurrona. Kpynueiiume ropoya CIITA — Hw- Hop, Can-Ppaunucko, Jloc-Anjenec, Wukaro u Apyrue. The USA. Geographical Position. Climate. Rich Resources The United States of America stretches from Atlantic Ocean across North America and far into the Pacific. Because of such a huge size of the country the climate differs from one part of the country to another. The coldest climate is in the northern part, where there is heavy snow in winter and the temperature may go down to 40 degrees below zero. The south has a subtropical climate, with temperature as high as 49 degrees in summer. The continental part of the USA consists of the highland regions and two lowland regions. The highland regions are the Appalachian mountains in the east and the Cordillera in the west. Between the Cordillera and the Appalachian mountains are the central lowlands which are called the prairie, and eastern. lowlands called the Mississi ppi valley. 8There are many mountains especially in the west and south- west. The Rocky mountains extend all the way from New Mexico to Alaska. Many rivers cross the country. The most important are the Mississippi, Missouri, Colorado, Sacramento. The main lakes in the USA are the Great Lakes in the north. The nation’s natural advantages and resources are probably greater than those of any other area of equal size. The land is as varied as it huge. There are plains and mountains, grasslands and forests, sandy soil, clay and rich, dark loams. The mineral resources vary from precious gold and rare uranium to common lead and zinc. Coal, oil, iron, copper and other minerals are abundant. They form basis of modern industry. Questions: 1. Does climate differ from one part of the country to another? 2. How many parts does continental part consist of? 3. Are there many mountains in the USA? 4, What are the most important rivers? 5. Is the USA rich in natural resources? 6. What forms basis of modern industry? Vocabulary: to stretch — npocrupatbca to consist — cocroaTh to extend — mpocruparsca advantage — npeumynjecTBo equal — paBHBlit clay — rauna precious — AparoneHHbiit . CIIA. Teorpatpuyeckoe nonoxenne. Kaumar. Borarsie npupomunie pecypcnr Coegnueuutie [Irartt AMepuku npocruparotea ot ArmaH- TuuecKoro oKeaHa uepes CepepHyio AMepriky Aanexo B Tu- xuit oKeaH. Us-3a orpoMHBIX pasMepoR CTPaHbI KMUMAT OAHOM YacTH CTpaHbI OTIMUYAeTCA OT KNMMaTAa [pyro uacTu cTpaHBI. Ca- 9MBIM XONOAHBI KIMMaT — B CeBepHOM YacTH, re SMO MAyT CHJIbHbIe CHera M TeMIlepaTypa MOKeT onycKaTEca Zo —40". Ha tore kumar cy6rponmueckuit, TeMnepaTypa MOAHUMaeTCA Ko +49° nerom. KourmueutTanbuan uacts CIA cocTout u3 HaropHEIX pait- HOB H AByX HuoOcKoropHAIx paiiouoB. Haroputie pationn — oto Annanaun ua BocToKe u Kopaumbepst Ha sanaye. Mexzy Kopavanepamu uv Autatauamu pactoloxeHo WeuTpasbHOe WAOCKOTOpke, HASbIBAeMOE KipepusAMH, M BOCTOUHOe NAOCcKOro- pbe — Muccucymckas fonmua. OcoGeaHo MHOro rop Ha 3anlaye v4 oro-sanage. CKanucrue POphi TAHYTCH BAOJIb BceM CTpaHbi oT Hbi0-MexcuKo fo Anacku. Muoro pex nepecekaior crpany. HauGonee saxnnie — Muc- cucunn, Muccypu, Konopago, Caxpameuro. nasuste ozepa — Benuxue o3epa Ha ceBepe. Hawnonanpuble npupogubie SorarcrTBa M pecypebl, BEpOATHO, Goubule, 4em Ha 11060 Apyroii TeppuTOpuH Takoro 2ke pasMepa. 3eMIA TAK Ke pasHoobpasHa, Kak HM OTPOMHA: PABHHHE! H Topbl, WacrOuula w Jeca, NeciaHad HowRa, rumua, GoraTEte 1I10- MOpoyHple 3eMIH. Muuepanbuble pecypcbl oven pasnoo6pasH, HawnHan OT 300TA H pexKoro ypaka H Ao OG6ETUHOFO CBMHIA W WUHKA. Yroub, He(pTb, *KeNes0, Meab 4 APYTMe UPMpOAHHe HcKonaembBIe Haxo- Astea B Mso6nAuKH. OHM cry2xaT OcHOBOK coBpemeHHOM mpo- MBILLIJIeHHOCTH. American Symbois The American flag is often called «The Stars and Stripes», it is also called «Old Glory». It represents the growth of the nation. It has 13 horizontal stripes,7 red and 6 white which stand for the original 13 states. In the top left hand corner there are 50 white stars on a blue background: one star for each state. The national anthem of the United States is «The Star Spangled Banner». The words written during the Anglo- American war of 1812—1814 and set to the music of an old song. Every state has its own flag, its own emblem and its own anthem too. The eagle became the national emblem of the country in 1782. It has an olive branch (a symbol of peace) and arrows (a symbol of strength). You can see the eagle on the back of a dolliar bill. 10The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy. It stands on Liberty Island in New York. It is one of the first things people see when they arrive in New York by sea. This National Monument was a present from France to the USA. France gave the statue to America in 1884 as a symbol of friendship. Liberty carries the torch of freedom — in her right hand. In her left hand she is holding a tablet with the inscription «July 4, 1776» — American Independence Day. Questions: . What do people often call American flag? What are the colours of the American flag? How many stripes has the flag got? . What is the national emblem? . Where is the statue of Liberty placed? What country did gift to the USA? Oop wt Vocabulary: to represent — mpeycraBiaTh background — ou anthem — rum eagle — open olive branch — onuskopag BeTouKa to arrive — mupuGn1BaT torch — maken Cumponnr Amepuku Amepukabckuii tbilar YacTo HasbIBaloT «3Be3 [bi H HOJOCEI>, Take HHOrya ¢cTapasd capa». On mpexcraBiner pasBuTue Hanuu. Ha nem 13 ropu30HTanbHbIx MOMOcoK, K3 KOTOpEIX 7 — Kpacuble, a 6 — Genie, KoTOpHe MpegxcTaBiaioT 13 nepBo- HavalbHbIxX mITaToB. B BepxHem seBoM yrsry pactonoxmeHo 50 Gennix sBesqouek Ha rory6om coue: Kazaa sBesza o60- SHauaeT ORME ITaT. Tocygapersenuniit rumH Amepaxu — oTo «YcbinaHHEit sBeaqamu char». Cosa ero ObI1M HalcaHsI BO BpeMA aHrao- amepnkanckol BoiuH 1812 — 1814 rr. a nonomKeH Ha MesO- AMI0 ofHOK crapo# necuu. Y Kaxyoro mTatTa cBok co6cTBeH- HEI ar, cBoli coOcTBeHHEI CHMBON HM CBO cobcTBeHHEIK TUuMH. Opex cram HanvoHanbHoi aMOnemoit crpaHst B 1782 rogzy. ilY Hero ecTb Tak2Ke OJIMBKOBAaA BeTOUKA (CHMBO MUpa) H CTpe- abi (CHMBOJI CHIBI). Opa MOKHO Tak2Ke yBUJeTb Ha OOpaTHoit cTopoHe Josmapa. Crarya Cao6oq5I — cHMBO aMepuKaHcKoli AeMoKpaTuH. Oua crour Ha ocrpose Crobogst 8 Hxio-Mopxe. Korga moqu mpuesmaior 8 Hp1w-Hopx mopem, To Depzoe, uTo oH BAIT — eto crarya CBo6ogn. STot mamaTauk CIITA nonyanan B noga- pox ot Dpanuun & 1884 r. Dpanuua npeno_Hecta DaMATHUK Amepuke Kak cuMBo Apyx6n1. B npasoli pyke y CBoboqEr — cakes cpobognl. B resoit pyke ona JepxKuT TaGmnUKy c HaquH- cbr «4 moma 1776 roza» — Jleub HesaBucumocTu AMepuku. The US Congress The Congress of the United States is composed of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the House represents the population according to its distribution among the states. Each state is guaranted at least one representative in the House. The remainder are apportioned among the states according to their population. The Senate of US is composed of one hundred members — two being elected from each state. Senators are chosen for six years, one-third retiring or seeking is re-elected every two years. Two senators from the same state never finish their terms at the same time, one of them is called «Senior Senator» and the other — «Junior Senator». The presiding officer of the Senate is the Vice-President of the United States. The Vice-President is not a member of the chamber over which he presides and he sometimes is not amember of the party in power. The work of the US Congress is done mostly in different committees. The most important of the Senate committees are Appropriations Foreign Relations, Finance, Armed Services. In the House of Representatives the most important are Rules, Appropriations, Ways and Means, Judiciary, Agricul- ture. The chairmen of the standing committees are considered the real rulers of the Senate and the House. Questions: 1. How many houses are there in the US Congress? 122. What represents the Senate? 3. How many members of Senate are there? 4. Who is the Vice-President? 5. How is the work of the US Congress done? 6. Name the important committees of the Congress. Vocabulary: compose — cocTaBIATS according — cooTBeTctBeHHO retire — yxoQUTb B OTCTAaBKy senior — cTapminit junior — maagmnit chamber — nanata chairman — npegcegatenb Kourpece CIA Kourpece CIA coctout u3 2-x manaT: ceHaTta M MamaTEt mpegcrasutenelt. Cenar npeqcTaBiser UITAaTEI, a cocTaB Ta- arbi mpexctaputene orpaxaeT pacnpesenenue Hacenrenua MexK,y mTatamu. Kaxybiit miTaT uMeeT 10 MeHBIe Mepe OAHOro IpexcTaBUTeA B MasaTe, OCTAaNbHbIe MecTa B Heit pac- TpefeseHbl MexKAy UITATAMM B 3ABMCHMOCTH OT HX Hacese- HHA. Cenar CIILA coctront us 100 uneros, no 2 of Ka yoro mTa- ta. CeHatopbi u3s6upalotca cpoxom Ha 6 eT, ofHa TpeTb us HMX YXOUT B OTCTAaBKy MIM Nepens6upaetcs KaxKEIe WBA Toma. Z[ga cevatopa ofHoro M Toro Ke WITaTa HUKOTAa He BEIXOAAT ¥3 COCTAaBa CeHATAa OMHOBPeMeHHO, OFHOTO HasbIBaloT «ctapmiMit ceHaTop», Apyroro — «Mumaqmuit cexaTop». IIpeycegatens cenata — sune-mpesugent CoequneHHunix Illraros. Buye-npesugext He ABIAeTCA UeHOM CeHaTa, a UHO- Tia He ABJIAETCA JaxKe UNeHOM MpaBaleli napTuu. TlextenbHocTh KoHTpecca OcyljecTBIMeTCA B OCHOBHOM 4e- pes pasmmuntie KOMUTeTH. BaxxHelilIMMu B CeHaTe ABIAIOTCA KOMUTETLI 10 aCCHTHOBAHMAM, MHOCTPAHHEIM JejaM, dbuHaH- caM, BOOpy2{eHHEIM CHaM. B nanate upexcTasutenel BaxHeluiue KOMUTeETEI — Ipo- eLypubiit, mo accurHoBaHuaM, O1oq2KeTHAA KOMHCCHA, IO cy- Aompouspogcrsy, ceeckomy xossitcrBy. 13TIpencezatesu KOMMTeTOB CUMTAIOTCA peabHbIMM DYKOBO- AHTeIAMM CeHaTa H lataThl upexctasurescit. The US Government After its 200th birthday the United States of America still holds the leading position in the western world. A country that has inspired many names — «Land of Opportunity», «Meeting Pot», «God’s Countrys is still referred toa as land of superlatives — «the richest», ethe greatest», «the most». + In size the United States is not the biggest. What makes the USA the leader of the western world is its economic, political and military dominance over other countries. The United States is a parliamentary republic. The Go- vernment is divided into 3 branches: legislative (the US Con- gress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court). There are two main political parties in the USA: the Demo- cratic (symbolize by a «donkey») and the Republican (sym- bolized by an «elephant»). The US president is both head of State and of government. He is elected for a 4-year term. The Supreme Court consists of Chief Justice and 8 Associate Justices who are appointed for life. The Supreme Court is supposed to decide whether a law of the Congress or an executive order of the President is «Constitutional or not». Questions: 1. Is the USA the biggest country in the world? 2. What makes the USA the leader of the western world? 3. Is the USA a parliamentary republic? 4, How many branches is the Government divided on? 5. How many main parties are there? 6. How many people are there in the supreme Court? Vocabulary: leading position — segqyujaa DosunHaA toi inspire — BXOXHOBIATb to refer — o6tacHATS size — pasmMep dominance — npesocxoycTBo 14to divide — pasgenaTb to consist — cocTosTb to decide — pemats Tloxmtuko-aMMHHcTrpaTuBHoe ycTpoiicrBo Coeazvsenupie Irarrr AmepuKn nocie csoero 200 mernero 1o6vilesd No-npexHeMy ylep»KMBAIOT BeAyiHe NOSMIKU B saran- HOM Mupe. O6 oToit crpaHe, NOopoA_uBMIeH MHOMKecTBO TAKUX BAOXHOBCHHEIX HasBaHHit, Kak «CTpaua BosMoxHOcTen >, «ITa- BUIbHL ropH», «Borons6panHad 3eMiA», lo-1pexHemy ro- BOPAT B UpeBocxosHOK creneHu: . The Discovery of America Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. He was born in Italy. His father and both grandfathers were cloth makers. Columbus was a seaman and made many sea voyages. Most people in Columbus’s days thought that the earth was flat and they did not believe that beyond the Atlantic Ocean lay India. In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain 15gave him money to go to India. He decided to sail west as he was sure that our planet was round. There were 3 caravels: the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta. After sailing 4000 miles he reached some land. The crew saw something like a white cliff and cried out: «Tierra! Tierral». Columbus thought that it must be India but it was not. It was a new land — anew continent. It was America. Columbus named the land they had reached San Salvador («Holy Saviour»). People began to speak about the land as «The new World». European people came to the New World for many reasons. Some hoped to find gold and silver. Priests and missionaries came to bring the Christian religion to the Indians. Among those who came for freedom was a small group of English people called Pilgrims. They wanted to start a new life and to have no religious problems they had in England. In 1620 on the ship «Mayflower» they landed in the north-east of America. They set up a colony and called that part of the country «New England». Questions: 1. Who discovered America? 2. King and Queen of what country gave Columbus money for voyage? 3. How many caravelas were there? 4. How did Columbus name the land he had reached? 5. What reasons did European come to New Land for? 6. What do you know about Pilgrims? Orkppitne Amepuxu Xpucrodop Kosym6 orkprin Amepuxy B 1492 r. Ox po- aAusncsa 8 Mranun. Ero ote u 06a AeqyIKu SaHMManucs mIM- TBeM ofengnt. Konym6 61m MopakoM M COBepmIM MHOrO myTeitecTBuit. Bonbumucrszo suogeit B AHM Konym6a nonaranu, uTo Sem- UA Wlockas, U OHM He Bepunu B TO, ¥TO 3a ATmaHTMuecKuM okeaHom sexuT Ungqua. B 1492 rogy Kopoxb u KoponeBa Ucnanuu jan emy Aexpru Ha DoesyKy 8 Maqui. On pemma TJITS Ha 3allay, Tak Kak Obi yBepeH, ITO 3emia Kpyraan. B nyTellectBue OTHpaBHINch 3 KapaBenmEI: «Canta Mapua, «Hana», «Tuuta». [locne toro, kak oHM oporiELH 4000 mua, 16OHM JocTUrmM Kakoit-To seman. Komauya yBugesta 4TO-TO T0- xomee Ha Gezyio cKally M 3akpH4uana: «Semual 3emua!l» Ko- ayM6 nogxyMas, uTo sTo ZouwKHa O11Ts Magus, Ho oTo Stina He ona. STo Sima HOBAH SeMIA, HOBEI KoHTHHeHT. Dro Gra Amepuxa. Kosrym6 HasBas semMJ10, KoToOpoii on JocTuraM, Can Cannpayop («CaaToi cnacutenb»). Jliogm cranM ropopuTs 06 ato seme Kak o Hozom Crete. Esponeinnr upuesxanu B Hopsrit Cpet 0 pasHbIM npH- uunam. Hexorophie Hagesnuch Halitu son0To unm cepe6po. CaameHHUKM M MUCCHOHepE UpwesxKanu, uTOGEI UpuHecTH xpucrvancTBo uuAeiinam. Cpezu Tex, KTO npMesxKan 3a CBO- 6opoi, 6hIa ManeHbKaK rpylitia aHTIMIAH, NpO3BAHHEIX IM- aurpumamu. Onn XoTeNu HawaTh HOBY10 %KXUSHb MW HauAaTh ee 6e3 pemMrMosHEIx mpo6.1eM, C KOTOPEIMM OHM CTOMKHYINCE B Aursuu. B 1620 na Kopa6e «Moiibnays» on BIcaquMch Ha cepepo-BocToKe AMepuku. OHM OcHOBaIM KONOHMIO M Ha- sBaqu oTy YacTb crpanbt Horas Aurmus. Washington D.C. The beautiful city of Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States and the centre of its government. The capital was named after the first president George Washington and was founded in 1790. It is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. Washington is not the largest city in the USA. It has a population only 900 000. Washington D.C. has nothing characteristically American in it, as its conception is purely French. It has long wide avenues, gardens, beautiful parks and no skyscrapers at all. Washington is the residence of the President and the Con- gress of the USA. The White House is the President’s residence, the Capitol — the seat of the American Congress. The largest and the tallest among the buildings is the Capitol with its great House of Representatives and Senate Chamber. There are no scyscrapers because no other building must be taller than the Capitol. All american presidents except George Washington (the White House was not yet built in his time) have lived in the White House. It was built in 1799. Washington is a large scientific and cultural centre, where there are many research institutes, five universities, the Na- tional Academy of Science and the Library of Congress. 17There is one more well-known building in Washington — Pentagon, the residence of the US Military department. It is situated in the suburbs to the south of the Potomac. Questions: 1. What is the capital of the USA? 2. Who was the first President of the USA? 3. Is White House situated there? 4, Did George Washington live in the White House? 5. Name the famous buildings in Washington. 6. Is there any industry in Washington? Vocabulary: to be founded — GzrTb ocnosaHHEIM conception — NoHATHSA, 3aMbicex skyscraper — HeGockpe6 except — 3a uck0ueHHeM suburb — mpuropog Bawmurton Kpacusriii ropox Banimmurron — cromuga CILIA u neutp ero napmamenta. Cromuny HasBanu B YecTb WepBoro mpesu- Reura JI>xopzoxa Bantuurroua. Ona Onima ocHoBaHa B 1790 rony. Cronura pacnonoxena Ha pexe Iloromak B urate Koxym6ua. Batiuurrou He caMblit orpoMHETit ropog B CIA. Ero nacene- Hue focTurno rum 900 000 uenoBex. B Bammartone HeT Huuero xapakTepHo aMepuKaHcKoro. Ox noctpoex B uNcTO dpaHnysckom cTume. Tam ecTb .1MH- Hble WIMpoKMe YIU, CALL, KpacwBEle TapKU M BOobMe HeT HeGockpeGos. Baniuurros — pesugentiua upesujenta u kourpecca CIMA. Benprit yom — pesuyenuna upesugenta, Kanwromuit — mecro, rme saceqaeT aMepHKaHcKHi KoHTpecc. Camoe bombo. H ca- Moe BLiCcOKoe 3fjaHue cpequ sfaHuit B ropoze — Kanntonnit c HanaTow upeActaputerel u c cenatom. Tam Het He6ocKpeGos, HOTOMY YTO HU OfHO Apyroe sane He JonxHO GxITS BEITTE, uem Kanutonuit. Bee amepnkauckue npesHfeHuTEI, 3a HCKI0- uenuem J>xopaoxa Barmuurroua (Besbtit Jom He GbLM ene 0- cTpoen B ero BpeMa), 2k1I10 B Besiom gome. Ou 651m nocTpoeH B 1799 rogy. 18Bauimurrou — 370 BaxXHBIi HAYUHEIM A KYISTYPHBIM WeHTp, Tye €CTh MHOYO MCCeROBATeCIECKUAX MHCTUTYTOB, 5 yHuBepcuTe- vos, HanwonasbHad akajlemua HayK, 6u6.1MoTeKa kourpecca. B Banmurroue ecrs ene of Ho sHaMeHHTOe 3faHue — Ileu- varoH, pesuzennua Muuucrepcrsa BoeHHEIx gen. Ono pacno- o*eHO B Upuropose, Ha tor oT oromaka. New York New York is one of the largest cities in the world and the biggest seaport. It’s the financial capital of the country. It’s the business centre of the United States. The city is situated in New York State, at the mouth of the Hudson river. It’s population is over eight million. In early times the New York area was populated by Indians. It is here in Wall Street many business offices, banks and world famous New York stock exchange are situated. New York is an industrial and cultural centre of the country. The most important branches of industry are those producing vehicles, glass, chemicals. New York is also a great cultural centre. It has many museums, art galleries, theatres. There are two world-famous streets in New York — Broadway and Fifth Avenue. Broadway is the centre of the theatres and night life. Fifth Avenue is the great shopping, hotel and club avenue. The Empire State Building is at Fifth Avenue. It’s a 102- storeyed building, was built in 1931. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is at Fifth Avenue. It includes hundreds of world famous masterpieces and attracts many visitors. The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy. i¢ stands on Liberty Island in New York port. Liberty carries the torch of freedom in her right hand. In her left hand she is holding a tablet. with the inscription «July 4,1776+ — American Independence Day. ‘Today New York City is informally called «The Big Apple». The origin of this name is unknown, but it is popular all over the world. Questions: 1, Is New York a capital of the USA? 2. Where is New York situated? 8. Is New York an industrial centre? 194, What are the two world — famous streets in New York? 5. What is the nickname of New York? 6. Would you like to visit New York? Vocabulary: stock exchange — 6up>xa vehicles — cpegcrso nepeaByoKeHnA include — BkmouaTB masterpiece — meyesp torch — cbaxen Hsto-Mopx Hew-Mopx — ogun u3 camerx Sompmux TOpofoB B MUpe H OME M3 caMEIX GombIIMXx NopToB. Oto — dbunaHcoRas cTom- ya crpaubt. Ito — 6usHec-meutp Amepuxu. Topog H»wo-Mopx Haxogutea B uItate Hsw-Mopx, 8 yerse pexu 'yq30un. Ero na- ceyleHue cocranisert Gonee 8 MUIMOHOB. Paubme trepputopun Hz10-Mopxa 6n11a sacenena uHpetTaMn. 9To UMeHHO 3yeck, HA Yous-cTput, pactionoxexo MHoro o*rcos, GaHkos H BCeMUpHO HSBeCTHEIX (POHAOBEIX Ouprxt. He1o-Mopx — npomsrmyenuntit, kynpTypHtiit nenTp cTpa- HEI. HanGonee BaxkHEIe OTPACIM SKOHOMUKH — dTO Te, KOTO- ple NPOUsBOLAT cpeACTRa NepeABUxKeHUA, CTeKNO, XUMUKA- Ter. Takoxte Hp10-Mopr apiaerca 6onbiiMM KyAbTypHBIM DeH- TpoM. S3yecb ecTL MHOro MyseeB, XYTO*KeCTBEHHEIX Pasepeit, Te- atpos. J[ze BceMUpHO usBecTHEIe yrunEI, Bpogzeit u 5-4 Ase- HIO, TOKe HAXOMATCA Bech. BpopzBeli — oTo MecTo cKonseHUA Tearpos M HOUHON xH3HH. 5-a ABeHIO — MecTo, re ecTb Mara- SMHEI, rOCcTHHMIBI HM Ky6st. Ha 5-it Apenio Takoxe HAXOZUTCA Omnaitp — Cretir — Bunguur. Sto 102-aTaxHoe sganne 6410 mocrpoeno B 1931 roxy. Myseit uckyccts Merpononuten — Tome Ha 5-i Aseuio. On BKIIOUAeT B CeOA COTHU MMPOBEIX Ite- HeBpor M IpuBreKaeT MHOrO oceruTeselt. Crarys CBoGozbl — cHMBOI aMepHKaHckoii JeMoKpaTuu. Oua crout Ha ocrpose Csobozst B Hew-Mopkekom mopry. Cxo6oxza RepxXUT B OMHOM pyKe daken cBobosbI, a B Apyroé pyke — taOmmuky c Haguuchio «4 uiona 1776 roa» — Teun HesaBicumocTu AmepuKkn. B uamm gun Hew-Mopx uacro HetbopmanbHo HagbIBaloT «Bompitoe s6n0K0». Ipoucxox enue sTOrO UMeHM HeMsBecT- HO, HO OHO NOMy.1ApHO Bo BceM Mupe. 20Independence Day On July 4 the Americans celebrate their national holi- day — Independence Day. The United States gained inde- pendence as a result of gradual and painful process. By the mid 1700’s, it became difficult for thirteen British colonies in the New World to be ruled by a king 3000 miles across the ocean. The British empire imposed high taxes upon the colonies. In 1774, the First Continental Congress drew up a list of grievances against the British crown. This document was the first draft of the document that would formally separate colonies from England. In 1775, the Revolutionary War began. On July 2, 1776, the Second Continental Congress presented a second draft of the list of grievances. On July 4 the Continental Congress approved the Declaration of independence. But the War of independence lasted until 1783. After the war Independence Day became an official holiday. On July 4, Americans have holiday from work. People have day-long picnics with favorite foods like hot dogs, ham- burgers, potato salad, baked beans. Lively music is heard everywhere. People play baseball or compete at three-legged races or pie-eating or water-melon-eating contests. Some cities have parades with people dressed as the original founding fathers who march to the music of high school bands. In the evening people gather to watch firework displays. Wherever Americans are around the globe they will get together to celebrate Independence Day. Questions: 1. When do Americans celebrate Independence Day? 2. Was the process of gaining independence easy? 8. What was the draft of the Declaration of independence? 4, When was the Declaration of independence approved? 5. Do Americans work on this day? 6. What is the traditional July 4 meal? 7. What activities are popular on this day? Vocabulary: independence — nesapucumocTB to celebrate — npa3qHoBaTb 21gradual — nocrenenuniit painful — 6onesHeHHEIit to impose taxes — o6naraTb HanoramMu grievance — mpeteusua draft — mpoext Revolutionary War — soitHa 3a HesaBMcuMocTb War of independence = Revolutionary War Continental Congress — KoHTHHeHTaIbHbIM KOHTpecc to approve — yTBepAuTb Declaration of independence — JIexnapanua HesaRncumMocTA tree-legged races — Ger Halleperouku B Napax; y Kaxzou Mapbi {Be HOM CBASAHBI pie-eating/water-melon-eating contests — copesHoBaHne, [eb KOTOpOro cbecTh Kak MOKHO Gonbie NMpora HIM apby- 30B founding fathers — orupi-ocHopaTemu firework — deteppepK Tleut HesaBucumocru 4 mova aMepHKaH! UpasqHyIoT cBoli HaljMoHaIbHBIi 1pas- qHuk — Jlex Hesapucumoctu. Coequnennpie [rarsr nosy- UBIIH HE3ABMCHMOCTS B pe3syJIbTaTe ZoONToro u SonesHeHHOTO upouecca. K cepequne XVII seka 418 TpuHaguaTu GpuTancKHx komoHHia B Hozom Crete crana Heyqo6HO cucTeMa, Ip KoTO- pol uMM yupaBnan Koponb, Haxozammiics B 3000 Munax 3a oKeaHom. Bpvtakckas uMiepHa 06702%H1a KOOHMM BICOKM- ‘MM Hasloramu, B 1774 rogy Tlepssiit KoHTHHeHTAaIbHLIM Kourpecc cocTa- BHUJ CHMCOK Nperensuli K 6puranckoii Kopoue. Dror FoKyMeHT cTaJI MepBbiM IpoeKToM JOKyMeHTa, KoTOpEIi obunnaIbHO oTyexu1 KooHun oT Bputranuu. B 1775 roxy Hatanach BoitHa 3a HesaBHcuMocts. 2 wong 1776 roga Bropot KonTHHEHTANL- unit KoHrpecc yrBepyun Jleknapanuio Hesapucumoctu. OqHa- Ko Bova 3a HesaBUcUMoOCcTh Upopommasach 20 1783 roa. Mocse BowHEI JleHb He3ABHCHMOCTH CTA O*PANMAIbHEIM NpasqeuKom. 4 wong y aMepukaHnes BEIXogHOu. Jlioqu ycTpaMBaloT THKHUKH Ha Bech Jens c 06uNEIMH 6.O,aMu: XOT-AoTaMH, ram6yprepamu, KaprodesbHBIM caslaToM, NeyeHbimu 6o6amu. Bese crbiitHa Becesaa Myshika. Jlxoqu urpaior B Geiic6on nin copeBHyl0TCa B roHKax Ha Tpex HOrax WH B COCTH38aHAX, KTO ebecT Gombe Nuporos umm ap6yson. B HekoTopsix roposzax 22