NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan

Department of Electrical Engineering

PE426Digital Control System Mid Term Exam

Wednesday, August 13, 2020 Total Time: 60Minutes
Total Marks: 50
Course Instructor
Engr. Hassan Khalid
________________
Signature of Invigilator

2k16 ele 104power 1. .

Roll No Section Signature

DO NOT OPEN THE QUESTION BOOK OR START UNTIL INSTRUCTED .

Instructions:
1. Verify at the start of the exam that you have a total of one (1) questions printed on three(3) pages including
this title page.
2. Attempt all questions on the question-book and in the given order and same part number else it will be
considered wrong.
3. Read the questions carefully for clarity of context and understanding of meaning and make assumptions
wherever required.
4. Detailed working is required for all questions as per requirement. Else marks will be deducted.
5. Use only permanent ink-pens, submit your work in word file and use only A4 paper
6. The paper starting time will be exactly at 10 am on 13 Aug 2020.
7. You should have your own calculator. A4 white sheets. 
8. You must ensure your internet connectivity, teams and whats app number.
9. You must remain present during exam session.
10. 15 min will be given as per rule for paper submission without penalty. However, the portal will remain
open from exam opening till ending to avoid inconvenience. You can submit your exam within one hour at
max after exam completion with penalties.
11. Any unfair mean will lead to cancellationof your exam. Partially or full copied paper will be cancelled
12. Must submit your paper using word file only, other format is not acceptable.
13. Mention your name and roll no. on each page of your answer sheet and save file in your roll no.
Q-1 Q-2 Q-3
Total
CLO 1 CLO 1 CLO 2
Total
30 10 10 50
Marks
Marks Obtained

Taxonomy
CLO No. CLO Statement Domain
Level
1 Follow instructions to complete your tasks. Psychomotor 3
2 Practice the rules and regulations of lab Affective 4

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

Note: Draw the figures where necessary

Task CLO Marks

Figure 1

Question Declare the system of your own Gs and trace the following responses using
[1] (30)
1 fig. 1
Roll no. 2K16-ELE-02 To 2K16-ELE-39
To trace the step and impulse response of the given system transfer function
Task 1 5
using MATLAB
To trace state space model and respond to its stability using MATLAB for
Task 2 5
question 1.
Task 3 To reproduce the response of the discrete time systems using Simulink 5
Task 4 Trace The Root Locus Analysis of Discrete Time Systems 5
Trace the response of discrete time system using PI controller. It should
Task 5 10
have %O.S = 2 %, Ts = 2 sec.
Roll no. 2K16-ELE-42 To 2K16-ELE-142 & 2K15-ELE-94
To trace the step and impulse response of the given system transfer function
Task 1 5
using MATLAB
To trace state space model and respond to its stability using MATLAB for
Task 2 5
question 1.
Task 3 To reproduce the response of the discrete time systems using Simulink 5
Task 4 Trace the response of lead compensator for discrete time system 5
Trace the response of PID Controller Design using Ziegler-Nichols Method.
Task 5 10
State necessary assumptions.

Question
Viva [1]
2
For All Students
Practice the rules and regulations of lab
[2] 5
All the instructions mentioned in this exam serves as rules and regulation

*state table where necessary

Prepare the report and submit your proper results in following order
 Theory
 procedure
 results & discussion
 conclusion

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

PE 426 – Digital Control System

Proficient Developing Beginning Novice Attainment
CLO Statement↓ Score→ Exemplary (5)
(4) (3) (2) (1) Target
1. Arranged the equipment
accordingly
2. Performed the procedure
accordingly
Follow instructions to 3. Explains the results properly Follow any 4 Follow any 3 Follow any 2 Follow any
1 3
complete your tasks. 4. Has taken sufficient readings to points. points. points. 1 point.
complete the given tasks
5. Did not followed wrong mean to
present his/her work
-2 points for late submission
1. Has completely followed safety
rules of lab
2. Has does his work and also
Practice the rules and helped others
Follow any 4 Follow any 3 Follow any 2 Follow any
2 points. points. points. 1 point.
3
regulations of lab
3. Has kept his work station neat
4. Has participated in discussion
5. Worked as a member of tem
Task 1

To trace the step and impulse response of the given system transfer function using MATLAB:

Syntax
clc
clear all
close all
num=[1]

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

dem=[1 1]
s=tf('s')
G=TF(num,dem)
step((1/s)*G)
figure
cnum=[1]
dem=[1 1 ]
s=tf('s')
G=TF(num,dem)
step(G)
figure
num=[1]
dem=[1 1]
s=tf('s')
G=TF(num,dem)
step((1/s^2)*G)
figure
num=[1]
dem=[1 1]
s=tf('s')
G=TF(num,dem)
step(((1/s)*s)*G)

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

n=[4 5]

d=[4 4 8]

g=tf(n,d)

step(g)

s=tf('s')

nu=[4 5]

de=[4 4 8]

g=tf(nu,de)
impulse(g)

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

Theory:

In signal processing, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input
signal, called an impulse. More generally, an impulse response is the reaction of any dynamic system in response to some external change.

Step response:
the output of a device in response to an abrupt change in voltage.

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

Task 2:

Syntax

A = [-1.5,-2;1,0];
B = [0.5;0];
C = [0,1];
D = 0;
sys = ss(A,B,C,D)

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

State space model in control system:

Modeling. (1 by n) determine the relationships between the state variables and the input and output. ... A state-space representation can also be used
for systems with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO), but we will primarily focus on single-input, single-output (SISO) systems in these tutorials.

Task 3
To reproduce the response of the discrete time systems using Simulink:

Theory:

The discrete-time system models are representational schemes for digital filters. The MATLAB® technical computing environment supports several discrete-time
system models, which are described in the following sections:

Code:
b = [2 3 4];
a = [1 3 3 1];
q = roots(b)
p = roots(a)
% Gain factor
k = b(1)/a(1)
bb = k*poly(q)
aa = poly(p)
b = [-4 8];
a = [1 6 8];
[r,p,k] = residuez(b,a)
imp = [1 0 0 0 0];
resptf = filter(b,a,imp)
respres = filter(r(1),[1 -p(1)],imp)+...
filter(r(2),[1 -p(2)],imp)

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

Task 4
Trace the response of lead compensator for discrete time system
clear all
close all
% task 1
num=[3 1]
den=[3 2 1]
T=tf(num,den)
s=tf('s')
[A,B,C,D]=tf2ss(num,den)
Sys=ss(A,B,C,D)
[r,p,k]=residue(num,den)
pzmap(T)
% Task 2
figure
num=[1 2]
den=[3 4 5]
T=tf(num,den)
s=tf('s')
[A,B,C,D]=tf2ss(num,den)
Sys=ss(A,B,C,D)
[r,p,k]=residue(num,den)
pzmap(T)
% Task 3
figure
num=[4 8]
den=[1 6 8]
T=tf(num,den)
X=feedback(T,1)
s=tf('s')
[A,B,C,D]=tf2ss(num,den)
Sys=ss(A,B,C,D)
[r,p,k]=residue(num,den)
pzmap(T)
% Task 4
figure
num=[4 8]

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering
den=[1 6 8]
T=tf(num,den)
h=tf(num,den)
y=series(T,)
s=tf('s')
[A,B,C,D]=tf2ss(num,den)
Sys=ss(A,B,C,D)
[r,p,k]=residue(num,den)
pzmap(T)

Task 5
A recent opinion piece published in the trade magazine Control Engineering proposed that the
Ziegler-Nichols tuning rule would serve as the basis for a coming new generation of PID
technology: "Improved performance, ease of use, low cost, and training will put Ziegler and
Nichols in the driver's seat..." [1] Well, maybe so, but it seems to us that Ziegler-Nichols tuning is a very limited technology that is unlikely to be
successful in that role. The rest of this article will explain why, exploring how to use the rule and where things can go wrong.

1. The ratio of output level to input level at low frequencies determines the gain parameter K of the model.
2. Observe the frequency Fu at which the phase passes through -pi radians (-180 degrees). The inverse of this frequency is the period of the
oscillation, Tu.
3. Observe the plant gain Kc that occurs at the critical oscillation frequency Fu. The inverse of this is the gain margin Ku.
4. Apply the frequency Fu to the plant first order lag terms to solve for the model's a term.

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering
5. Evaluate the phase shift of the lag stage by substituting Fu into the first-order lag model.

6. The rest of the 180 degrees of phase shift are assigned to the pure time delay term.

In practice, you don't need to construct the complete model, and you can stop after completing step 3 above.

loop gain Kp = 0.6 * Ku = 6.7

integral time constant Ti = 0.5 * Tu = 0.033
derivative time constant Td = 0.125 * Tu = .0083

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 NFC Institute of Engineering& Technology, Multan
Department of Electrical Engineering

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