Date: Experiment # 2 Roll No.

PE-426 Digital Control System

The analyze the open or closed loop discrete time control system in term of stability and design specification.
Attainment
CLO Statement↓ Score→ Exemplary (5) Proficient (4) Developing (3) Beginning (2) Novice (1)
Target
1. Arranged the equipment
accordingly
2. Performed the procedure
accordingly
Follow instructions 3. Explains the results properly Follow any 4 Follow any 3 Follow any 2 Follow any 3
1 to complete your 4. Has taken sufficient readings points. points. points. 1 point.
tasks. to complete the given tasks
5. Did not followed wrong mean to
present his/her work
-2 points for late submission
1. Has completely followed safety
rules of lab
Practice the rules 2. Has does his work and also helped
3
Follow any 4 Follow any 3 Follow any 2 Follow any
2 and regulations of others
points. points. points. 1 point.
lab 3. Has kept his work station neat
4. Has participated in discussion
5. Worked as a member of tem
 NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

Experiment # 2: To trace output response of given state space model and respond to its
stability
Apparatus:
 Personal computer
 MATLAB software

Theory
In control engineering, a state-space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system
as a set of input, output and state variables related by first-order differential equations or
difference equations. State variables are variables whose values evolve through time in a way
that depends on the values they have at any given time and also depends on the externally
imposed values of input variables. Output variables’ values depend on the values of the state
variables.
The "state space" is the Euclidean space in which the variables on the axes are the state variables.
The state of the system can be represented as a vector within that space.
To abstract from the number of inputs, outputs and states, these variables are expressed as
vectors. Additionally, if the dynamical system is linear, time-invariant, and finite-dimensional,
then the differential and algebraic equations may be written in matrix form. The state-space
method is characterized by significant algebraization of general system theory, which makes it
possible to use Kronecker vector-matrix structures. The capacity of these structures can be
efficiently applied to research systems with modulation or without it.

Commands Function
Sys = ss(A,B,C,D) Converts the given matrices in state space
model
 Sys = ss2tf(A,B,C,D) Converts the given state space model into
transfer function
Sys = tf2ss(A,B,C,D) Converts the given transfer function into space
model
[r,p,k] = residue(num,den) It decomposes the given partial fraction in
residue, poles and direct term of fraction.
[num,den] = residue(r,p,k) Converts expanded fraction into polynomial
coefficients.

Task 1: Use the above commands to trace the results as done by the example.