Slum Free City Plan June 29

2015
of Action, Ludhiana
Municipal Corporation Ludhiana

Centre for Urban and Regional Excellence

302, Building No.3, Sona Apartment, Kaushalya Park, HauzKhas, New Delhi – 110016, Ph. 011-26562272
  

Contents  
1.   Process  of  Preparing  the  SFCPOA-­‐Ludhiana  ......................................................................................  12  
1.1.   Stakeholder   workshops   and   meetings   to   prepare   the   ground   for  
beginning  the   processes  and   surveys  required  under  SFCPoA  ..............................  12  
a.   Participatory  Planning  with  the  Community  ...............................................................  12  
1.2.   Spatial  Mapping  of  Slums  .......................................................................................................  15  
a.   Slum  Identification:  .................................................................................................................  15  
b.   Slum  Boundaries  and  GIS  Mapping:  ................................................................................  15  
1.3.   Slum  and  Household  Surveys  ..............................................................................................  17  
a.   Mobile  Application  for  Socio-­‐Economic  Data  Collection  ........................................  17  
b.   Household  Surveys  .................................................................................................................  17  
c.   Data  Quality  Check  ..................................................................................................................  18  
1.4.   Vacant  Land  Survey  ..................................................................................................................  18  
1.5.   Housing  Study:  Analysis  of  Housing  Component  in  Slums  .....................................  18  
2.   Preparation  of   a  City  Profile  .................................................................................................................  21  
2.1.   Regional  Context  ........................................................................................................................  21  
2.2.   City  Profile  ....................................................................................................................................  21  
a.   Demography  ...............................................................................................................................  22  
b.   Administrative  ..........................................................................................................................  22  
c.   Climate  ..........................................................................................................................................  22  
d.   Religious  and  Historical  Importance  ...............................................................................  22  
e.   Education  .....................................................................................................................................  22  
f.   Commerce  ....................................................................................................................................  22  
g.   Housing  in  the  City  ..................................................................................................................  23  
h.   Slum  Households:  Population  and  Demography  .......................................................  23  
i.   Physical  Infrastructure  Profile  ............................................................................................  23  
2.3.   Review   of   Existing   Policies,   Programmes   and   Projects   related   to   Slums   and  
Housing  ......................................................................................................................................................  24  
a.   Ludhiana  Master  Plan  2021  ................................................................................................  24  
b.   City  Development  Plan,  Ludhiana  2021  ........................................................................  24  
c.   Programs  on  Slum  Development  .......................................................................................  25  
d.   Challenges  and  Constraints  in  Preparing  Slum  Free  City  Plan  ...................................  26  
2.4.   Assessment  of  Present  Status  of  Slums:  Primary  Survey  ........................................  26  
a.   Typology  of  Slums  ...................................................................................................................  27  
b.   Slum:  Demographic  Profile  .................................................................................................  29  
c.   Socio-­‐Economic  Profile  ..........................................................................................................  31  
d.   Access  to  Basic  Services  –  ....................................................................................................  35  
2.5.   Community  FGDs  ...................................................................................................................  42  

1  
 
  

2.6.   Slums,  GIS  and  Boundary  Mapping  ..................................................................................  47  

a.   Slum  Validation:  .......................................................................................................................  47  
b.   Base  Map  .....................................................................................................................................  47  
c.   Slum  Mapping  ............................................................................................................................  47  
d.   Spatial  Analysis  of  Slums  in  Ludhiana  ............................................................................  48  
e.   Average  land  holdings  in  slums  .........................................................................................  50  
3.   Categorization  of  Slums  ...............................................................................................................................  51  
3.1   Tenability  Assessment  .............................................................................................................  51  
3.2   Prioritization  of  Tenable  Slums  through  Priority  Matrix  .........................................  52  
a.   Infrastructure  Deficiency  Assessment  ............................................................................  52  
b.   Housing  Parameters  ...............................................................................................................  53  
c.   Tenure  Security  .........................................................................................................................  53  
3.3   Prioritization  Matrix  .................................................................................................................  53  
a.   Matrix  for  Zone  A  .....................................................................................................................  54  
b.   Matrix  for  Zone  B  .....................................................................................................................  54  
c.   Matrix  for  Zone  C  ......................................................................................................................  54  
d.   Matrix  for  Zone  D  .....................................................................................................................  54  
3.4   Matrix  Analysis  ............................................................................................................................  55  
3.5   Formulation  of  Development  Strategy  .............................................................................  55  
a.   In-­‐situ  upgrading  .....................................................................................................................  55  
b.   Redevelopment  .........................................................................................................................  56  
c.   Resettlement:  .............................................................................................................................  56  
3.6   Development  Model  as  per  the  new  AHP  ........................................................................  56  
a.   Tenable  Slums:  ..........................................................................................................................  56  
b.   Un-­‐Tenable  Slums  ...................................................................................................................  56  
4.   Housing  study  ..................................................................................................................................................  58  
4.1   Housing  Supply  trends  for  the  Urban  Poor  .....................................................................  58  
4.2   Assessment  of  Housing  needs  and  demands  in  Ludhiana  ........................................  58  
a.   Classified  typology  of  households  ....................................................................................  59  
b.   Slum  households  in  Ludhiana  ............................................................................................  59  
c.   Proposed  Scenario  for  Year  2021  and  2031  ................................................................  60  
d.   Conclusion  ..................................................................................................................................  62  
4.3   Vacant  Land  survey  ...................................................................................................................  63  
a.   Land  Density  and  Values:  .....................................................................................................  64  
4.4   Supply  and  Demand  Constraints  in  Housing  ..................................................................  64  
4.5   Housing  Typology  based  on  structure  ..............................................................................  66  
4.6   Formulation  of  Slum  Intervention  Strategies  for  all  Prioritized  Slums  ..............  70  
a.   Design  Proposals-­‐  ....................................................................................................................  70  
b.   In-­‐Situ  Upgradation  ................................................................................................................  70  

2  
 
  

c.   Redevelopment  or  Relocation  ............................................................................................  73  

4.7   Slum  Development  in  Ludhiana:  Opportunities  and  Challenges  ...........................  76  
a.   Opportunities  ............................................................................................................................  76  
b.   Challenges  ...................................................................................................................................  78  
5.   Access  to  Basic  Services  in  Slums  of  Ludhiana  ..................................................................................  79  
5.1   Current  need  Assessment  .......................................................................................................  79  
a.   Water  Supply  .............................................................................................................................  79  
b.   Sewerage  .....................................................................................................................................  80  
c.   Roads  .............................................................................................................................................  80  
d.   Drainage  ......................................................................................................................................  80  
e.   Streetlights  ..................................................................................................................................  80  
f.   Housing  .........................................................................................................................................  80  
5.2   Future  Need  Assessment:  .......................................................................................................  81  
5.3   Total  Resource  Demand  for  Slum  Free  Ludhiana  ........................................................  83  
6.   Implementation  Plan  ....................................................................................................................................  85  
6.1   Time  Line  .......................................................................................................................................  86  
6.2   Resource  Availability  ................................................................................................................  87  
6.3   Resource  Funding  to  meet  the  vision  of  SFCPoA,  Ludhiana  ....................................  87  
a.   CSR  Funds  ...................................................................................................................................  87  
b.   Housing  Credit  Fund  ..............................................................................................................  91  
c.   PPP  Arrangements  ...................................................................................................................  91  
d.   Housing  Finance  Options  .....................................................................................................  91  
e.   Group  housing  societies  of  slum-­‐dwellers  ....................................................................  92  
f.   Rental  Housing  or  Housing  on  Hire  Purchase  ..............................................................  92  
7.   Strategy  to  make  Ludhiana  a  ‘Slum  Free  City’  ...................................................................................  93  
7.1   Ludhiana  Vision:  An  Inclusive,  Green  and  Growing  City  ...........................................  93  
a.   Project  Implementation  Agency  ........................................................................................  93  
b.   Community  Mobilization  and  Organization  .................................................................  93  
c.   Approach  to  Slum  Free  Ludhiana  ......................................................................................  93  
7.2   Slum  Development  Strategy  ..................................................................................................  94  
a.   Housing  ........................................................................................................................................  94  
b.   Water  Supply  .............................................................................................................................  95  
c.   Sanitation  Services  ..................................................................................................................  97  
d.   Development  of  Livelihoods  ...............................................................................................  99  
e.   Access  to  Health  and  Education  Services  ...................................................................  101  
f.   Access  to  Social  Security  .....................................................................................................  101  
7.3   Project  Implementation  Unit  .............................................................................................  101  
Annexures  …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….102  

3  
 
  

List  of  Exhibits    

Exhibit  1:  Focused  Group  Discussions  being  held  in  slums   __________________________________  13  
Exhibit  2:  Slum  Resource  Maps  prepared  with  Slum  Communities  _________________________  13  
Exhibit  3:  Ludhiana  slums  and  wards  overlaid  on  the  Satellite  image  _____________________  15  
Exhibit  4:  Arc  Pad  used  to  make  Slum  Boundary  Maps  ______________________________________  16  
Exhibit  6:  Mobile  Survey  Application  _________________________________________________________  17  
Exhibit  8:  Website  for  managing  the  household  data  collection  ____________________________  18  
Exhibit  10:  Urbanization  level  in  Punjab  Districts  ___________________________________________  21  
Exhibit  12:  Types  of  Industries  based  in  Ludhiana   __________________________________________  22  
Exhibit  13:  Employment  and  Turnover  by  Industry  Type  in  Ludhiana  _____________________  23  
Exhibit  14:  Showing  slums  covered  under  BSUP  and  proposed  sites  for  relocation   _______  25  
Exhibit  15:  Sex  Ration  of  Ludhiana  Slums  as  compared  to  Ludhiana  city,  District  and  State  
of  Punjab  _______________________________________________________________________________________  29  
Exhibit  16:  Age  sex  Pyramid  of  Slum  population  in  Ludhiana  ______________________________  30  
Exhibit  17:  Classification  of  Population  based  on  Religion  and  Caste  ______________________  30  
Exhibit  18:  Comparative  analysis  of  Religious  classification  within  Slums  _________________  31  
Exhibit  19:  Education  Profile  in  Slums  _______________________________________________________  31  
Exhibit  20:  Access  to  Education  Institutions  and  Reported  deficiencies  in  Schools  ________  32  
Exhibit  21:Working  Profile  in  Slums  of  Ludhiana  ___________________________________________  32  
Exhibit  22:  Incidences  of  loans  in  Slums  ______________________________________________________  33  
Exhibit  23:  Purpose  of  Loans  as  reported  by  the  Respondents  ______________________________  34  
Exhibit  24:  Repayment  profile  in  Slums  and  Number  of  Households  having  Bank  Accounts
  _________________________________________________________________________________________________  34  
Exhibit  25:  %  of  Personal  ID.  Proofs  __________________________________________________________  35  
Exhibit  26:  Structural  Quality  of  Housing  in  Slums  __________________________________________  35  
Exhibit  27:  Municipal  and  Private  Water  Sources  available  in  Slums  ______________________  36  
Exhibit  28:  Source  and  Duration  of  Water  Supply  in  Slums  _________________________________  36  
Exhibit  29:  Toilet  facility  at  Household  level  _________________________________________________  37  
Exhibit  30:  Typology  of  Household  Toilets  ___________________________________________________  37  
Exhibit  31:  Toilet  Usage  among  Households  having  no  Individual  Toilets  _________________  38  
Exhibit  32:  Toilet  usage  among  Children   ____________________________________________________  38  
Exhibit  33:  Solid  Waste  Collection  and  Disposal  in  Slums  ___________________________________  39  
Exhibit  35:  Drainage  infrastructure  in  Slums  ________________________________________________  40  
Exhibit  36:  Mode  of  transport  used  by  Households  in  Slums  ________________________________  40  
Exhibit  37:  Reported  Illnesses  in  Slums   ______________________________________________________  41  
Exhibit  38:  Healthcare  facilities  opted  in  case  of  Major  Illnesses  ___________________________  41  
Exhibit  39:  Education  Profile  among  Children  in  Slums  _____________________________________  42  
Exhibit  40:  A  sample  FGD  with  one  of  the  slums  in  Ludhiana  _______________________________  45  
Exhibit  41:  Boundary  Map  of  Slums,  Ludhiana  ______________________________________________  47  
Exhibit  42:  Zone-­‐wise  Distribution  of  Slums  _________________________________________________  48  
Exhibit  43:  Geographical  distributions  of  Wards  with  Slums  in  Ludhiana  City  ____________  49  
Exhibit  44:  Geographic  distributions  of  Zones  and  Slums  ___________________________________  49  
Exhibit  45:  The  logical  process  followed  in  determining  the  tenability  of  slums  ___________  51  
Exhibit  47:  population  Growth  in  Ludhiana  City   ____________________________________________  58  
Exhibit  48:  Classified  typology  of  slum  houses  _______________________________________________  59  
Exhibit  49:  Methodology  adopted  for  Assessing  Housing  Demand   _________________________  60  

4  
 
  

Exhibit  50:  Estimated  share  of  slums  as  compared  to  non-­‐slum  households  by  2021  _____  61  
Exhibit  51:  Framework  for  determining  housing  Strategy  __________________________________  62  
Exhibit  52:  Vacant  Lands  in  Ludhiana  _______________________________________________________  63  
Exhibit  53:  Kuccha  house  in  a  Squatter  settlement  in  Ludhiana  ____________________________  66  
Exhibit  54:  Average  Jhuggi  Size  _______________________________________________________________  67  
Exhibit  55:  A  typical  plan  of  Semi-­‐Pucca  houses  in  Slums  of  Ludhiana  _____________________  68  
Exhibit  56:  Proposed  design  for  a  35  sq.m  and  25sq.m  shelter  with  toilet  facility  _________  70  
Exhibit  57:  Model  for  Housing  Upgrade  in  Semi-­‐Pucca  houses  in  Slums  in  Ludhiana  _____  71  
Exhibit  58:  Decentralized  infrastructure  for  Slums  __________________________________________  72  
Exhibit  59:  Layout  of  Housing  ________________________________________________________________  73  
Exhibit  60:  Housing  Block  _____________________________________________________________________  74  
Exhibit  61:  Detail  of  Balcony  __________________________________________________________________  74  
Exhibit  62:  Connection  of  wastewater  to  decentralized  wastewater  treatment  system  ___  74  
Exhibit  63:  Components  of  Decentralized  Wastewater  Treatment  System  (DEWATS)  for  
Group  Housings  ________________________________________________________________________________  75  
Exhibit  64:  In-­‐house  Composting  Facility  for  Efficient  Solid  Waste  Management  _________  75  
Exhibit  66:  Income  Expenditure  Pattern  of  MCL,  Year  2012-­‐14  ____________________________  87  
Exhibit  67:  Decentralized  and  Local  Solutions  for  Water  ___________________________________  96  
Exhibit  68:  Household  Toilets  in  Slums  _______________________________________________________  97  
 
 

5  
 
  

Preface  
 
Rajiv   Awas   Yojana  (RAY),  a  mission  of  the  Government  of  India  launched  in  2011,  aims  to  
create  slum  free  cities   by   supporting   access   of   slum   dwellers   to   shelter   with   property   rights  
and   basic   civic   and   social   services   through   the   upgrading/redevelopment   of   their  
settlements  and  creation  of  affordable  housing  stock  for  the  poor.    The  scheme  is  available  
to  States  willing  to  assign  property  rights  to  slum  dwellers,  proposes  to  address  the  problem  
of   slums   in   a   holistic   and   definitive   way   adopting   a   multi-­‐pronged   approach   focusing   on  
bringing   existing   slums   within   the   formal   system   and   enabling   them   to   avail   of   the   same  
level   of   basic   amenities   as   the   rest   of   the   town.   It   provides   for   a   legal   solution   in   a   bid   to  
retain   an   asset   in   form   of   a   property   that   becomes   the   sources   of   livelihood   and  
employment  of  the  urban  poor,  that  would  result  in  tackling  the  basic  reason  for  failure  of  
many  a  previous  formal  system  that  went  ahead  for  providing  shelter  to  the  urban  poor  and  
checking  growth  of  slums.  The  overarching  aim  of  RAY  is  thus  to  drive  a  fundamental  change  
in   policy   and   reform   in   the   existing   urban   development   systems   to   make   cities   inclusive   and  
equitable.    
 
As   the   first   step   towards   being   slum   free,   cities   must   have   a   vision   or   a   Slum   Free   Plan   of  
Action   (SFCPoA)   that   is   based   on   ground   evidence   –   spatial   locations   and   demographic  
profile   of   slums   and   slum   households   and   an   understanding   of   the   city’s   context,  
institutions,   legislations,   economy   and   resources,   etc.   The   SFCPOA   is   expected   to   do   two  
things;   one,   provide   proposals   for   up-­‐grading/redeveloping   all   existing   slums   with   a  
phased   plan   for   interventions,   financial   requirements   and   human   capacity;   and   two,  
prevent   formation   of   new   slums.   The   SFCPoA   is   to   be   developed   through   community’s  
participation  and  to  include  a  Public-­‐Self-­‐Owned-­‐Partnership   model   to  ensure  its  success.  
Eventually,   cities   need   to   be   supported   by   a   State   legislation   that   enables   assignment   of  
property   rights   to   slum   dwellers.   The   2-­‐stage   process   for   becoming   slum   free   is   described  
below.  

 
 
 
Affordable  Housing  in  Partnership  (AHP),  the  new  scheme  envisages  rehabilitation  of  slum  
dwellers   with   participation   of   private   developers,   promotion   of   affordable   housing   for  
weaker  section  through  credit-­‐linked  subsidy,  affordable  housing  in  partnership  with  public  
and   private   sectors,   and   subsidy   for   beneficiary-­‐led   individual   house   construction   or  

6  
 
  

enhancement.   Under   the   grant,   a   central   grant   of   Rs   1   lakh   per   house   on   average   will   be  
available   under   the   slum   rehabilitation   programme.   Besides,   the   credit-­‐linked   interest  
subsidy   component   will   have   interest   subsidy   of   6.5%   on   housing   loans   up   to   a   tenure   of   15  
years,   for   economically   weaker   sections   (EWS)   and   low   income   groups,   giving   them   a  
benefit  of  about  Rs  2.3  lakh  each.  
 
 
Municipal   Corporation   of   Ludhiana   (MCL)   seeks   to   develop   a   clear   and   comprehensive  
strategy/   Action   Plan   to   make   the   city   slum   free   –   level   up   all   the   slum   dwellers,   create  
inclusion   and   integration,   ensure   housing   and   services’   comprehensiveness,   and   make   the  
city   safe   including   for   the   large   numbers   of   migrant   workers   that   flock   to   the   city   and   live   in  
Self-­‐Ownedly  shared  housing  called  Vehdas  as  part  of  its  plan  for  future  migrants.      
 
Towards  this  end,  MCL  has  entrusted  Centre  for  Urban  and  Regional  Excellence  (CURE),  an  
NGO   working   in   the   field   of   urban   slum   rehabilitation/resettlement,   to   participate   in   the  
development   of   the   SFCPOA   and   to   carry   out   activities   envisaged   in   the   guidelines,  
including:  
 
Survey  activities  
Mapping  activities  
Development  of  Framework  through  Community  Participation  
Formulating  Implementation  Plan  ensuring  people’s  representation  
 
The  approach  used  in  the  development  of  the  SFCPOA  has  been  participatory  involving  slum  
communities   in   every   settlement   for   prioritizing   needs   and   solutions.   Members   of   various  
groups   -­‐   citizens,   vulnerable,   local   NGOs,   elected   representatives;   Self-­‐Owned   sector  
agencies  and  officials  were  involved  in  the  processes  of  preparing  the  Plan.  
 
The   Ludhiana   Slum   Free   City   Plan   envisions   Ludhiana   as   an   Inclusive,   Green   and   Growing  
City;  a  city  that  welcomes  poor  workers  and  creates  decent,  clean  and  pollution-­‐free  living  
environments   for   the   poor   by   mainstreaming   their   low-­‐income   settlements   with   city’s  
infrastructure   with   improved,   in-­‐house,   basic   municipal   services   and   housing;   access   to  
roads,   transport,   schools,   health   care,   food   and   social   security;   and   enhanced   skills   for  
promoting   growth.   Its   approach   to   achieving   slum   free   Ludhiana   shall   be   rights-­‐based,  
equitable,  comprehensive,  inclusive,  socially,  economically  and  environmentally  sustainable  
and  futuristic.    
 
   

7  
 
  

Slum  Free  City  Plan  of  Action,  Ludhiana:  Brief  

Based   on   the   available   data   on   slums,   a   total   of   218   slums   settlements   were   identified   in  
Ludhiana.  Out  of  them  36  settlements  were  found  to  be  upgraded  after  field  visits  to  these  
areas.  Rest  182  slum  settlements  are  distributed  as  under:  
 
  Squatter   Settlements   Unrecognized  colonies   Outside  
settlements   with   Vehdas   MCL  Limits  
inside    
Number   54   9   116   3  

Land   Government   and   Self-­‐Owned   Self-­‐Owned   land   and   Self-­‐owned  

Status   Self-­‐Owned  lands   lands   housing  ownership  

  151  with  land  ownership-­‐legal  titles  

 
Apart,   Ludhiana   also   has   approximately   850   nos.   of   Vehdas   (vehda   is   a   cheap   rented  
accommodation   with   shared   facilities,   holding   anywhere   between   60-­‐300   people)  
accommodating  up  to  2  Lac  population.  
 
There  are  54   Squatter   Settlements  built  on  both  government  and  Self-­‐Owned  land.  There  
are  9   Vehdas  inside  the  settlements  that  are  built  on  Self-­‐Owned  lands,  116   unrecognized  
colonies  built  on  Self-­‐Owned  land  with  housing  ownership  and  36  upgraded  areas  built  on  
Self-­‐Owned  land  with  housing  ownership.  There  are  3   slums   outside   Municipal   Corporation  
Land  limits.  In  all,  151  slums  have  land  ownership  legal  titles.    
 
  Squatter   Settlements   Unrecogniz Upgraded   Outside   MCL  
settlements   with   Vehdas   ed  colonies   areas   Limits  
inside  
Service   Shared,   Networks   largely   available,   connections   Shared,  
Levels   community     missing     community    
Housing   Kuccha     Semi  pucca  and  pucca     Pucca    
Type  
 
In   the   context   of   Service  levels,   the   community   shares   services   in   the   squatter   settlements.  
The   Vehdas   inside   the   settlements,   unrecognized   colonies   and   upgraded   areas   all   have  
networks  that  are  largely  available  but  the  connections  are  missing.  The  slums  outside  the  
MCL  limits  have  access  to  services  on  a  shared  basis  and  the   Vehdas  have  shared  services  
provided  by  the  landlord.    
 
In   terms   of   housing   types,   the   squatter   settlements   have   Kuccha   structures.   The   Vehdas  
inside  the  settlements,  unrecognized  colonies  and  upgraded  areas  all  have  semi  pucca  and  
pucca  structures.  The  slums  outside  the  MCL  limits  and  the  Vehdas  have  puccas  structures.    
   

8  
 
  

  Squatter   Settlements   Unrecognized   Upgraded   Outside   MCL  

settlements   with   Vehdas   colonies   areas   Limits  
inside  
Options   Redevelopment   In-­‐situ   In-­‐situ   De-­‐notify   Include   in  
In   multi-­‐level   upgrading   –   upgrading     MCL  
housing   in   in-­‐ linkages   to     boundaries  
situ   or   near   site   services     Semi   pucca   for  
resettlement     houses   ramped   investment  
  Service   up  to  pucca  
Housing+   networks   All  houses  have  
services+   last   Byelaws   services  
mile   links   to   including  
infrastructure  or   toilets   with  
decentralized   discharge  
systems   system  

 
In  terms  of  options;  for  the  squatter  settlements  the  choices  available  are  –  redevelopment,  
in   multi-­‐level   housing   in   in-­‐situ   or   near   site   resettlement,   housing   and   services   and   last   mile  
links   to   infrastructure   or   decentralized   systems.   For   Vehdas   inside   the   settlements,   the  
alternatives   are   in-­‐situ   upgrading   with   linkages   to   services,   service   networks   and   byelaws.  
For   unrecognized   colonies   the   choices   would   be   in-­‐situ   upgrading,   semi   pucca   houses  
ramped  up  to  pucca  structures  and  all  houses  with  access  to  services  including  toilets  with  
discharge   systems.   The   main   alternative   for   the   upgraded   areas   is   for   them   to   be   de-­‐
notified.  The  slums  outside  the  Municipal  Corporation  Land  limits  should  be  included  in  the  
MCL   boundaries   for   investment   purposes.   Lastly,   the   Vehdas   have   the   options   of   in-­‐situ  
upgrading  by  linkages  to  services,  service  networks  and  byelaws.    
 
Status  of  Infrastructure  
Of  the  182  settlements,  73  settlements  have  100%  water  supply  and  65  have  100%  sewer  
connections.   13   settlements   are   fully   upgraded   with   all   services   and   the   Vehdas   are  
underserved.   Most   of   the   squatter   areas   lack   services   and   from   an   engineering   point   of  
view,  it  may  be  difficult  to  connect  28  slums.    
 
Cost  of  Upgrading  
 
Components   Total  Cost  inclusive  of   The   cost   of   upgrading   infrastructure  
connection   charges   inclusive   of   connection   charges  
(in  Lacs)   amounts  to  the  following  (in  Lacs)  –  for  
Roads   5417.00   roads   it   would   be   Rs.5417;   for   water   –  
Water   1450.00   Rs.1450;   for   sewer   –   Rs.   2322.22;   for  
Sewer   2322.22   drains  –  Rs.  5322.32;  for  street   lights  –  
Drain1   5322.32   Rs.  1093.81.  The  total  amount  would  be  
2
Street  Lights   1093.81   Rs.   26560   with   escalation   (10%)   per  
Social  Infrastructure   3100.00   annum.  
Total   cost   including   26560.00    
cost  escalation      
                                                                                                                       
 
 
 
 

9  
 
  

Housing  Demand  
The   total   numbers   of   Dwelling   Units   that   are   to   be   upgraded   are   11504.   These   are   both  
squatter  settlements  and  kuccha  structures  in  unauthorized  areas.    
 
On   calculating   the   future   demand,   we   find   38000   additional   units   per   decade   based   on  
population   growth   rate   of   the   city,   which   is   at   17%.   Of   this,   about   41%   is   estimated   from  
migration   growth.   Assuming   that   the   Self-­‐Owned   sector   would   continue   providing  
accommodation  to  the  population  in  rental  housing,  it  is  estimated  that  it  will  cover  70%   of  
the   total   estimated   housing   demand.   Rest   30%   (11500)   additional   individual   housing   units  
are  required  to  be  built  by  public  sector  agencies  over  the  next  decade.  
 
The  proposed  housing  construction  cost  borne  by  MCL  would  be  3  lac  per  house  x  ~23000  
units  =  Rs.690  cr.  The  land  required  would  be  155  hectares.    
 
MCL’s  Share  per  annum  as  per  RAY  guidelines  
The   MCL   would   be   required   to   invest   10%   of   the   total   cost   of   Housing   which   would   amount  
to   Rs.106   cr.   In   terms   of   Infrastructure   they   would   be   required   to   invest   20%   of   the   total  
cost  amounting  to  Rs.8.5  cr.  The  total  MCL  share  would  be  Rs.  114.5  cr.  
 
Vacant  Land  
The   land   required   to   cater   to   the   current   deficit  and   for   future   growth  is   155   Ha.   As   per   the  
survey  Ludhiana  has  a  total  of  1478  Ha  of  land  cover  under  Open/Green/Vacant  Category.  
 
Issues  to  be  addressed  
In  conclusion  there  are  certain  issues  that  need  to  be  addressed.  To  begin  with,  upgraded  
settlements  are  required  to  be  de-­‐notified.  The  Vehdas  house  poor  migrants  and  while  this  
is   rental   housing   built   by   the   Self-­‐Owned   sector,   there   is   a   major   lack   of   environmental  
hygiene  in  this  area  due  to  a  lack  of  networked  services.  This  issue  needs  to  be  addressed.  
The  Vehdas  need  byelaws  and  regulation  as  they  are  a  result  of  non  conforming  areas  as  per  
the   Master   Plan.   Lastly,   the   squatter   settlements   are   an   encroachment   on   State   and   Self-­‐
Owned  land  but  they  are  tenable  and  may  be  considered  for  redevelopment.    
 
   

10  
 
  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
SECTION  1:  INTRODUCTION      

11  
 
  

1. Process  of  Preparing  the  SFCPOA-­‐Ludhiana    

The  SFCPOA  for  Ludhiana  has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  the  guidelines  prescribed  
Two   parallel  p rocesses   have   been  followed  in   the   under   RAY.   The   approach   used   in  
preparation   of   the   Plan,   one,   generating   the   the   development   of   this   plan   has  
evidence   for   the   plan   through   surveys   etc.   and,   been   participatory   involving   slum  
two,  engaging  the  stakeholders.     communities   in   every   settlement   to  
understand   local   challenges,   issues  
Stakeholder  engagement  has  included:     and   prioritizing   their   needs.  
•   Interactions  with  all  city  stakeholders     Members   of   various   citizen   forums,  
•   Community  Focus  Group  Discussions     groups   and   corporate   entities   have  
•   Sharing  findings  with  Key  stakeholders   also   been   involved   in   the   processes  
  of   preparing   the   Plan.   Several   other  
Data   has   been   generated   through   the   following   meetings   with   the   elected  
processes:     representatives   and   state/city  
•   Review  of  exiting  d ata  &  programmes     officials   were   held   to   discuss   these  
•   Spatial  Mapping  of  Slums     issues.   The   strategies   proposed   in  
•   Household  Surveys     the   final   plan   are   hence   doable   and  
•   Vacant  Land  surveys       agreeable   to   the   community,   local  
•   Housing  Studies     government  and  civic  body.  
 

1.1. Stakeholder   workshops   and   meetings   to   prepare   the  

ground   for   beginning   the   processes   and   surveys   required  
under  SFCPoA  
 
CURE   has   undertaken   a   broad-­‐based   consultative   process.   This   has   included   interactions  
with   Ward   Councillors,   city   and   state   officials,   local   service   provider   agencies,   corporate  
houses  and  Self-­‐Owned  sector  agencies  and  donor  partners  in  the  city  to  understand  slum  
and  other  city  issues  and  possible  solutions  (see  attached  list).  
 
The   three   primary   stakeholders   of   the   project   i.e.   the   slum   community,   the   public  
representatives  (ward  Councilors)  and  the  municipal  corporation  staff  has  been  periodically  
consulted   before   any   startup   of   an   activity   and   at   the   end   to   disseminate   the   result;   thus  
involving  them  in  all  the  key  stages  of  the  project.  The  people  from  slum  community  have  
been  involved  in  mapping,  slum  survey  and  infrastructure  estimates.  The  same  information  
is   consolidated   and   presented   to   the   respective   ward   councilor   and   the   respective   area  
engineer  to  verify.  Only  over  their  verification,  the  information  is  deemed  final.  A  series  of  
meetings  held  with  the  stakeholders  is  annexed.  

a. Participatory  Planning  with  the  Community  

CURE  has  followed  a  two-­‐step  process  to  engage  with  the  communities  to  prepare  the  plan,  
Community  Resource  Mapping  and  Focus  Group  Discussions.  
Ø Community  Resource  Mapping  
The  best  way  of  getting  to  know  an  area  is  through  its  people.  CURE  undertook  community  
resource  mapping  with  slum  residents  to  get  a  better  understanding  of  the  slum  context  of  
Ludhiana.  The  exercise  was  done  for  all  the  city’s  slums  including  those  that  have  eventually  
been  de-­‐listed.    

12  
 
  

Ø Focus  Group  Discussions  

FGDs   were   undertaken   in   each   slum   for   addressing   key   issues   of   the   urban   poor   living   in  
those   areas.   Different   interest   groups   including   vulnerable   groups   in   the   area   were  
consulted   in   order   to   identify   various   concerns.   Discussions   were   held   to   discuss   issues   of  
water,   roads,   sewers,   toilets,   health,   livelihoods,   education,   access   to   government   schemes,  
etc.   The   discussions   helped   to   prioritize   problems   and   identify   possible   solutions.   Key   issues  
and   their   suggested   solutions   from   all   the   FGDs   were   consolidated   for   a   slum   level.   FGDs  
have   helped   capture   needs   of   direct   beneficiaries   and   ensuring   participatory   planning  
processes.    
 

 
 

 
Exhibit  1:  Focused  Group  Discussions  being  held  in  slums  

             
Exhibit  2:  Slum  Resource  Maps  prepared  with  Slum  Communities  

Ø Sharing  and  Validating  Proposals  

Ideas   and   solutions   emerging   from   the   above   processes   and   CURE’s   experience   of   slum  
upgrading   in   other   cities   have   been   shared   with   the   City   Commissioner   and   his   team   before  
being  made  a  part  of  this  report.    

13  
 
  

Voice  of  Local  Public  Representative  

1. The   support   and   benefits   of   such   scheme   should   be   increased   to   the   people  
who   are   from   marginal   castes,   widows   and   senior   citizens   even   if   they   are  
above  the  poverty  line  but  marginal  as  compared  to  others.      
2. The   councillors   should   be   given   a   fixed   sum   of   fund   for   implementing   small  
activities   like   in   these   bastis.   Also   the   activities   should   be   finalised   with   the  
councillors  as  they  feel  they   can   correctly  represent  people  knowing  the  real  
ground  situation.    
 
Voice  of  Urban  Local  Body  
1. The   slums   in   Ludhiana   are   not   really   the   main   challenge   for   the   city   of  
Ludhiana;  but  Vehdas  are.  It  is  necessary  to  address  the  haphazard  growth  of  
these  irregular  built  up  structures  that  are  Vehdas.  
2. Vehdas  are  to  be  seen  as  a  positive  support  to  the  housing  problem  of  the  city.    
3. The  lack  of  availability  of  land  with  Municipal  Corporation  Ludhiana  can  limit  
the   successful   implementation.   Hence   the   priority   shall   be   given   to   in-­‐situ  
upgrade  slums  wherever  possible.  
4. The  existing  housing  stock  created  under  BSUP  which  have  not  been  allotted  
shall  be  utilized  for  accommodating  RAY.  
5. Since  a  major  part  of  the  housing  need  in  Ludhiana  is  from  Industrial  w orkers,  
the  corporate  houses  must  be  asked  to  contribute  to  slum  upgrading  projects.  
 
Voice  of  Community  
1. Community  accounts  solid  waste  as  the  primary  problem  for  them.  
2. The   absence   of   storm   water   drains   causes   water   logging   for   most   of   these  
settlements,  with  water  standing  for  a  minimum  of  4  days  to  a  week  in  peak  
rainy  season.  This  makes  it  difficult  for  them  to  commute  to  the  city.  
3. A   major   part   of  slum   dwellers  have   individual   and   shared   toilets   with   septic  
tanks   with   an   outfall   in   open   drains,   which   needs   to   be   tapped   for  
environmental  hygiene  of  these  settlements.  
 
Voice  of  Corporate  houses  and  Private  sector  
1. The   corporate   houses   in   Ludhiana   collectively   are   ready   to   give   their   CSR  
money  for  various  slum  oriented  projects.  
2. The  livelihood  component  in  Slum  Free  City  Plan  shall  be  interlinked  with  the  
CSR  activities.  The  private  sector  considers  it  a  good  opportunity  to  train  and  
connect  suitable  candidates  from  slum  to  get  proper  employment.  
3. The  corporate  houses  also  suggest  that  if  the  local  body  comes  along  with  a  list  
of   projects   which   can   be   funded   under   CSR,   they   would   willingly   accept   to  
contribute.    

   

14  
 
  

1.2. Spatial  Mapping  of  Slums  

a. Slum  Identification:    
CURE  has  identified  all  the  slums  in  Ludhiana  using  the  following  process:  
Ø Reviewing  the  existing  slum  list  in  the  city  provided  by  MCL  
Ø Reviewing  the  existing  GIS  map  of  Ludhiana  with  MCL  
Ø Field  verification  of  all  the  existing  slums  
Ø Discussions  with  ward  councilors  and  junior  engineers  to  update  slums  
list  of  their  wards  
Ø On  ground  verification  of  the  added  slums  
Ø Identification   of   new   slums   on   Satellite   image   and  validating   these   from  
respective  ward  councilors  and  area  engineers  
 

 
Exhibit  3:  Ludhiana  slums  and  wards  overlaid  on  the  Satellite  image  

 
Based  on  the  observations  and  field  verification,  the  final  list  of  slums  has  been  prepared  for  
survey   work.   The   slums   were   further   resorted   by   zones   and   wards   to   understand   their  
spatial  spread.  

b. Slum  Boundaries  and  GIS  Mapping:    

The   Town   and   Country   Planning   Department’s   map   of   Ludhiana   prepared   on   GIS   using  
satellite   imagery   has   been   used   as   the   base   map   for   preparing   the   city   slum   map.   The  
rationale  for  using  this  was  to  ensure  synergy  between  various  spatial  data  sets.    
 

15  
 
  

The   TCPO   base   map   prepared   in   GIS   environment   shows   ward   boundaries   and   other  
important  landmarks.  The  base  map  was  further  verified  and  updated  through  handheld  Arc  
pads  with  inbuilt  GPS  devices.    

       
Exhibit  4:  Arc  Pad  used  to  make  Slum  Boundary  Maps    

Since  the  map  lacked  information  on  Slums,  Mobile  ArcGIS  with  GPS  was  used  to  take  the  
exact   locations   of   each   slum   simultaneously.   A   point   layer   was   prepared   marking   all   the  
points   like   road-­‐cross   sections,   end   streets,   corner   plots   and   land   features   in   the   slums.  
These   point   features   were   later   brought   onto   ArcGIS   to   overlay   it   on   the   city   satellite  
imagery.  These  points  were  connected  together  to  form  slum  boundaries.  This  has  helped  
to  get  an  accurate  spatial  mapping  of  slums  and  processing  other  physical  features  /ground  
data  spatially.    A  Chart  explaining  methodology  for  mapping  the  identified  slums  is  provided  
below.  
 
Geo-­‐referenced  Base  Map    
obtained  from  Town  and  Country   Municipal  Ward,  Zone  
Planning  Department   Boundary  from  M CL  

BASE  MAP  
Land  use  Map  
Road  Network  Map  
Physical  Features  
   
Field   GPS/  
Survey/   Mobile  
Validation   Slum  Boundaries   ARCGIS  

 
Slum  Map  Ludhiana  

 
Integration  of  slum  Data  (MIS)  with  GIS  
 
 Exhibit  5:  Methodology  adopted  for  Slum  Mapping  
 

16  
 
  

1.3. Slum  and  Household  Surveys  

a. Mobile  Application  for  Socio-­‐Economic  Data  Collection  

 CURE  decided  to  use  IT  to  generate  the  data  –  making  the  process  faster  and  cleaner.    The  
household   surveys   are   being   conducted   through   a   mobile   application   on   an   android  
platform   based.   The   application   has   been   designed   based   on   the   survey   questionnaire  
(annexed)   provided   in   the   Rajiv   Awas   Yojana   (RAY)   Guidelines.   The   slum   and   household  
survey   formats   provided   under   RAY   were   reviewed   from   the   context   of   Ludhiana,   with  
changes/additions   to   include   the   specificities   of   the   city.   A   mobile   application   has   been  
developed   to   collect   the   data   and   to   directly   transfer   this   on   to   a   server,   which   is   readily  
downloadable  for  analysis.  The  application  has  been  also  been  developed  in  Hindi  as  most  
residents  in  the  slums  are  Hindi/Punjabi  speaking.  Various  sections  and  subsections  of  the  
questionnaire   have   been   embedded   within   the   application   to   make   the   process   of   data  
collection   as   legible   to   the   respondent   as   possible.   The   application   also   ensures   very   few  
data   entry   errors   by   various   auto-­‐checks   and   measures.   For   e.g.   a.   The   form   pages   goes  
forward   only   if   all   the   questions   are   answered;   b.   The   number   of   family   details   pages  
automatically  repeats  itself  based  on  the  total  number  of  family  members,  etc.  So  if  a  family  
has  total  of  5  members,  the  family  member  details  page  automatically  repeats  itself  5  times.  
In   the   end,   the   form   when   being   uploaded   records   the   coordinates   of   the   mobile   phone,  
checks  the  enumerator  and  uploaded  only  after  the  respondent’s  photograph  is  added  and  
saved.  Snapshot  images  below  show  the  interface  of  the  application.  
 

 
Exhibit  6:  Mobile  Survey  Application  

b. Household  Surveys    
CURE   surveyors   and   local   youth   from   the   slum   communities   have   been   involved   in   the  
survey  work.  They  were  trained  in  the  
use  of  the  application.    
Receipt   slips   are   issued   to   each  
household   and   signed   by   the  
resident/respondent.  Counterfoils  are  
kept  with  CURE.  This  helps  to  identify  
the   exact   household   number   in   case  
of   inadvertent   data   entries.   House  
numbers   have   been   marked   on   the  
houses   corresponding   with   the  
receipt   numbers,   to   ensure   there   are  
no  duplicate  entries.    
Exhibit  7:  Household  survey  identification  slip  

17  
 
  

c. Data  Quality  Check  

To  ensure  that  quality  data  is  generated,  a  series  of  field  tests  and  workshops  were  carried  
out  in  Ludhiana.  The  queries  of  surveyors  and  challenges  faced  by  them  were  used  to  fix  and  
redo  some  section  of  the  application.    
 
A  dynamic  system  has  been  setup  to  audit  10%  of  sample  surveys  randomly  on  daily  basis.  
An  independent  team  of  team  supervisors  is  formed  to  do  spot  audits.  At  the  end  of  each  
day  this  team  crosschecks  the  household  details  with  the  household  slips.    
 
To  support  this,  a  website  is  also  developed  which  shows  answer  to  all  the  main  questions.  
The   team   uses   this   website   to   recheck   the   data   on   field   (going   back   to   the   respective  
household).   Any   misreporting   or   fudging   in   the   surveys   is   thus   checked,   and   the   surveys   are  
made  reliable  to  the  highest  degree.  
 

 
Exhibit  8:  Website  for  managing  the  household  data  collection  

Data   Analysis:   The   survey   data   was   downloaded   in   excel   format   and   analyzed   to   identify  
key  issues  for  slum  development  and  is  presented  in  the  next  section.  
 
Data  Up-­‐linking  with  MIS-­‐GIS:  The  baseline  data  is  ready  to  be  uplinked  with  RAY-­‐MIS  and  
GIS-­‐based  slum  map  of  Ludhiana.  

1.4. Vacant  Land  Survey    

 
Land  survey  has  been  undertaken  for  all  of  Ludhiana  to  identify  lands  that  are  vacant  for  the  
purpose  of  identification  of  lands  for  resettlement,  where  needed.  All  the  vacant  lands  were  
identified  on  satellite  imagery  irrespective  of  ownership  of  land.  A  team  of  surveyors  then  
verified   the   availability   of   the   land   on   ground.   Once   confirmed   on   ground,   the   ownership   of  
the  lands  was  confirmed  from  the  land  records.    

1.5. Housing  Study:  Analysis  of  Housing  Component  in  Slums    

 
A  housing  study  was  undertaken  for  Ludhiana  slums.  Visits  by  architects  to  selected  slums  
were  undertaken  to  study  housing  types  and  prepare  a  typology  of  housing  based  on  a  set  
of   common   parameters   defined   under   RAY.     The   study   also   examined   the   demand   and  
supply  of  the  affordable  housing  in  Ludhiana  and  the  roles  of  both  the  Self-­‐Owned  and  the  
public  sector  in  bridging  the  shortfall.  
 

18  
 
  

The  following  chart  gives  a  schematic  flow  of  the  methodology  adopted  for  preparing  SFCPoA  Ludhiana    

19  
 

Exhibit  9:  Methodology  adopted  for  preparing  SFCPoA,  Ludhiana  

  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SECTION  2:  SLUM  PROFILE      

20  
 
  

2. Preparation  of  a   City   Profile  

2.1. Regional  Context  

The   city   of   Ludhiana   is   located   in   the   State   of   Punjab   which   ranks   5th  (37.5%)   amongst   the  
most   urbanized   states   in   India;   after   Tamil   Nadu   (48.5%);   Kerala   (47.7%);   Maharashtra  
(45.2%);   Karnataka   (38.5%).     The   last   two   decades   have   registered   an   increase   in   urban  
population   by   nearly   73%;   in   absolute   numbers   this   is   43,   93,093   people.   This   growth   is   a  
result   of   adding   133   new   urban   centers   in   the   state.   Urban   densities   too   are   significantly  
higher  (*12times)  than  rural.  Previous  trends  indicate  that  most  urban  growth  is  taking  place  
in   class   I   towns   which   are   36   in   numbers   (census   2011).   Of   the   20   districts   in   Punjab,  
Ludhiana  district  tops  in  the  size  of  its  urban  population.  
 

 
Exhibit  10:  Urbanization  level  in  Punjab  Districts  

2.2. City  Profile  

Ludhiana   is   situated   at   30.8833°   N,  
75.8500°  E.  The  physical  setting  provides  
it   a   fair   access   to   all   major   towns   –  
Chandigarh,  the  State  capital  or  Amritsar,  
the   religious   centre.   It   is   well   connected  
by   road,   rail   and   air.   National   Highway  
(NH)  -­‐  1  connects  Ludhiana  to  New  Delhi  
via   Ambala   and   Jalandhar   and   NH   -­‐   95  
connects   it   to   Chandigarh.   The   city   is   310  
KMs   from   Delhi,   150   KMs   from   Amritsar  
and  100KMs  from  Chandigarh.  
 
 
Exhibit  11:  Physical  Location  of  Ludhiana  within  Punjab  

21  
 
  

a. Demography  
Ludhiana   has   emerged   as   Punjab’s   largest   city   in   terms   of   area,   population  -­‐  experiencing  an  
unprecedented  bulge,  and  economic  growth.  The  city  is  spread  over  159.37  sq.  km  and  has  a  
total   population   of   1,613,878   (Census   2011).   Its   growth   rate   has   been   very   fast   but   is  
beginning   to   slow   down,   2001-­‐11   saw   a   16%   increase,   the   lowest   since   1961.   The   city   is  
growing  largely  due  to  migration  –  people  coming  to  work  in  its  various  industries.  Two-­‐third  
workforce  is  of  migratory  workers,  and  1/3rd  of  the  total  migratory  workers  are  inter-­‐state  
migrates.  Ludhiana’s  gross  density  is  975  people  per  sq.  km.    

b. Administrative  
Ludhiana   is   divided   into   75   wards   for   administrative   purposes.   The   wards   are   aggregated  
into  4  Zones,  each  representing  a  quarter  of  the  city.  Zone  A  and  Zone  B  has  20  wards  each  
and  Zone  C  and  D  have  17  and  16  wards  respectively.  

c. Climate  
Ludhiana   has   a  humid   subtropical  climate.   It   is   very   hot   and   dry   in   summer,   from   April   to  
June  -­‐  average  high  in  May  and  June  is  40  °C.  In  winter  temperatures  drop  to  3  °C.  Ludhiana  
average   annual   precipitation   is   730   mm   (29   in).   Its   air   is   highly   polluted   with   particulate  
matter  over  six  times  the  World  Health  Organization  recommended  standard.    

d. Religious  and  Historical  Importance  

Besides   being   a   commercial   hub,   Ludhiana   is   also   an   important   pilgrimage   centre   with   a  
number  of  Gurudwaras  located  in  and  around  the  city.  The  Fort  of  Lodhi  which  is  a  500  years  
old  historical  monument,  built  by  the  Muslim  ruler  Sikander  Lodhi,  is  also  located  near  the  
city,  along  the  banks  of  River  Sutlej.  City  name  probably  derived  from  founder’s  name.  

e. Education  
Ludhiana   has   some   prestigious   education   institutions.   It   has   two   Medical   Colleges,   an  
Engineering   College   and   the   Punjab   Agricultural   University   that   has   played   a   key   role   in  
Punjab’s  'Green  Revolution'.      

f. Commerce  
Ludhiana  is  a  prime  industrial  centre  in  north  India  also  known  as  the  “Manchester  of  India”,  
the   “hub   of   the   Indian   Hosiery   Industry”   and   the   “Industrial   Capital   of   Small   Scale   Industry”.  
The   city   produces   hosiery,   woolen   garments,   leather   items,   machine   tools,   dyes,   cycle   parts,  
mopeds,   sewing   machines,  motor   parts,   food   and   milk   products   and   agriculture   implements  
through   registered   and   unregistered   agencies.   The   city   has   plentiful   opportunities   for  
industrial   work   and   the   State   plans   to   ensure   that   the   city   economy   remains   on   the  
industrial  growth  path  for  a  long  period.    
 
Cycle   and   bicycle   Readymade   Garments   and   Woolen   Agricultural  implement  
parts   Hosiery  goods   products   and  
services  
Mechanical   Chemicals   Rubber   and   Plastic   Leather   Paper   Products   and  
Products   and   Chemical   Products   goods   Printing  
Products  
Food   and   Repair   Wooden   Non-­‐metallic   Transport   Electrical  
Beverages   and   Products   Mineral   Equipment   and   Machinery   and  
Services   Products     Parts   Apparatus  
Exhibit  12:  Types  of  Industries  based  in  Ludhiana  

22  
 
  

There  are  over  3  lac  micro  and  small-­‐scale  units  currently  working  under  different  sectors.  In  
2009,   The   World   Bank   ranked   Ludhiana   as   the   city   in   India   with   the   best   business  
environment.  
 
%  Ditribution  of   %  Ditribution  of  Turnover  
Employment  by  Industry   by  industry  type  
type   13160  lakhs  

79832   Medium  &  Large  

Medium  &  Large  
units(0.53%)  
units(19.21%)  

2442841   Micro  &  Small  units  

335741   Micro  &  Small  
lakhs   (99.47%)  
units  (80.79%)  

 
Exhibit  13:  Employment  and  Turnover  by  Industry  Type  in  Ludhiana  

g. Housing  in  the  City  

Ludhiana  has  a  population  of  16  lakhs  and  an  estimated  3,20,000  households.  As  per  Census  
2011,  its  total  housing  stock  is  2,78,323  and  slum  households  comprise  nearly  22.52%  of  all  
households  as  expected  as  the  city’s  industries  attract  migrant  workers.    

h. Slum  Households:  Population  and  Demography  

As  per  Census  2011,  there  are  69,831  households  (22.5%  of  the  total  HHs)  in  218  slums  of  
Ludhiana  with  a  total  population  of  3,63,122.  The  average  household  size  is  5.2.  It  is  to  be  
noted   that   family   size   has   not   been   disaggregated   by   typology   of   settlements,   as   most  
people   living   in   the   squatter   settlements   and   Vedas   inside   these   settlements   are   migrants  
without  families.  

i. Physical  Infrastructure  Profile  

The   city   of   Ludhiana   exhibited   significant   gaps   in   terms   of   infrastructure,   although   in   past  
one  year  city  has  been  able  to  cover  most  of  the  uncovered  areas.  
 
• Water:  at  present  almost  85%  of  the  city  is  covered  through  piped  water  supply.  The  
source   of   water   in   the   city   is   mainly   ground   water.   Per   capita   supply   is   196   LPCD.  
Slums   are   supplied   through   stand   posts.   There   are   almost   500   stand   posts   in   218  
slums,  which  is  way  below  the  norms.  

•  Solid  waste  Management:  A  functioning  solid-­‐waste  management  system  exists  in  

the   city,   which   is   outsourced   to   a   Self-­‐Owned   agency,   A2Z.   The   city   however,   still  
experiences  dumping  of  waste  in  the  open  due  to  various  reasons  indicating  that  the  
waste  collection  service  needs  to  be  made  more  robust.  

• Sewage   management:   Sewers   cover   almost   80%   of   the   municipal   area.   There   are  
three  STPs  under  construction  with  a  combined  treatment  capacity  of  311  MLD.  This  
is  less  than  the  city’s  current  demand  of  about  350MLD.  

• Storm  Water  Drain:  At  present  the  city  lacks  a  storm  water  drainage  network.  The  
city  has  plans  to  extend  the  current  coverage  of  10%  to  the  entire  city.    .      

23  
 
  

2.3. Review   of   Existing   Policies,   Programmes   and   Projects   related   to  

Slums  and  Housing  

a. Ludhiana  Master  Plan  2021    

The  Master  Plan  of  Ludhiana  2021  devotes  a  whole  chapter  to  slums  with  facts  and  figures.  
One   of   the   objectives   in   the   Master   Plan   is,   “To   minimize   growth   of   slums   by   making  
informal   sector   integral   part   of   city   planning   and   development   process”.   The   Master   Plan  
deems  “Slums  are  a  major  source  of  nuisance  to  the  residents  of  the  planned  colonies”  and  
the   issue   of   slums   and   poverty   as   the   two   major   challenges   facing   the   policy   makers   and  
planners  of  Ludhiana.  Its  observations  of  slums  include  the  following;      
 
§ Illegal  water  supply/electricity  connections.  
§ Absence   of   sewerage   system   resulting   in   open   defecation,   in   turn   creating  
unhygienic  conditions  for  residents,  and  causing  environmental  and  developmental  
problems.    
§ Encroachment  on  roads  and  parks  are  another  major  challenge.  
§ There   is   no   formal   housing   for   industrial   workers,   due   to   which   there   are   many  
slums  that  have  come  up  near  the  industrial  areas.  
§ The   Government   of   Punjab   has   been   unable   to   support   urban   local   self-­‐government  
institutions  to  address  the  problems  of  urban  poverty.  
§ There   have   been   negligible   grant   for   urban   poverty   alleviation   and   slum  
development  in  Punjab.  
 
Further   the   Master   Plan   adds   that   the   implementation   of   urban   poverty   alleviation   schemes  
has   not   been   effective   due   to   poor   institutional   mechanism   for   poverty   alleviation;  
“Evaluation   of   previous   poverty   alleviation   schemes   in   the   city   showed   poor  
implementation.  The  poor  community  mobilization/participation,  training  provided  for  skill-­‐
upgradation  a  mere  formality,  arbitrary  sanctioning  of  loans,  leakages  of  loan  money  as  high  
as  12  per  cent,  were  some  of  the  listed  deficiencies  in  implementing  such  schemes”.  
 
While   the   Master   Plan   has   a   negative   view   of   slums,   it   fails   to   deliver   any   major   policy  
recommendations   or   plan   for   addressing   the   issues,   except   the   following   initiative;  
“Municipal   Corporation   must   speed   up   the   slum   development   and   poverty   alleviation  
activities  and  a  strong  institutional  mechanism  is  required  for  improving  planning  and  local  
governance  in  the  city.”  
 

b. City  Development  Plan,  Ludhiana  2021  

The  CDP  2011  (draft)  prepared  by  Ludhiana  under  the  JNNURM,  has  counted  209  slums  with  
20   per   cent   of   the   total   population   of   Ludhiana.   The   CDP   has   recognized   the   diversity   of  
housing   structures   in   the   slums;   65%   houses   are   pucca,   12%   are   kutcha,   and   rest   23%   is   semi  
pucca.   As   per   the   CDP   57   slums   were   upgraded   with   all   infrastructure   facilities   like  
household   water   supply,   sewerage,   streetlights,   metal   roads   and   parks;   68   were   partially  
upgraded  and  the  remaining  84  slums  were  to  be  upgraded.  
 
The  CDP  Ludhiana  envisages  Ludhiana  as  slum  free  by  2020  and  suggests  the  city  prepare  a  
‘Slum   Free   City   Plan   of   Action’   under   RAY.   The   CDP   also   suggests   strategies   for   poverty  
alleviation   -­‐   it   proposes   a   livelihood   program   to   provide   skill   training   to   the   urban   poor,  
encouraging  and  scaling  up  of  SHGs,  initiating  health  programs  for  slum  dwellers,  providing  
infrastructure  in  and  construction  of  7000  houses  for  urban  poor.  
 

24  
 
  

A   total   amount   of   Rs.   220Crores   (5.6%   of   total   investment   proposed   in   the   city)   has   been  
proposed  exclusively  for  urban  poor  housing  and  services,  under  CDP.    
 
MCL   (in   collaboration   with   the   Ludhiana   Improvement   Trust)   has   started   the   process   of  
building   about   3600   of   the   7000   pucca   houses   of   30   sq.   meters   area   each   and   to   relocate  
slum  dwellers  at  an  investment  of  Rs.  180Crores  at  Rs.  1.97  Lakh  per  unit,  inclusive  of  land  
cost.  Upgrading  basic  infrastructure  facilities  (housing,  water  supply,  sewerage,  toilets,  roads  
and   streetlights)   in   slums   is   deemed   priority   under   slum   upgrading   projects   for   which   Rs.  
27.62  Crores  investment  is  proposed.  
 
Since  the  Ludhiana  CDP  has  been  drafted  after  the  initiation  of  the  RAY  project,  its  strategy  
has   included   the   provisions   of   RAY,   although   the   solutions   are   typical   of   BSUP   –   which   is  
resettlement  housing.  
 

c. Programs  on  Slum  Development  

There   are   a   number   of   programmes   and   schemes   that   are   under   implementation   by   MCL   to  
address  the  issue  of  poverty  and  slums.    
Ø Basic  Services  of  Urban  Poor  (BSUP)  
MCL   intended   to   construct   4832   Houses   for   Urban   Poor   by   2013-­‐14.   Out   of   this   MCL   has  
been  able  to  construct  only  1500  houses  as  yet.  No  households  have  yet  been  relocated  to  
the   new   housing.   Since   the   new   housing   sites   are   towards   the   city’s   fringe,   there   is  
reluctance  among  the  slum  dwellers  to  move.  

 
Exhibit  14:  Showing  slums  covered  under  BSUP  and  proposed  sites  for  relocation  

Ø Social  Development  Programmes  

The   Municipal   Corporation   of   Ludhiana   also   implements   several   social   development  
programmes   such   as   for   adult   education,   awareness   generation,   vaccination,   etc.   in   slum  
areas  and  spends  Rs.  56  Crores  on  these  on  a  regular  basis.  

25  
 
  

d. Challenges  and  Constraints  in  Preparing  Slum  Free  City  Plan    

Based   on   the   above   review,   a   few   challenges   in   the   preparation   of   the   slum   free   city   plan  
were  envisaged.  
 
a. Absence   of   data:   While   the   basic   numbers   of   slums   were   available   with   the   MCL,  
the   lists   were   not   updated   based   on   interventions   over   the   past   years.   Apart   from  
the  slum  list,  no  other  data  related  to  slums  was  available.  
b. Number  of  Slum  Households:  The  number  of  slum  households  at  68000  in  the  RFP  is  
from   Census   2011.   This   was   the   basis   on   which   the   financial   quotations   were  
prepared   by   CURE   and   the   contract   was   formulated.   However,   on   the   ground   the  
numbers  of  households  were  found  to  be  much  fewer  in  the  listed-­‐traditional  slums.  
This  is  affecting  the  project  budgeting.  
c. Vehdas-­‐Vertical   Slums:   Instead  majority  of  the  poor  households  were  found  living  in  
Vehdas   –   tenement   type   of   housing   developed   by   Self-­‐Owned   landowners   as  
migrant   labour   hostel   and   industrial   worker’s   accommodations.   These   can   be  
imagined  as  vertical  slums  in  dilapidated  and  in  unhygienic  conditions.  However,  due  
to   the   nature   of   definition   of   slums   under   RAY   these   were   hard   to   include   in   the  
planning.  A  decision  on  their  inclusion  in  the  survey  could  not  be  taken  till  the  report  
was  finalized.  This  is  phenomenon  that  is  pan  Punjab  and  addressing  it  in  Ludhiana  
could  provide  the  way  forward  for  other  cities  as  well.  
d. Household   Surveys:   These   have   proved   to   be   challenging   for   two   reasons;   the  
availability   of   skilled   manpower   in   the   city/slums   who   could   get   involved   in  
collecting  information  using  IT  applications.  The  effort  to  involve  students  of  Punjab  
Agriculture   University   –   using   this   as   an   opportunity   to   build   local   capacity   -­‐   could  
not   happen   because   of   very   high   requirement   for   data   collection   by   the  
Department.   Eventually   CURE   had   to   move   its   own   teams   from   Delhi   and   Agra   to   do  
the  surveys.  
e. Mobile   Application   for   Data   Generation:   As   this   was   the   first   time   CURE   was  
experimenting   with   the   use   of   an   IT   application   using   android   mobiles,   there   were   a  
few   difficulties   in   setting   up   the   system   at   the   start   –   especially   with   respect   to  
language.   These   were   eventually   sorted   out   but   meant   a   delayed   start   of   the   HH  
survey.  However,  this  has  reduced  considerably  the  time  needed  for  data  entry  and  
speeded  up  the  process  and  provided  more  time  for  data  analysis.  
f. Councillor  Interactions:  These  have  been  difficult  to  arrange  due  to  non-­‐availability  
of   the   councillors/lack   of   interest.   As   a   result   the   list   of   slums   could   only   be   finalized  
towards  the  very  end  of  the  process.    
g. GIS   Mapping:   MCL   in   2004   had   prepared   a   slum   GIS   under   support   from   Cities  
Alliance  and  USAID.  However,  the  copy  of  this  GIS  could  not  be  accessed  from  any  of  
the  known  sources.  Having  a  2004  map  would  have  been  useful  to  see  the  pattern  of  
slum  growth  in  the  decade.  

2.4. Assessment  of  Present  Status  of  Slums:  Primary  Survey  

There  are  182  slum  settlements  in  Ludhiana  (refer  map  3  on  page  33).  As  per  Census  2011,  
the  proportion  of  slums  dwellers  living  in  Ludhiana  (22.5%)  is  much  higher  compared  to  the  
state  average  of  14%.  Slums  are  mostly  concentrated  in  the  northeast  and  southeast  of  the  
city,   along   the   Ludhiana-­‐Rohan   road   and   NH1.   There   are   very   few   slums   in   the   city   centre  
and  the  nearest  one  is  located  at  about  1.5  km  from  the  heart  of  the  city.  
 
Nearly  three-­‐fourths  (70%)  of  the  current  slums  in  Ludhiana  came  up  between  1981  -­‐  2000  
(see  table  2.1)  due  to  the  rise  in  economic  growth  in  the  city.  These  slums  have  come  up  in  

26  
 
  

small  clusters  (less  than  500  households,  (see  Table  2.2)),  and  majority  of  these  settlements  
constitute  people  from  Bihar  and  Uttar  Pradesh.    
 
Table2.1:  Distribution  of  Slums  by  Year  of  Establishment  
   
 
Sr.  No.   Year  of  establishment   Slums  
 
Nos.   %age  
 
1   Before  1970   14   6.6  
 
2   1971-­‐1980   30   14.5  
 
3   1981-­‐1990   74   35.4  
 
4   1991-­‐2000   75   35.8    
5   2000+   5   2.4    
6   Not  Aware   4   5.3    
TOTAL   202   100    
Source:  MCL,  Ludhiana          
 
Table  2.2:  Distribution  of  Slums  by  their  Population  Size  

 S.No.   Population  Size    Slums  

Nos.   %age  
1   <500   32   15.84  
2   501-­‐1000   52   25.74  
3   1001-­‐2000   50   24.75  
4   2001-­‐3000   40   19.80  
5   3001-­‐5000   16   7.92  
6   5001-­‐10000   10   4.95  
7   10000-­‐15000   2   0.99  
TOTAL   202   202   100  
Source:  MCL,  Ludhiana      
 

a. Typology  of  Slums  

There  are  218  slums  in  Ludhiana  which  can  be  categorized  on  basis  of  ownership  of  the  land  
occupied  by  that  slum  and  on  basis  of  the  nature  of  housing.  
 
By  type  of  housing,  slums  in  Ludhiana  can  be  grouped  into  three  types.  
§ Squatter  or  Jhuggi  jhopri  (JJ)  clusters  
§ Un-­‐authorised,  Un-­‐regularised,  Un-­‐served  (UAs)  areas;  and    
§ Vehdas  or  rental,  shared  accommodation  
 

27  
 
  

Ø Squatter  or  Jhuggi  jhopri  (JJ)  clusters  

 
 
Ø Un-­‐authorised,  Un-­‐regularised,  Un-­‐served  (UAs)  areas    

 
Ø Vehdas  or  rental,  shared  accommodation.    

 
 
By  ownership  of  land  occupied  by  these  slums,  they  can  be  categorized  into:  
Ø Slums  on  state  and  city  government  land  
Ø Slums  on  self  owned  land  with  clear  titles  
Ø Slums  on  lands  with  unclear  land  titles  
Ø Vehdas  on  land  owned  by  the  Vehda  owner  
 
   

28  
 
  

The   matrix   below   combines   the   two   aspects   of   housing   quality   and   land   ownership   to   re-­‐
categorize  the  slum  settlements  as  five  types:  
 
§ Squatter  settlements    
§ Vehdas  inside  Settlements    
§ Unrecognized  colonies    
§ Upgraded  area  outside  MCL  Limits    
§ Vehdas    
 
  Squatter   Settlements   Unrecognized   Upgraded   Outside   Vehdas  
settlements   having   colonies   areas   MCL  
Vehdas   Limits  
inside  
Numbers     54   9   116   36   3   850  
Land   Government   Self-­‐Owned   Self-­‐  owned   Self-­‐owned     Self-­‐
Status   and  Self-­‐ lands   land  and   land  and   Owned  
Owned   housing   housing   lands  
lands   ownership   ownership  
    151  with  land  ownership-­‐legal  titles      
Housing   Kuccha     Semi  pucca  and  pucca   Pucca   pucca  
Type   (39%)   (43%)   (17.64%)  
Service   Shared,   Networks  largely  available,  connections   Shared,   Shared  
Levels   community   missing   community   provided  
by  
landlord  
Source:  CURE,  2014  

b. Slum:  Demographic  Profile  

There   are   almost   50,941   households   in   182   slums   of   Ludhiana   with   a   total   population   of  
2,59,289.   Apart   from   it   there   are   almost   2,00,000   people   living   in   sub-­‐standard   hostel  
accommodations  i.e.  Vehdas.    
 
Ø Disaggregation  by  Sex  
 57%  of  all  slum  dwellers  in  the  city  are  men.  Accordingly  the  slum  sex  ratio  is  754  females  
for   every   1000   males.   This   is   to   be   expected,   as   more   slum   dwellers   in   the   city   are   male  
migrants,   and   could   be   partly   contributing   to   Ludhiana’s   adverse   sex   ratio   (873)   in   all   of  
Punjab  (893)  and  India  (940,  Census  2011).    
 
Exhibit  15:  Sex  Ration  of  Ludhiana  Slums  as  compared  to  Ludhiana  city,  District  and  State  of  Punjab  

Demography   Sex  Ratio  

940   893   873   754  
1000  
Male  
43%   0  
57%   Female  
India   Punjab  
Ludhiana   Slums  in  Ludhiana  
 
 
Source:  Author,  2014  

29  
 
  

Ø Age  distribution:    
Adults   (18-­‐60   years)   comprise   nearly   61%   of   all   slum   dwellers;   of   these   nearly   41.6%   are  
young   adults   between   16-­‐35   years   of   age.   Working   age   adults   between   16   and   35   years  
constitute  41.6%of  the  total  slum  population.    A  very  minimal  percentage  of  the  population  
comprises  the  elderly.  About  8%  of  total  slum  population  is  children  below  the  age  of  5.    
 
Age  sex  pyramid  below  shows  the  distribution  of  males  and  females  along  different  age  
group.  

Exhibit  16:  Age  sex  Pyramid  of  Slum  population  in  Ludhiana  

Source:  CURE,  2014  

Ø Caste  and  Religious  Groups  
Because   Ludhiana   slums   are   made   up   of   migrants   from   different   parts   of   the   country  
caste  and  religious  groups  here  are  mixed.  Ludhiana  slum  dwellers  are  majorly  Hindus  
(90.7%),  followed  by  4.5%  of  Muslims  and  3.8%  of  Sikhs.  There  is  a  small  proportion  is  
of  Christians,  Jains,  Parsis,  and  Buddhists.    
 
Exhibit  17:  Classification  of  Population  based  on  Religion  and  Caste  

Religion  ProTile   Caste  Distribution  

0.65%  
4.56%   Hindu  
3.89%   0.16%  

Sikh   35%  

65%  
Muslim  

90.74%  
Christian  

Others  (Jain/ General   Backward  

Parsi)  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  

30  
 
  

 
About   one-­‐third   slum   households   (35%)   belong   to   the   lower   castes   –   split   equally  
among  Scheduled  Castes,  Scheduled  Tribes  and  Other  Backward  Castes.  Remaining  are  
from  general  caste  groups  (65%).  
 
Exhibit  18:  Comparative  analysis  of  Religious  classification  within  Slums  

0.84%  
0.31%  
100%  
4%   6%  
1.54%  
90%   9.13%   17.50%  

80%   Others  (Christ.,  

Buddh,  jains)  
70%  

60%   Muslim  

50%  

40%   Sikh  

30%  

20%   Hindu  

10%  
94.23%   82.64%   82.50%  
0%  
Squatter   Unauthorised   Vehda  
 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  

c. Socio-­‐Economic  Profile  
Ø Education:  
Every  two  of  five  slum  dwellers  (43%),  are  illiterate  (never  attended  school),  about  8%  have  
not   completed   primary   schooling   and   12.5%   have   studied   up  to   secondary/senior   secondary  
levels  and  just  1.6%  comprise  graduates  or  less.      
 
Exhibit  19:  Education  Profile  in  Slums  

2%   None  
Education  ProTile  in  Slums  
4%  
Nursery/KG  
8%  
Class  1-­‐4  
18%  
51%   Completed  Primary  
education    
10%   Completed  Class  X  
8%  
Completed  Class  XII  

Graduate  &  above  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 

31  
 
  

Nearly   68%   households   reported   school   going   children;   25%   boys   and   43%   girls.   Of   these  
households,   a   majority   (88%)   reported   sending   children   to   Self-­‐Owned   schools.   Just   5.7%  
children  attend  Government/  Municipal  schools,  as  these  are  not  available  in  the  vicinity  of  
slums.   Less   than   40   slums   have   access   to   schools   in   their   neighborhood.   Reasons   for   not  
choosing   to   go   to   government   schools   even   where   available   say   parents;   is   lack   of   toilet  
facilities  (68%),  poor  teaching  quality  (1.6%)  and  absence  of  teachers  (0.6%).  
 
Exhibit  20:  Access  to  Education  Institutions  and  Reported  deficiencies  in  Schools  

Institutional  ProTile   Reported  deTiciencies  in  

68.13%   schools  
4%   1%  
5%   Government  

Private   1.68%  
0.65%  
90%   MCL  
Lack  of  toilet   Poor  teaching   Teachers  are  
Other  (non-­‐ facilities   standards   absent  
govt.)  
       
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
Ø Occupation  and  Income  Profile  
Of  the  working  population  in  slums,  most  work  in  the  city’s  industries  (78%)  and  just  1%  in  
government  offices.  The  rest  18%  are  self-­‐employed.    Among  the  workers,  53%  are  men  and  
47%  women.  Among  those  who  are  employed,  the  work  is  regular  (24.1%)  or  casual  labour  
(28.7%)  or  wage  earners  (45%).  The  self-­‐employed  worked  mainly  as  hawkers,  tea  vendors,  
etc.      About  one-­‐fourth  (23.85%)  children  (boys  –  52.2%%  and  girls  47.7%)  were  at  work.  
 
Exhibit  21:Working  Profile  in  Slums  of  Ludhiana  

Percentage  Distribution  of   1%   Employment  ProTile  2  

Working  Population  
31%  
Govt.  Sector  
Men  
47%  
68%   Pvt.  Sector  
53%  
Women  

 
 

Type  of  employment   Employment  ProTile  3  

45.50%  
15%   24.10%   28.70%  
Full  Time  
17%   1.70%  
68%   Part  Time  
Regular   Wage  Earner   Self  Employed  Casual  labour  
Labour  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  

32  
 
  

Ø Income  –  Expenditure  patterns  

Average  monthly  household  income  in  Ludhiana  slums  is  Rs  8248.  Based  on  the  BPL  line  for  
Punjab  (Rs1155  per  capita  per  month),  it  is  calculated  that  households  earning  less  than  Rs.  
5682  (per  capita  income  multiplied  by  average  household  size)  would  be  below  the  poverty  
line.   Data   on   incomes   suggest   that   39%   of   slum   households   are   below   the   poverty   line  
suggesting   that   Ludhiana   slum   dwellers   are   earning   above   the   BPL   and   not   among   the  
poorest.   Between   men   and   women,   average   monthly   incomes   are   Rs.   5981   and   Rs.   5795,  
respectively.    
Disaggregating   incomes   by   slum   typologies   notes   that   the   poorest   households   are   in   the  
vehdas  of  squatter  clusters  and  squatter  settlements.  Households  in  unauthorized  colonies  
have  higher  incomes.  
Expenditure   pattern   was   analyzed   for   slum   households   and   disaggregated   by   typology   of  
settlements.   The   average   monthly   expenditure   of   households   in   the   slums   is   Rs.3206   on  
food  and  Rs.  1004  on  rent.    
 
S.  No.     Average   Monthly   In   All   Slums   (in   In   Squatter   In   Unauthorized  
Expense  on   INR)   Settlements  (in  INR)   Colonies  (in  INR)  
1   Food   3026.30   3048.62   2958.51  
2   Education   312.19   336.04   259.99  
3   Health   352.31   341.98   372.05  
4   Transportation   177.43   163.84   215.07  
5   Electricity   365.37   241.62   666.28  
6   Mobile  Phone  bill   141.47   141.66   140.88  
7   Water  Bill   1.99   1.15   4.05  
8   Rent   1004.42   400.00   1110.00  
9   Social  Work   9.06   3.63   22.33  
10   Entertainment   100.54   82.93   141.67  
 
Ø Credit  Profile:    
Only   8.83%   of   the   sample   population   has   reportedly   taken   loans.   Of   the   said   number,  
majority  (nearly  75%)  has  an  outstanding  balance  of  upto  Rs.  50000  to  be  repaid.    The  data  
shows  that  the  primary  purpose  of  taking  loans  (65.36%)  is  marriage  or  healthcare  expenses.    
Most  of  the  people  (66.05%)  have  taken  loans  from  friends  or  relatives,  followed  by  micro-­‐
finance  institutions,  banks,  etc.    
 
Exhibit  22:  Incidences  of  loans  in  Slums  

Reported  percentage  of  

loans  taken     Creditor  ProTile  
66.05%  
0.08%   0.06%   0.14%  
23.62%  
91.09%   91.71%   89.56%   5.50%   3.44%  
Unreported  
1.37%  
NO  
8.83%   8.23%   10.30%  
YES  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  

33  
 
  

 
Exhibit  23:  Purpose  of  Loans  as  reported  by  the  Respondents  

3%   Purpose  of  Loan  

Marriage  
3%   13%   Healthcare  
35%  
9%   Religious  Rites  

Business  investment  
6%  
Disaster  

30%   Education  
1%   House  construction  

Other  
 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
Exhibit  24:  Repayment  profile  in  Slums  and  Number  of  Households  having  Bank  Accounts  

Reported  loan  payments   Households  with  bank  

outstanding   accounts    
0%   0%   0%   0%  
1.15%   0.49%  
27.34%   27.34%   15.83%   31.61%   27.16%  
9.35%  
100%  

26.95%   29.08%   15.60%  

3.19%  
20.14%   67.20%   72.35%  
25.18%  
26.95%   28.37%   15.60%   5.20%  
23.88%  

Upto  Rs.   Rs.  10000   Rs.  25000   Rs.  50000   Above  Rs.   YES   NO  
10000   to  25000   to  50000   to  100000   100000  
Vehdas   Vehdas   Unauthorised  Settlements   Squatters  
Unauthorised  Settlements  
Squatters  
   
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
It  is  surprising  that  nearly  47%  of  the  sample  population  has  bank  accounts,  which  is  a  fairy  
high  ratio  for  Slums  
 
Proof  of  Identity:  Because  these  are  migrant  people,  not  all  of  them  have  the  conventional  
ID  proofs  of  Punjab  that  demonstrate  their  address  and  years  of  stay  in  the  city/settlement  
such   as   ration   cards   (30%)   and   voter   cards   (10%).   However,   because   of   the   high   publicity  
over  Adhar  cards  and  ease  of  getting  these  made,  40%  of  the  people  have  got  these  made,  
demonstrating   proof   of   identity   and   residence.   About   19%   have   a   mix   of   telephone   and  
electricity  bills,  passports,  employee  cards,  driving  licences  etc.    
 
   

34  
 
  

Exhibit  25:  %  of  Personal  ID.  Proofs  

Distribution  of  Personal  ID.  Proofs  

Aadhaar  
card  
80.00%  

60.00%  
Ration  
Other   40.00%   card  
20.00%  
Squatters  
0.00%  
Unauthorised  

Electrici
ty/  
Voter  ID  
Phone  
bill  

Pan    
Card  
d. Access  to  Basic  Services  –    
Ø Physical  Infrastructure  
Housing:   17.64%   slum   houses   are   pucca   structures,   39%   is   kucha   and   43%   is   semi-­‐pucca.  
Most  unauthorized  colonies  have  pucca  housing  (52%),  whereas  squatter  settlements  have  
mostly   semi-­‐pucca   housing   (48.9%).   Current   demand   for   housing   (kucha   and   semi   pucca  
structures)  is  therefore  11844.  About  14%  households  reported  living  on  rent.  Vehdas  have  
100%  renter  households.  
 
Exhibit  26:  Structural  Quality  of  Housing  in  Slums    

Housing  Infratructure  
100%  
20.49%  
80%   45.70%  
60%  
27.60%  
90.90%   Kutcha  
40%   Semi-­‐pucca  
48.96%   51.99%  
20%   Pucca  

0%   5.30%   9.10%  
0%  
Squatters   Unauthorised  Settlement   Vehdas  
 
Housing  Infrastructure  (Fig.2)  
0%  
37.50%  
62.50%   Vehdas  

40.32%   41.21%   Unauthorised  

18.33%   Settlement  
Squatters  
47.96%   46.88%  
5.16%  
Pucca   Semi-­‐pucca   Kutcha  
 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  

35  
 
  

Water   Supply:   33%   slums   have   municipal   water   piped   network   that   connect   to   all   the  
households   through   individual   taps.   Others   are   served   through   common   sources   -­‐  
community  taps,  bore  wells,  tankers  and  hand  pumps.  
 
Exhibit  27:  Municipal  and  Private  Water  Sources  available  in  Slums  

Municipal  Water  Sources   Private  Water  Sources    

Household  
Household  Taps   Taps  
45.00%   0.00%   Community  
Community   Taps  
taps  
Handpumps  
Handpumps  
25.44%   Boring  
Boring  
0.00%  
5.73%  
0.14%   0.49%   0.00%   0.00%  
0.00%  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
Nearly  25%  slum  households  have  access  to  taps  at  home  connected  to  municipal  supplies;  
largely   in   the   unauthorized   settlements.   Additionally   2.3%   have   Self-­‐Owned   bore   wells   or  
hand  pumps.  Rest  get  water  from  various  municipal  sources  such  as;  community  taps  (45%)  
and   bore   wells   (0.14%).   A   few   households   have   shared   Self-­‐Owned   taps   (4.31%)   and   a  
marginal  population  use  Self-­‐Owned  tankers.    
 
Among   people   who   use   community   water   sources,   almost   all   (99%)   report   that   these   are  
accessible   within   a   distance   0.5-­‐1km   and   are   functional.   A   few   complained   of   dry   taps  
several  times  every  month.  Most  (87%)  said  that  the  water  supplied  was  for  less  than  one  
hour   every   day   although   water   pressure   was   good   and   the   water,   drinkable   (96%).   More  
than  two-­‐thirds  (72%)  did  complain  of  bad  odour  and  dirty  supplies  during  rains.  On  filing  a  
complaint  to  the  Municipal  Corporation,  nearly  78%  reported  that  the  response  was  prompt,  
while  others  stated  that  response  time  varied  from  2-­‐3  days  to  nearly  a  month  and  never.  
 
Of  people  with  household  connections,  53%  pay  user  charges.  Sometimes  the  cost  of  water  
use  is  almost  Rs.2000.  
 
Exhibit  28:  Source  and  Duration  of  Water  Supply  in  Slums  

Source  of  water  supply   Duration  of  water  supply    

(Fig.  2)  
78.32%  

19%   14.33%  
4.43%  
0.28%   0.03%   0.69%  
81%  
Less  than   1  -­‐  2   More   Once  a   Twice  a   Irregular  
1  hour   hours   than  2   week   week  
per  day   per  day   hours  
Municipal  sources   Private  sources   per  day  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 

36  
 
  

Toilets:   Toilet   types   vary   by   type   of   slums.   While   unauthorized   colonies   mostly   have   Self-­‐
Owned  toilets,  squatter  settlements  and  vedas  have  shared  toilets.    
 
Exhibit  29:  Toilet  facility  at  Household  level  

Toilet  Usage   Household  toilet  facility  

69.65%  

34.72%  
60.66%   71.20%  
14.36%   14.81%   90%  
0.82%  0.04%  
65.15%   No  
39.30%   28.80%  
10%   Yes  

 
 
 
Majority  of  households  (57%),  bulk  is  in  the  unauthorized  slums,  of  which  almost  all  have  a  
flush   system.   Almost   all   Self-­‐Owned   toilets   (97%)   are   connected   to   a   legal   sewer   line.   The  
remaining  3%  are  linked  to  septic  tanks,  dry  pits  or  discharge  into  open  drains.    
 
Exhibit  30:  Typology  of  Household  Toilets  

Typology  of  household  toilets  

0%   0%   0%  

25.00%   2.44%   Vehdas  

4.56%   0.21%  
75.00%  
Unauthorised  
57.64%   Settlements  
12.58%  
34.93%   0.20%  
6.64%   Squatters  

28.07%   52.51%   All  slums  

0.31%  
42.42%   7.63%   5.62%  
44.02%  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
Toilets  in  Vehdas  are  mostly  shared.  One  on  each  floor  depending  on  the  tenement.  Due  to  
inadequate  toilets  are  compelling  people  to  defecate  in  open.  
 
Less  than  2.5%  people  in  slums  have  access  to  community  toilets.  25%  use  shared  toilets  and  
rest  all  are  openly  defecating.  These  are  mostly  dirty  and  non-­‐functional.      
 
Only  a  small  proportion  of  households  (14.4%),  defecate  openly  and  usually  have  to  walk  far  
(about   1km)   for   the   purpose.   Some   (10.7%)   also   share   toilets   with  neighbours.   Shared   toilet  
users  may  range  from  one  family  to  more  than  10  families  in  few  cases.    

37  
 
  

Exhibit  31:  Toilet  Usage  among  Households  having  no  Individual  Toilets  

Toilet  Usage  (Non-­‐household  toilets)  

34.62%   34.88%   30.68%   Open  defecation  

1.20%  
1.77%   1.91%   72.22%   Mobile  toilet  
21.11%  
26.71%   27.88%  
Community  toilet  

0%  
47.01%  
36.89%   35.33%   25%  
Shared  household  
toilet  
2.78%  
All  slums   Squatters   Unauthorised   Vehdas  
Settlements  
 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
Toilet   use   among   children:   While   28%   of   households   said   children   used   home   toilets   for  
defecation,  almost  an  equal  percentage  (25%),  reported  that  their  children  defecated  on  the  
roadside,  or  open  drains  or  in  empty  plots.    In  case  of  households  with  very  small  children  or  
babies  and  no  household  toilets,  nearly  91%  mothers  disposed  faecal  matter  on  the  roadside  
or   in   open   spaces.   Only   about   5.8%   households   reported   using   community   dustbins   for   such  
purpose.      
 
Exhibit  32:  Toilet  usage  among  Children  

Children's  Toilet  Usage  proTile    

100.00%  

80.00%   90.89%  

60.00%  

40.00%  
5.89%  
1.96%  
20.00%   0.43%  
0.05%  
0.00%  
Toilets   CTC   Roadside   Open  Drains   Near  Community  Bin  
 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
Almost  all  households  (97%)  use  soap  for  cleaning  hands.      
 
Solid   Waste   Disposal:   MCL   has   privatized   waste   collection   in   the   city.   However,   waste   is  
collected  only  from  the  dhallaos  and  street  corners.  The   Self-­‐Owned  waste  collection  service  
is  not  extended  to  slums.  
 
Only   9%   households   stated   that   MCL   or   Self-­‐Owned   sweepers   collected   solid   waste   from  
their   areas;   most   (90%)   disposed   their   waste   by   themselves.     Majority   (74%)   disposed   the  
waste  on  street  corners  and  just  10%  at  the  designated  community  bins/spots.    Remaining  
households  dispose  waste  either  in  open  spaces  or  drains.        

38  
 
  

Exhibit  33:  Solid  Waste  Collection  and  Disposal  in  Slums  

Solid  Waste  Collection      

6.25%  
29.82%   18.47%   Unauthorised  
42.86%   50%   Settlements  

93.75%   Squatters  
69.32%   81.53%  
57.12%   50%  

 
 

Solid  Waste  Disposal  

0%   0%   0%   0%  
Vehdas  
100.00%  
3.04%   13.69%  
24.34%   Unauthorised  
58.78%   0.14%   Settlements  

1.36%   83.11%   9.30%   Squatters  

6.23%  
0%  
Empty  Plot   In  Drains   Roadside   Community   Unreported    
Bin  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
Waste   Water   Disposal:   Unauthorized  areas  have  been  provided  open  drains  to  carry  away  
their   wastewater.   Squatter   settlements   do   not   have   any   formal   drains.   Majority   of   the  
households   (65%)   reported  
open   and   unpaved   drains,   Domestic  Waste  Water  discharge  
0%   0%   0%  
informal   drains   in   their  
settlements;   while   nearly  
Vehdas  
28%%   stated   that   there   were   85%   15%  
14.73%  
no   drains   at   all.   Although   no  
data   has   been   generated   for   22.61%  
Unauthorised  
50.69%   11.83%   0.14%  
vehdas,  transect  walks  through   Settlements  
several  has  been  used  to  make  
13.47%  
these   observations   -­‐   drains   in   67.57%   14.43%   Squatters  
vehdas   are   open,   lining   the   4.52%  
0%  
sides   of   rooms   and   flow   into  
open   lots   as   there   is   no  
underground   sewerage   in   the  
area.    
  Exhibit  34:  Household  Waste  Water  Discharge  in  Slums  
 

39  
 
  

In   more   than   half   the   households   (51%)   wastewater   flows   into   open   surface   drains.   Some  
(19%)  discharge  wastewater  into  sewer  lines  and  others  into  the  nearby  water  bodies  or  in  
open  spaces.      
 
Majority   of   drains   were   reportedly   clean   (78%);   others   reported   blocked/choked/   broken  
drains  in  need  of  repair.    Most  (63%)  believe  that  drain  cleaning  is  a  Municipal  responsibility.  
They   also   agree   that   municipal   workers   clean   the   waste   on   a   daily   basis,   while   others   say  
that  cleaning  happens  either  weekly  or  on  a  monthly  basis.    Around  29%  of  the  households  
claimed  to  be  cleaning  the  drains  themselves.    
 
Exhibit  35:  Drainage  infrastructure  in  Slums  

In-­‐Slum  Drainage  
Open  &  Unpaved  
0%  
Open  &  paved  
30%   Covered  &  Unpaved  
62%  
Covered  &  Paved  
3%  
4%   No  Drains  
1%  
Unreported  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
Transportation:   92%   households   reported   that   roads   leading   to   the   settlements   are  
unpaved.     Majority   of   the   population   (88%)   walks   to   work.     Others   use   personal   vehicles  
(9%),  or  auto-­‐rickshaws  and  cycle  rickshaws  (2.3%).    
Exhibit  36:  Mode  of  transport  used  by  Households  in  Slums  

Mode  of  transportation  

0%   0%   Own  Vehicle  (Incl.  
Cycle)  
33%   Public  Transport  
(Incl.  auto)  

60%   Walking  
7%  
Company  vehicle  

Others  
 
 
Ø SOCIAL-­‐  INFRASTRUCTURE  
Health    
Slum  housing  usually  comes  up  \organically,  is  highly  dense,  closely  clustered,  and  with  poor  
sanitation.  This  impacts  health  of  the  poor,  especially  women  who  stay  inside  these  areas.  
Poor  health  and  frequent  illnesses  have  long-­‐term  effects  -­‐  stunting  growth  of  children  and  
reducing   their   productivity.   19   slums   in   the   city   are   located   close   to   environmentally  

40  
 
  

hazardous   sites   and   potentially   hazardous   to   the   health   of   people   living   in   those   slums.  
However,  86%  did  not  report  any  major  illnesses  in  the  last  3  months.  
Of   all   the   reported   illnesses,   the   most   common   are   Acute   Respiratory   Infections,   nearly   53%  
slum   households   reporting   these.   This   is   unsurprising   as   the   air   and   water   quality   of  
Ludhiana   is   highly   polluted   due   to   industrial   pollutants.   Other   common   illnesses   are  
tuberculosis  (23%),  malaria/dengue  (7%)  and  diarrhea  (2%).  High  incidence  of  TB  in  Ludhiana  
may   due   to   the   poor   quality   sanitation   in   the   city/   settlements.   A   small   number   also  
reported  stones,  cancer,  and  heart  or  brain  disease.    A  very  small  portion  of  the  population  
(less  than  1%)  is  reported  to  be  suffering  from  some  form  of  mental/physical  disabilities.    
Exhibit  37:  Reported  Illnesses  in  Slums  

Percentage  Reported  Illnesses   41.56%  

36.46%  

12.25%  
2.22%   1.27%   1.75%   2.07%  
0.80%   0.80%   0.64%  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 
For   treatment   of   major   diseases/illnesses,   majority   of   households   (50.4%)   go   to   the   Urban  
Health   Centers   (UHC)   or   Primary   Health   Centers   (PHC)   and   40%   to   Self-­‐Owned   clinics.   For  
treatment   of   minor   illnesses,   people   prefer   nearby   Self-­‐Owned   clinics   (70%),   followed   by  
Urban  Health  Centers  (20%)  and  lastly  government  hospitals  (4%).    Reliance  on  Self-­‐Owned  
health   care   is   indicative   of   poor   quality   public   health   care.   It   is   also   because   Self-­‐Owned  
clinics  as  opposed  to  government  facilities  are  closer,  convenient  and  friendly.        
 
Nearly   81%   households   spend   up   to   Rs2000   per   month   on   health   care.   Average   monthly  
health   expense   per   households   is   Rs234.   Only   39   slums   have   a   Primary   Health  
Centre/government  hospital/dispensary  within  a  distance  of  less  than  3kms;  and  110  within  
a   distance   of   less   than   5kms.  Distance   to   access   these   services   adds   to   the   health   costs   of  
the  people.      
 
Exhibit  38:  Healthcare  facilities  opted  in  case  of  Major  Illnesses    

Health  Care:  Major  Illness   Health  Care:  Minor  Illness  

49.71%   86.34%  
39.86%  

6.96%   5.17%   1.24%  

7.13%   0.29%  
2.81%  
0.43%  
Hospital  

UHC  

PHC  

Other  
Private  Clinic  
Govt.  

   
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  

41  
 
  

Education  
Out  of  11844,  almost  32%  (3688)  of  the  families  have  school  going  children.  Majority  of  the  
children   are   below   5   years.   There   is   a   drop   in   students   of   age   14   and   above,   indicating   a  
dropout  rate.  
Exhibit  39:  Education  Profile  among  Children  in  Slums  

Overall  Education  ProTile  

7%   Pre-­‐school  

17%   Junior  school  

11%  
65%  
Middle  school  

Senior  school  

 
Source:  Household  Survey,  2014  
 

2.5. Community  FGDs  

The  FGDs  with  the  local  residents  of  the  area  are  undertaken  in  each  slum  for  addressing  key  
issues  concerning  urban  poor  living  in  these  areas.  All  the  groups  are  consulted  in  order  to  
identify  prime  concerns  and  have  various  each  point  of  view  on  similar  as  well  as  different  
issues.   The   discussions   are   held   on   themes   like   water,   road,   sewer,   health   issues,  
occupations,  education  and  different  government  schemes,  etc.  The  discussions  are  held  to  
understand   their   priorities   and   possible   solution   to   their   concerns.     The   FGDs   have   been  
consolidated  and  the  observations  and  aspirations  of  the  poor  are  provided  below.    
 
Slums:  Slum  settlements  in  the  city  reportedly  came  up  in  the  1970’s.  Some  are  very  small,  
with  just  about  30  houses,  while  the  larger  ones  have  over  2000  households.  All  settlements  
have  been  in  existence  for  over  40  years.  Some  of  the  smaller  ones  date  back  to  late  1950’s.  
 
Socio   economic   Profile:   Residents   of   squatter   settlements   are   mostly   migrants   from   the  
states   of   Bihar,   Uttar   Pradesh,   Uttranchal,   Rajasthan   and   Haryana.   Migrants   from   within  
Punjab  have  also  settled  in  these  slums.  A  mix  of  Hindus,  Muslims,  Sikhs  and  Christians  live  
in   these   settlements.     The   population   is   a   mix   of   scheduled   caste,   other   backward   caste   and  
general  category  families.  Majority  has  UIDs  but  very  few  have  ration  or  voter  ID  cards.    
 
Land:   Squatter   settlements   are   mostly   on   public   lands,   belonging   either   to   the   State   or  
Central   Government   agencies   such   as   railways.   Smaller   ones   also   occupy   industrial   lands  
that  are  Self-­‐Ownedly  owned  but  are  unclaimed.    
 
Slum  Streets  Slum  streets  are  narrow  and  mostly  kutcha.  No  effort  has  been  made  to  pave  
or   concretize   the   inside   lanes   by   the   MCL.   Some   settlements   have   a   wide   main   street   (20  
feet)  that  is  paved  and  linked  to  the  main  road.  Roadside  settlements  open  directly  on  to  the  
main  road.  
 
Housing:  People  living  in  these  squatter  settlements  do  not  have  ownership  rights.  However,  
no  one  paid  any  money  to  and  intermediaries  at  the  time  of  settling  down.  

42  
 
  

 
Water:   Water   in   the   settlement   is   supplied   from   municipal   bore   wells   outside   slum  
settlements  connected  to  pipes  that  stretch  inside.  Most  households  use  community  water  
stand   posts   provided   by   MCL   in   the   settlement   however   only   70%   of   these   taps   are  
functional.  Other  households  have  water  supply  at  home,  having  illegally  extended  pipelines  
from  the  municipal  supply  to  their  homes  by  paying  a  connection  cost  (to  intermediaries)  for  
plumbing.   Where   people   have   invested   in   galli   extensions,   they   also   protect   the   pipes   to  
ensure  these  do  not  get  damaged.    
 
Water   is   supplied   for   two   hours   each,   thrice   a   day   –   morning,   afternoon   and   evening.  
Despite   this,   the   quantity   of   water   in   some   settlements,   particularly   the   large   ones   is  
insufficient  with  frequent  fights  over  water  sharing.  Low  water  pressure  (takes  10  minutes  
for   one   bucket   to   fill   up)   and   power   outages   are   responsible   for   inadequate   or   no   water  
supply  to  these  settlements.  Residents  face  the  problem  of  poor  water  pressure  especially  in  
the  summer  months.    
 
Since   connections   are   illegally   drawn,   households   do   not   pay   water   charges   nor   does   the  
Corporation  bill  them  for  the  same.  A  few  older  settlements  pay  Rs100  per  month  as  fixed  
charges  for  water  use  to  the  MCL.    
 
Toilets:  Many   houses   have   individual   toilets   which   are   connected   to   the   city’s   trunk   sewers.  
In   some   cases   where   the   settlements   are   along   the   drains,   they   directly   discharge   sewage  
into  these.  Households  do  not  pay  any  sanitation  charge  for  using  the  sewers  and  the  MCL  is  
responsible   for   the   regular   maintenance   of   the   sewers.   There   are   hardly   any   Community  
Toilet  Complexes  and  those  that  are  present  and  non-­‐functional.  Due  to  this,  some  people  
have  made  pits  while  others  continue  to  defecate  in  open  spaces.    
 
Drains:  The  majority  of  settlements  do  not  have  surface  drains.  However  most  settlements  
are   connected   to   a   sewer   line   and   people   have   set   up   Self-­‐Owned   connections   of   their  
toilets   to   the   sewer   line.   The   cost   for   maintaining   these   connections   is   between   Rs.500   to  
Rs.2000.  Some  settlements  do  not  have  any  sewer  line  and  community  members  have  built  
small  pits  to  collect  their  waste.  Household  wastewater  is  directly  discharged  into  the  trunk  
sewers.  Only  2  to  3  areas  have  paid  maintenance  system  for  sewer  related  problems.  
 
Solid  Waste:  The  majority  of  households  dump  their  waste  in  open  spaces  and  on  the  road  
nearby.   There   is   no   provision   of   a   government   karamchari   to   collect   the   waste   from  
households  or  any  designated  collection  site/dhallao.  In  some  areas  a  collector  hired  by  the  
MCL  picks  up  the  waste  and  charges  around  Rs.30/-­‐  but  he  is  not  regular.  A  small  percentage  
of   people   have   hired   a   Self-­‐Owned   collector   to   carry   out   a   door-­‐to-­‐door   waste   collection  
system.  There  is  no  provision  of  Community  Toilet  Complexes  and  so  all  menstrual  waste  is  
also  thrown  in  the  open.      
 
Power   Supply:   Nearly   90%   of   the   households   have   Self-­‐Owned   metered   power   supply.  
There   are   some   residents   who   do   not   have   any   electricity   and   buy   power   from   their  
neighbours.  These  households  were  refused  connections  by  the  electricity  department.  The  
residents   with   power   supply   complain   of   having   to   pay   high   electricity   bills.   There   are   no  
connections  to  a  meter  from  the  electricity  department.  In  many  settlements  there  are  no  
streetlights   or   poles   and   in   those   that   have   streetlights   they   are   non-­‐functional.   There   are  
many  electric  wires  in  dangerous  conditions  and  a  constant  fear  of  fire.  The  streets  remain  
dark   and   are   dangerous   in   the   night   –   molestation,   thefts   etc.   are   common.   There   is   one  
settlement  that  uses  diyas  to  light  up  their  homes.    

43  
 
  

 
Livelihoods:   The   main   source   of   livelihood   for   residents   is   split   between   working   in   Self-­‐
Owned   factories   and   being   engaged   in   Self-­‐Owned   jobs.   Around   30%   of   women   are  
employed  either  as  factory  workers  or  domestic  help.  A  small  percentage  of  the  population  
is  self  employed  and  while  some  work  as  sanitary  workers  with  the  Corporation  others  are  
street  vendors.    
 
Transport:   A   very   small   percentage   of   people   own   personal   vehicles;   majority   use   public  
transport  or  travel  by  rickshaws,  tempos  or  three  wheelers.    
 
Health   Services:   Common   illnesses   in   the   slums   are   coughs   and   colds,   fevers,   diarrhoea,  
jaundice,  typhoid,  dengue,  tuberculosis  etc.  In  a  few  settlements,  1  or  2  deaths  per  year  due  
to   Dengue   and   Jaundice   have   been   recorded.   There   are   no   government   health   centres   or  
dispensaries  in  the  settlements  and  those  that  are  present  are  situated  at  least  5-­‐7  km  away  
at   a   fair   distance.   In   cases   where   people   do   travel   to   the   government   hospitals,   they   use  
their  personal  vehicles  or  go  by  rickshaws,  tempos  or  public  transport.      
 
For  minor  problems  people  prefer  fee-­‐paying  neighbourhood  Self-­‐Owned  clinics  or  nursing  
homes.   These   are   expensive   and   the   poorest   cannot   afford   to   get   treated   here   and   so   delay  
seeking  treatment  till  desperate.  Travel  to  and  from  the  hospital  is  also  expensive  and  hence  
avoided.    
 
However,   people   still   mostly   visit   Self-­‐Owned   doctors   and   clinics   and   hardly   ever   go   to  
government   hospitals.   They   complain   that   the   staff   at   the   government   hospitals   is   not  
attentive  and  very  rude.    
 
In  some  slums  health  workers  make  visits  to  administer  polio  and  other  vaccinations  but  in  
most   slums   the   residents   take   their   children   either   to   the   dispensary   or   a   Self-­‐Owned  
hospital  for  vaccines.  However,  mostly  immunization  services  are  not  available  in  or  near  the  
settlements.  These  are  accessed  through  Self-­‐Owned  health  care  on  personal  initiative  and  
by  paying  a  fee.    
 
Education:   There   are   no   government   schools   in   the   slum   settlement   itself.   In   most  
settlements   half   the   population   of   children   go   to   Self-­‐Owned   schools   while   those   that  
cannot  afford  Self-­‐Owned  schools  attend  the  government  schools.    In  some  settlements  the  
children  do  not  have  any  access  to  education  as  the  Self-­‐Owned  schools  are  too  expensive  
and   the   government   schools   are   situated   too   far   away.   In   this   case   children   are   often  
engaged   in   collecting   waste   and   rag   picking.   People   would   like   to   have   government  
education  facilities  near  their  settlements  so  that  their  children  can  attend  school.  There  is  
also  no  anganwadi  near  the  settlement.  
 
Access  to  Welfare  Scheme:  Residents   are   unaware   of   welfare   schemes   and   while   they   have  
various   forms   of   Identification   cards   they   feel   these   are   of   no   use.   80%   of   residents   have  
Aadhar   cards   and   Voter   Cards.   About   60%   residents   have   Ration   Cards   and   a   very   low  
percentage   has   BPL   cards.   Officials,   say   people   are   reluctant   to   share   information   about  
beneficiary  schemes.  
 

44  
 
  

Exhibit  40:  A  sample  FGD  with  one  of  the  slums  in  Ludhiana    

 
 

 
 

45  
 
  

 
 

 
 

 
 

46  
 
  

2.6. Slums,  GIS  and  Boundary  Mapping    

a. Slum  Validation:    
CURE   started   the   mapping   process   by   procuring   the   MCL   2003   list   for   slums.   Site   visits   were  
made   to   validate   the   status   of   each   slum.   Old   settlements   found   upgraded   were   deleted  
from   the   list.   Further,   CURE   field   staff   made   a   complete   sweep   of   the   city   to   identify   new  
squatter  settlements.  The  final  list  of  settlements  was  shared  with  MCL  councilors  in  small  
zone   meetings,   who   validated   the   lists   for   their   areas.   New   settlements   recommended   by  
the  Councilors  were  visited  to  confirm  if  these  were  indeed  slums  and  to  draw  up  the  final  
list.    
Vehdas  have  not  been  mapped  for  now,  as  MCL  is  still  ambivalent  about  inclusion  of  these  
areas  on  Self-­‐Owned  lands  within  the  ambit  of  slum  planning.    

b. Base  Map  
All   slum   settlements,   barring   vehdas   have   been   mapped   on   the   city   map   of   Ludhiana.   The  
map   of   Ludhiana   with   Town   and   Country   Planning   Department   prepared   on   GIS   using  
satellite  imagery  has  been  used  as  the  base  map  to  ensure  convergence.  The  TCPO  base  map  
shows  ward  boundaries  and  city  landmarks.  The  base  map  was  verified  and  updated  through  
handheld  Arc  pads  with  inbuilt  GPS  devices.  GIS  Map  is  enclosed.  

c. Slum  Mapping  
MCL   list   of   slums   for   2003   was   used   as   the   starting   point   for   the   mapping.   Mobile   ArcGIS  
with   GPS   was   used   simultaneously   to   mark   the   exact   locations   of   each   slum   on   the   TCPO  
base   map.   A   point   layer   was   prepared   to   mark   all   points   such   as   road-­‐cross   sections,   end  
streets,  corner  plots  and  land  features  in  the  slums.  These  point  features  were  later  brought  
onto   ArcGIS   to   overlay   it   on   the   satellite   imagery   of   the   base   map.   The   points   were  
connected  together  to  shape  the  slum  boundaries  and  has  created  an  accurate  spatial  layout  
of  physical  features  /ground  data.  Below  is  the  Boundary  map  of  Slums  in  Ludhiana.  
 
Exhibit  41:  Boundary  Map  of  Slums,  Ludhiana    

47  
 
  

d. Spatial  Analysis  of  Slums  in  Ludhiana  

218  slums  have  been  located  on  the  Ludhiana  map  (Map  3).  A  spatial  analysis  of  the  slums  
suggests  that;  a.  the  city  centre  is  free  of  slum  settlements  -­‐  the  nearest  located  about  1.5  
kms   from   centre;   b.   slums   are   mostly   concentrated   on   the   urban   periphery   towards   the  
Northeast   and   the   Southeast,   along/close   to   the   Ludhiana-­‐Rohan   road   and   NH1  
respectively.   These   are   also   the   areas   where   the   city’s   industries   are   located;   and   c.   large  
numbers  are  also  located  along  the  railway  track  passing  through  the  city.    
 
Slum  settlements  are  small  in  size,  the  average  populations  ranging  between  500  and  3000  
or  about  100  to  600  households.  Very  few  large  settlements  are  found  in  Ludhiana.    
 
Not   many   new   slums   have   come   up   in   Ludhiana   in   the   past   decade   –   only   11   slums   have  
been  added  to  the  total  in  last  decade.  From  the  old  list  however,  3  slums  were  dropped  as  
these   were   fully   upgraded   or   relocated   to/proposed   to   be   resettled   in   the   new   BSUP  
housing.   This   is   indicative   of   two   things;   one,   MCL   has   been   able   to   contain   the   growth   of  
squatter  areas  and  two,  Self-­‐Owned  sector  has  created  a  housing  stock  for  poor  migrants  in  
slum-­‐like   tenements   -­‐   Vehdas.   Vehdas   are   not   illegal   encroachments   on   government   lands  
but  Self-­‐Ownedly  built  housing  albeit  with  inappropriate  land  use  which  makes  them  illegal  
and  for  which  the  State  need  not  be  responsible.        
Ø Distribution  of  Slums  by  Zones  and  Wards    
The  city  has  four  zones  and  75  wards.  Of  these  wards,  only  40  wards  have  slums.  Zone-­‐B  in  
the   northeast   has   the   maximum   number   of   slums,   accounting   to   almost   50%   (N=93)   of   all  
slums  in  Ludhiana.  Zone  B  is  at  the  urban  periphery  and   its  cheaper/  easily  available  land  for  
housing  may  be  the  reason  for  this.  The  area  is  also  close  to  major  industries.  Zone  C  for  the  
same  reason,  has  the  next  highest  number  of  slums.  Between  the  two  they  have  70%  of  all  
city’s  slums.  
 
Exhibit  42:  Zone-­‐wise  Distribution  of  Slums  

 
Ward  wise  Distribution  of  Slums  
35  
30  
No.  of  Slums  

25  
20  
15  
10  
5  
0  
1   4   6   8   13   15   17   24   27   30   32   43   46   52   55   58   60   64   71   74  
Ward  No  
 
Source:  Slum  Survey,  2014  

48  
 
  

Across  all  wards,  Ward  7  has  the  maximum  number  of  slums  followed  by  Wards  14,  73,  74  
and   75.   Together   these   5   wards   account   for   nearly   70%   of   city’s   slums.   The   details   of   the  
slums  in  these  wards  are  annexed.  
 
Exhibit  43:  Geographical  distributions  of  Wards  with  Slums  in  Ludhiana  City  

 
 
Exhibit  44:  Geographic  distributions  of  Zones  and  Slums  

2/3rd  of   slums  lies  

in  these  2  zones  

 
Source:  Slum  Survey,  2014  

49  
 
  

Table  3.3:  Dispersal  of  Slums  in  Ludhiana  Municipal  Area  

Zones   Slums   Households   Area  under  Slums    
  Nos.   %   Nos.   %   Hectare   %  
A   21   10.4     8.20   145.23   8.5  
B   94   47.0     49.5   780.38   45.9  
C   41   20.3     24.30   482.45   28.4  
D   45   22.3     18.00   292.83   17.2  
TOTAL   201   100     100   1700.80   100  
Source:  Household  Survey  Ludhiana,  CURE    
 

 
 
Table  3.4:  Zone  wise  Distribution  of  slums  by  their  Household  Size  
Zone   Category      
500   to   1000   250   to   500   100   to   250  
    >1000    HHs   HHs   HHs   HHs   <100    HHs   TOTAL  
A   0   1   5   11   8   25  
B   4   8   18   30   23   83  
C   3   5   8   12   17   108  
D   1   0   4   7   17   29  
TOTAL   8   14   35   60   65   182  
 

e. Average  land  holdings  in  slums  

Slums  in  Ludhiana  occupy  a  total  land  area  of  1701  Hectares  in  the  city  or  just  10.7%  of  city  
area.   Average   numbers   of   households   per   slum   is   294.     Land   area   occupied   per   household   is  
287  sq.  m/HH  and  land  per  capita  is  56  sq.  m/person  (approx).  
 
 
   

50  
 
  

3. Categorization  of  Slums  

3.1 Tenability  Assessment  

   To   decide   the   development   strategy   for   the   slums,   a   tenability   assessment   of   Ludhiana  
slums  has  been  undertaken.  Tenable  slums  are  capable  of  being  upgraded  on  the  same  site  
and  need  not  be  relocated.  
 
A   slum   is   considered   tenable   if   it   is   not   located   on   a   hazardous   site   and   is   fit   for   human  
habitation  and  its  land  is  not  earmarked  for  any  public  purpose  and  can  be  regularized  in  the  
same   location.   A   slum   is   deemed   non-­‐tenable   if   its   location   can   be   hazardous   to   people’s  
health   and   lives   such   as   if   located   in   industrial   areas,   along   major   drains   in   ecologically  
sensitive   spots.   It   is   also   untenable   if   the   land   has   been   identified   for   public   utilities   and  
services  such  as  major  roads,  railway  tracks,  trunk  infrastructure,  etc.  Slums  that  are   located  
on   lands   zoned   for   non-­‐residential   uses,   as   prescribed   by   the   Master   Plan   but   not   on  
hazardous  sites  can  be  considered  semi  tenable.  
 
Exhibit  45:  The  logical  process  followed  in  determining  the  tenability  of  slums    

 
Ø Categorization  of  the  slums  by  tenability  
Of   the   182   slums   assessed   for   tenability,   45  
slums   are   tenable.   These   slums   have  
households   with   legal   land   titles.   They   are  
located   on   non-­‐hazardous   areas   and  
conform   to   proposed   land   use.   33   slums  
are   non-­‐tenable   i.e.   located   on   public   land   31  
and  in  hazardous  land  use   areas.  104  slums  
are   semi-­‐tenable.   These   can   be   developed  
in   situ   by   land   use   regularization.   Please  
see  annexure  for  a  detailed  list.  
151  
 
  Exhibit  46:  Slums  categorized  by  Land  Ownership  
 

51  
 
  

Ø Land  ownership  of  slums  

Nearly   80%   slum   households   in   Ludhiana   have   legal   ownership   right   to   the   land.   Slums  
where   people   have   self-­‐owned   land   parcels   but   which   fall   under   non-­‐conforming   uses   or  
hazardous   areas   shall   be   considered   for   in   situ-­‐upgrading   unless   people   collectively   and  
willingly  surrender  their  lands  to  be  relocated.      
Matrix  showing  relation  between  non-­‐tenable  slums  and  land  ownership  is  provided  below.  
Of  the  slums  on  pubic  lands,  majority  is  on  hazardous  lands  or  has  non-­‐conforming  land  use.  
Very  few  of  self-­‐owned  land  are  in  risky  areas.  Most  are  however,  not  on  residential  lands.  
 
Table  3.5:  Slums  categorized  on  Land  Tenure  
Hazardous   Non-­‐Confirming  
    Total   Area   Land-­‐use  
Slums  on  encroached  (Public)  Land   31   13   11  
Slums  on  self-­‐owned  Land   151   9   71  
Total   182   22   82  
Source:  Slum  Survey,  2014  

3.2 Prioritization  of  Tenable  Slums  through  Priority  Matrix  

As   part   of   the   assessment,   slums   in   Ludhiana   were   prioritized   on   the   basis   of   their  
vulnerability.   The   purpose   is   to   phase   the   upgrading   plan   by   prioritizing   the   most   vulnerable  
first   for   investments.   Such   a   prioritization   helps   when   funds   are   limited   and   need   to   be  
deployed  to  maximize  benefits.  
 
Three   parameters   are   used   in   the   matrix:   infrastructure   deficiency,   housing   condition   and  
tenure  status.  The  latter  two  indicators  indicate  the  degree  of  vulnerability  for  the  slums.  All  
slums   are   scored   against   each   of   these   indicators.   The   average   scores   for   Infrastructure  
deficiency  and  vulnerability  hence  determine  ranges  representing  worst,  average  and  good  
slum   settlements.   Each   slum   gets   a   rank   based   on   where   it   falls   in   the   2x2x23  matrix   format.  
This  matrix  helps  to  develop  a  systematic  and  transparent  process  to  categorize  slums.  

a. Infrastructure  Deficiency  Assessment  

Infrastructure   deficiency   (ID)   in   each   slum   is   assessed   using   a   two-­‐step   approach.   From  
focused  group  discussions  with  slum  dwellers,  service  requirements  were  identified.  Based  
on   these,   percent   deficiency   of   these   services   in   the   slums   was   determined.   The   service  
standards   developed   during   community   consultations   included;   individual   water   supplies  
connections,   pucca   access   and   in-­‐slum   roads,   sewerage   connections   and   in-­‐house   toilet  
facilities.   The   percentage   deficiency   was   measured   on   a   5-­‐point   scale   for   each   parameter,  
where   0   being   the   lowest   value   or   the   poorest   level   and   5   being   the   highest   value.   The  
difference   between   the   highest   and   lowest   values   was   then   divided   by   5   to   get   the   range.  
The   composite   score   of   all   the   parameters   was   added   to   get   the   overall   ID   score   for   each  
slum.  Slums  with  the  following  scores  were  rated  with  high  or  low  vulnerability.  

• Total  Score  of  less  or  equal  to  25:  High  level  of  infrastructure  (code  1)  
• Total  Score  of  greater  than  25:  Low  level  of  infrastructure  (Code  2)    
                                                                                                                       
 
 
3
 The   2x2x2   matrix   represents   (Less   Infrastructure   deficiency)   X   (Permanent   Housing)   X  
(Secure  Tenure).    
The   1x1x1   represents   (High   Infrastructure   deficiency)   X   (Temporary   Housing)   X   (Insecure  
Tenure)  

52  
 
  

Based   on   the   infrastructure   deficiency   assessment,   the   slums   have   been   categorised   into  
five  priority  bands  based  on  infrastructure  deficiency.  Priority  1  includes  slums  that  have  the  
worst  infrastructure  levels  -­‐  absent  or  minimal.  Priority  5  includes  slums  that  are  well  served.  
 

Priority  1   Priority  2   Priority  3   Priority  4   Priority  5  

• 54  slums   • 22  Slums   • 38  Slums   • 40  Slums   •  18  Slums  

 
 
Based  on  this  assessment  and  availability  of  funds  and  other  resources,  the  city  can  begin  
by   a.   investing   heavily   in   the   least   served   areas   while   simultaneously   make   minimal  
invests  in  already  served  areas  to  upgrade  and  exclude  from  the  slum  list.  A  third  approach  
can  be  a  mix  of  two.  

b. Housing  Parameters  
Housing  iss  assessed  on  the  basis  of  structural  condition  of  housing  in  the  area,  pucca,  semi  
pucca  or  kuccha  using  the  Census  definition.  The  following  scoring  pattern  is  used.  

• Score  1:  slums  with  60%  or  more  housing  being  pucca   (combination  of  roof  and  
wall  and  Census  definition  for  kuccha/pucca)  
• Score  2:  slums  with  60%  or  more  housing  being  kucha  
 

c. Tenure  Security    
Secure   Tenure   is   considered   where   formal   property   rights   are   a.   registered   (including  
ownership,   leasehold   and   use/occupancy   rights)   in   most   cases,   b.   unregistered   but  
documented   (e.g   rental,   rent   to   buy,   unregistered   leases,   etc),   c.   group/family/household  
rights  (e.g.  customary/tribal/clan  family  rights,  Islamic  tenure  types,  community  land  trusts,  
etc),   and   d.   unregistered   and   undocumented   (e.g.   adverse   possession,   use   or   occupancy  
rights  without  certificated,  customary  rights)  
 
Insecure   Tenure   was   where   there   were;   a.   written   agreements   between   irregular   owners  
and  tenants,  de  facto  recognition,  illegal  subdivisions,  customary  rights,  tenancy  at  will,  etc.  
b.  undocumented  agreements  as  above.  Scores  were  assigned  as  follows:  

• Score  1:  slums  with  60%  or  more,  having  secure  tenure.  
• Score  2:  slums  with  60%  or  less,  having  secure  tenure.  
 

3.3 Prioritization  Matrix  

The   three   parameters;   Housing,   Infrastructure   and   Tenure   are   synthesized   for   each   slum  
(refer  detailed  scoring  and  ranking  at  annexure).  All  slums  are  then  graded  according  to  the  
degree   of   deficiency.   The   Housing,   Infrastructure   and   tenure   matrix   is   a   2x2x2   matrix  
depicted  in  the  following  section.  The  matrix  is  used  for  arriving  at  two  important  facts,  a.  
the  prioritization  of  slums  and  b.  the  suitable  development  option  for  each  slum.  Based  on  
the  categorization  of  each  slum,  the  table  below  shows  the  number  of  slums  falling  under  
each  category.  The  vulnerability  has  also  been  assessed  by  zones,  as  can  be  seen  in  the  2x2  
tables   below.   Note:  The  analysis  of  vulnerability  of  slums  has  been  done  on  zonal  level,  to  
keep  it  simple  and  classified.  
   

53  
 
  

a. Matrix  for  Zone  A  

 
   

b. Matrix  for  Zone  B  

c. Matrix  for  Zone  C  

d. Matrix  for  Zone  D  

 
 
 
   

54  
 
  

Table:  showing  Different  Slums  under  different  categories  

S.  No.   Ranking  Category   Total   Zone-­‐A   Zone-­‐B   Zone-­‐C   Zone-­‐D  

1   1x1x1   29   3   9   14   3  
2   1x1x2   4   1   0   1   2  
3   1x2x1   5   1   3   1   0  
4   2x1x1   54   8   30   16   0  
5   1x2x2   3   2   0   1   0  
6   2x1x2   23   7   10   5   1  
7   2x2x1   20   1   11   6   2  
8   2x2x2   36   4   20   1   11  

TOTAL   -­‐   182   14   83   45   29  

Source:  Slum  Survey,  2014  

3.4 Matrix  Analysis  

All   the   slums   falling   under   the   first   category   (1x1x1)   are   the   ones,   which   are   the   most  
vulnerable   slums,   lacking   infrastructure   services,   proper   built   structures/housing,   etc.  
Subsequently,   category   2,   3   and   4   are   the   next   vulnerable   set   comprising   of   slums   falling  
short  on  any  two  of  the  three  parameters  used.  Lastly  is  the  set  of  category  5,  6  and  7  which  
have   slums   that   need   a   minimal   investment   to   be   upgraded   as   two   of   the   parameters   are  
sufficiently  at  par  with  the  city  averages.  Please  see  the  ranking  table  at  annex  x.  
 
From   the   above   table   it   is   seen   that   29   slums   are   far   below   standards   making   them   non-­‐
habitable   and   need   immediate   solutions   and   inputs   from   the   city   government.   Almost   44  
slums  are  at  par  with  the  standards  and  need  to  be  delisted  from  the  slum  list.  A  significant  
number   of   slums   (54   slums)   falls   under   the   category   ‘2x1x1’,   which   shall   have   similar  
strategies  for  development.  These  strategies  of  development  are  discussed  in  the  following  
section.  
 

3.5 Formulation  of  Development  Strategy    

Slum   development   options   have   been   decided   on   the   basis   of   slum   vulnerability   and  
tenability,   in   particular   slum   land   ownership,   tenure,   density   and   value.   Slums   may   be  
developed  using  three  options.  These  are  presented  below  in  order  of  priority.    
 

a. In-­‐situ  upgrading  
147  tenable  settlements  or  the  unauthorized-­‐un-­‐regularized  colonies  and  selected  squatter  
settlements)  mostly  with  secure  land  tenure,  appropriate  land  use  as  per  the  City’s  Master  
Plan,   and   low   to   medium   vulnerability   shall   be   upgraded   on   the   same   site   and   on   as-­‐is-­‐
where-­‐is  basis.  In-­‐situ  upgrading  shall  ensure  existing  livelihoods  of  the  poor  can  continue.  
Depending  on  the  context,  the  city  shall  chose  one  of  three  upgrading  options;  i.  only  bring  
in   the   basic   services   with   last   mile   connections;   ii.   Upgrade   kutcha,   semi-­‐pucca   houses   to  
pucca  with  in-­‐house  services  as  per  RAY  norms;  and  c.  upgrade  pucca  houses  with  in-­‐house  
services,  where  missing  and  create  additional  space  in  small  houses.  
 

55  
 
  

b. Redevelopment  
Semi   tenable   slums   (1   in   number)   shall   be   redeveloped   on   the   same   site.   This   would   include  
demolishing   hutments   and   rebuilding   housing   in   multi-­‐level   structures   and   by   shifting  
residents  to  transit  accommodation  during  the  reconstruction.      

c. Resettlement:    
32  slums  that  are  highly  vulnerable,  untenable  settlements  with  no  land  tenure  i.e.  mostly  
squatter  settlements  shall  be  resettled  with  housing,  services  and  livelihoods  rehabilitation  
(recognizing  that  development  through  far-­‐site  relocation  has  an  adverse  impact  on  people’s  
livelihoods  and  incomes)  on  the  basis  of  a  resettlement  plan.  Resettlement  may  be  in:    
Ø Site  and  Services  Schemes  
Scheme   proposed   in   serviced   plots   with   basic   infrastructure   and   secure   tenure.   In   this  
model,  people  can  incrementally  build  their  own  housing  with  technical  support  from  MCL.  
Ø New  Housing  
Housing   with   all   basic   services   in   near   or   far-­‐site   resettlement   in   multi-­‐level   or   low-­‐rise  
housing   depending   on   demand   and   land   availability.   This   would   include   households   in  
existing   slums   and   new   migrants.   A   livelihoods’   rehabilitation   plan   shall   be   part   of   the  
housing   design   to   create   space   for   employment   and   generate   new   opportunities   in   the  
neighborhood.  
 

3.6 Development  Model  as  per  the  new  AHP  

a. Tenable  Slums:  
Ø Slums  on  Govt./  Central  Govt.  Land  
§ On  Private  Partnership  basis  by  using  land  as  a  resource  
§ Such  slum  lands  to  be  given  Additional  FSI/TDR  by  State/ULB  
§ Private  builders  to  exploit  part  of  the  land  or  FSI/TDR  for  Commercial  Purposes  
§ Private  builders  to  build  houses  for  eligible  Slum  Dwellers  at  free  of  cost  
§ Private  builders  through  transparent  bidding  process  
§ Not  all  slums  amenable  for  cross  subsidization  
Ø Other  slums  will  require  funding  from  Government  
§ Government   of   India   and   State   Governments   to   share   financial   burden   in   case   of  
viability  gap  (60-­‐75%)    
§ Some   slums   may   result   into   surplus   to   State   Government/ULBs   to   be   used   for   cross  
subsidization  of  other  slums    
Ø Slums  on  Private  Land    
§ Slums   on   private   land   to   be   developed   by   giving   additional   FSI/TDR   to   owner   for  
providing  in-­‐situ  housing  to  existing  slum  dwellers    
§ Government  of  India/State  Governments  to  prescribe  Technical  Specifications  and  
Area  norms  for  housing  to  Slum  Dwellers    

b. Un-­‐Tenable  Slums  
§ Slums   located   on   sites   not   fit   for   Residential   Purpose   like   river   bed,   forest,   drain  
lines,  High  tension  lines  etc.  are  to  be  relocated  to  Tenable  Sites.  
§ Expenditure  to  be  shared  between  GoI,  State  Govt  and  ULB  
 
Every  slum  that  is  to  be  taken  up  for  development  must  be  studied  in  detail  and  proposals  
shall  be  based  on  detailed  study.  

56  
 
  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Section  4:  Housing  Study    

57  
 
  

4. Housing  study  

4.1 Housing  Supply  trends  for  the  Urban  Poor  

The   housing   supply   in   Ludhiana   has   been   mostly   by   the   Self-­‐Owned   sector,   be   it   by  
developers   catering   to   MIG   and   LIG   groups   or   individual   housing   or   Vehdas   for   the   poor.  
Though  there  are  multiple  public  agencies  providing  housing  like  Department  of  Housing  &  
Urban   Development,   PUDA,   Improvement   Trust,   Housefed   and   Municipal   Corporation,  
Ludhiana;   over   the   last   5   years,   only   2812   houses   for   urban   poor   under   the   BSUP   scheme  
have  been  built  in  Ludhiana.    
Public   Self-­‐Owned  
Housing   Self-­‐
Government   Board,   Owned  
Employment   Parastata Cooperat Employee   Develop-­‐ Cooperat
    Housing   l  Housing   -­‐ives   Housing   rs   -­‐ives   Individuals  
2008-­‐
2812   0   0   0   na   na   na  
2014  
Source:  Building  permissions  2009-­‐2014,  MCL  
 
From  the  table  above  it  is  clear  that  the  new  housing  stock  in  last  five  years  largely  fails  to  
cater   to   the   needs   of   lower   income   and   economically   weaker   section’s   housing   demands.  
The  government  has  to  greatly  concentrate  to  create  housing  stock  for  LIG  &  EWS  categories  
on  the  pattern  defined  in  the  National  Urban  Housing  &  Habitat  Policy-­‐2007  and  the  newly  
formed  AHP  Scheme.  

4.2 Assessment  of  Housing  needs  and  demands  in  Ludhiana  

The  city  of  Ludhiana  has  over  the  last  2  decades  grown  more  than  60%  in  terms  of  its  total  
population,   in   contrast   to   the   increase   in   number   of   housing   stock;   this   has   risen   at   only   Ho
32%.   The   population   growth   is   decreasing   as   the   city   is   at   its   threshold.   This   may   result   in   ho
further  reduction  in  the  coming  decade.  The  below  table  shows  the  growth  trend  of  the  city.   Ho
  of  
Table      :  Growth  of  city  population  over  time   Ho
Years   Existing   Projected   sup
 
1991   2001   2011   2021   2031  
Decadal  Growth  (%)   71.77   33.79   15.6   15   12  
Population(nos.)   1042740   1395053   1613878   1856000   2078720  
 

Exhibit  47:  population  Growth  in  Ludhiana  City  

 
Source:  Census  1991,  2001,  2011    

58  
 
  

Number  of  Households  

Year   Occupied  residential  houses   %  growth   No  of  households   %  growth  
1981   108726   -­‐   109015   -­‐  
1991   187408   72.3   193862   77.8  

2001   233982   24.8   266810   37.6  

2011       283136    

Source:  Census  1981,  1991,  2001,  2011  

a. Classified  typology  of  households  

A  breakup  by  location  and  approximate  numbers  are  provided  below.  31%  households  in  the  
city   live   in   slums   as   per   Census   of   India   2011.   Among   the   poor   households,   unauthorized  
urban  areas  followed  by  vehdas  have  the  maximum  share  of  the  poor  followed  by  JJ  clusters  
Table  2:  Classified  Typology  of  Housing  in  Ludhiana  
Housing   Non-­‐slum   Vehda   JJ   Clusters   UUU   Total  
types   (nos.)   (nos.)   (nos.)   (nos.)   (nos.)  
2001   168263   31230   9056   36198   244746  
2011   194656   36128   10476   41876   283136  
 
Exhibit  48:  Classified  typology  of  slum  houses  

 
Source:  Census  2011  

b. Slum  households  in  Ludhiana  

From  the  Household  Survey  carried  out  for  the  preparation  of  the  LSFCPO,  there  are  64071  
households   living   in   various   slum   areas.   Of   these,   12000   houses   are   kuccha   in   need   of  
upgrading.  The  rest  40000  houses  are  pucca  structures,  however,  lack  access  to  one  or  more  
basic  services.  These  houses  need  last  mile  connections  to  connect  to  the  city  infrastructure.  
This  also  should  be  the  priority  for  MCL  as  it  is  less  cost  intensive  and  would  be  quicker  to  
upgrade  from  slum  houses  to  regular  housing.  It  can  be  summarized  as  
 
The  Housing  Shortage  for  Urban  Poor  in  the  City  =  12000  houses  
Demand  for  last  mile  connection  =  40000  houses  

59  
 
  

Exhibit  49:  Methodology  adopted  for  Assessing  Housing  Demand  

Methodology  of  Assessment  of  Housing  Demand  

 
Step  1:  Assessment  of  different  housing  typologies  in  the  city  
Existing   typology   of   the   housing   stock  placed  in  descending  order  (this  order  is  based  on  visual  
observation  of  condition  of  housing  and  services  and  household  survey).  This  order  is  as  under:  

• Standard  Housing  (non-­‐slum)  

• Slum  housing  comprising  of  three  sub-­‐categories,  namely,:  
• Unauthorised/  Unregularised/  Unserviced  plotted  housing  development  (UUU)  
• Vehda   housing   –   an   indigenous   typology   which   is   in   linear   formation   along   the   longer  
sides  of  the  vacant  plots,  on  unapproved  layouts  clubbed  with  sub-­‐standard  services  (VR)  
• Jhuggi   Jhopris/   Slum   quarters   –   temporary   or   semi-­‐permanent   shacks   along   major  
transport  channels,  drains,  vacant  plots  and  others(  JJ)  

Step  2:  Determining  the  proportionate  distribution  of  the  above  typologies  as  currently  existing.  
 
Step   3:   Determining   the   projected   demand   of   housing   typologies   over   time   and   their  
proportionate  distribution  (based  on  a  set  of  assumptions).  
Preconditions  for  strategizing  housing  supply  rely  on  an  aggressive  housing  supply  for  upgrading  
and  construction  of  new  housing  stock  with  the  aim  of  m aking  Ludhiana  a  Slum  Free  City.  
(The  algorithm  for  doing  so  is  explained  while  determining  the  quantity  of  housing  typology)  
 
Step  4:  Estimation  of  housing  for  rental  and  ownership  
Step  5:  Infrastructure  requirements  for  LIG/EWS  Housing  
Step  6:  land  requirement  s  for  LIG/EWS  Housing  
Step  7:  Planning  and  building  standards  to  be  adopted  in  Housing  Layouts.  
Projection  of  housing  by  their  typologies    

c. Proposed  Scenario  for  Year  2021  and  2031  

Assuming   that   the   population   shall   grow   at   12%,   of   which   more   that   40%   would   be   from  
migration,  the  following  housing  demand  shall  be  seen  in  the  next  two  decades.  
Ø Future  Projected  Housing  Demand  
The  following  assumptions  have  been  made  to  derive  at  the  projected  demand.  
1. Ludhiana  shall  continue  to  grow  at  a  decadal  growth  rate  of  12%.    
2. 7%   of   growth   in   cities   is   usually   from   internal   growth,   whereas   5%   is   through  
migration.  Ludhiana’s  growth  by  migration  shall  add  12%  to  the  city’s  popualtion.    
3. At  present,  2/3rd  migrants  live  in  Self-­‐Ownedly  supplied  vehda  housing.    
4. This   2/3rd   shall   need   to   be   provided   housing   by   the   city   in   order   to   have   better  
quality  of  life  for  all.  
To  date  there  are  12000  families  in  need  of  new  houses.  Since  the  present  capacity  of  the  
MCL  is  low,  MCL  would  need  to  plan  for  housing  these  people  in  the  future.  Since  many  of  
the  migrants  may  never  want  to  settle  in  Ludhiana  permanently  It  is  proposed  that  housing  
for   them   be   in   the   form   of   rental   accommodation   –   family   units   or   dormitories   with   good  
quality   basic   services.   At   the   same   time,   MCL   shall   a.   upgrade   infrastructure   in   the  
unauthorized   areas   after   authorizing   these   settlements   and   b.   supporting   Vehdas  
development   by   Self-­‐Owned   people.   For   the   latter,   they   will   need   to   do   the   following;   i.  
change  land  use  from  rural  to  mixed  land  use,  ii  lay  down  the  byelaws  for  development  in  
the   areas,   iii   acquire   the   roads   in   the   area   to   move   in   development   processes   –   basic  
infrastructure   to   improve   the   quality   of   sanitation   and   environment,   iv   incentivize   the  
owners  to  make  the  last  mile  connection  failing  which  to  de-­‐regularize  specific  vehdas.      
 

60  
 
  

Table  :  Projected  Housing  Need  under  different  typologies  

Year   Non-­‐slum   JJ  Clusters  (nos.)   Vehda/Rental  (nos.)   UUU  (nos.)   Total  
2011   194656   10476   36128   41876   283136  
2021   278400   0   44604   0   337454  
2031   362291   -­‐   44604   0   396947  
 
The   following   chart   shows   the   numbers   and   the   housing   strategy   to   cater   to   the   existing  
shortage  and  future  demand.  
 

 
Classified  Slum  Housing  (Year   Slum  Vs.  Non-­‐Slum  Households  
2021)   (Year  2021)  
JJ  Cluster   Vehra   UUU   Non-­‐slum   Slum  

11%   14%  
40%  

49%   86%  

   
Exhibit  50:  Estimated  share  of  slums  as  compared  to  non-­‐slum  households  by  2021  

It  can  be  summarized  that  Ludhiana  shall  need    

• More  than  12000  new  houses  by  Urban  Poor  
• More  than  55000  houses  by  year  2031  in  LIG  and  MIG  category  
• Almost  40000  houses  to  be  connected  to  city  wide  infrastructure  
• Strategy  to  accommodate  population  living  in  sub-­‐standard  Vehdas  

61  
 
  

d. Conclusion  
Total   number   of   DUs   to   be   upgraded:   15000   (Squatter   settlements   +   kuccha   in  
unauthorized  areas)    
Future  Demand:  38000  additional  units  per  decade  based  on  migration  rates  of  the  city  
at  17%.  Of  this  about  7%  is  estimated  from  migration  growth.  
Assuming   that   Self-­‐Owned   sector   would   continue   to   provide   accommodation   to   the  
population  in  rental  housing,  it  is  estimated  that  they  will  cover  70%  housing.    
Additional  individual  housing  units  required  over  a  decade  would  be  11500  units,  
and  the  Land  required  would  be  156.5  hactares  
 
Exhibit  51:  Framework  for  determining  housing  Strategy  

Framework  for  determining  Housing  Strategy    

For   determining   the   housing   strategy   for   a   slum   Free   City,   a  framework   incorporating  
several  perspectives  should  be  kept  in  mind  
 

 
 
 
   

62  
 
  

4.3 Vacant  Land  survey  

A  Vacant  Land  survey  has  been  undertaken  for  all  of  Ludhiana.  Large  parcels  of  lands  were  
identified   from   the   satellite   imagery.   The   availability   of   land   was   verified   on   ground   by   a  
team   of   surveyors.   Once   confirmed   on   ground,   the   ownership   of   the   lands   was   confirmed  
from  the  land  records  department.  
 
It   is   estimated   that   the   land   required   to   construct   the   new   housing   is   almost   385   acres,  
whereas  MCL  has  only  64  acres  of  land  available  with  it  which  is  significantly  less.  This  would  
mean   that   new   lands   have   to   be   acquired   by   the   state   for   the   purpose   of   meeting   the  
housing  demand.  
 
Exhibit  52:  Vacant  Lands  in  Ludhiana  

   

63  
 
  

a. Land  Density  and  Values:    

Two   parameters   that   impact   area   development   options   are   land   densities   and   values.   The  
rule   of   the   thumb   is   that   lands   in   the   core   city   areas   are   both   densely   occupied   and   more  
expensive   then   those   on   the   peri-­‐urban   fringe.   In   Ludhiana,   there   are   hardly   any   slums  
located  in  the  core  city  area.  When  mapped  by  area  land  values,  only  0.2%  is  on  high  land  
value   areas.   Of   these   none   has   legal   tenure   or   land   titles.   As   a   result   there   are   no  
overcrowded  slums  that  need  to  be  upgraded/resettled  and  competing  commercial  interests  
on  high  value  land  values  is  limited  and  it  would  be  possible  to  upgrade  the  settlements  on  
the  existing  sites.  
 
 
Land  Type   Average  Land  value  (estimated)  
High  income   Rs.  29000/  Sq.  Yard  to  Rs.  55000/  
Residential  Land   Sq.  Yard  
Use  
Low  income   Rs.  3000/  Sq.  Yard  to  Rs.  8000/Sq.  
Residential  cum   Yard  
Mixed  Use  
Industrial   60  Lakh  –  80  Lakh  per  Acre  
Agriculture   80  Lakh  –  5  Cr.  per  Acre  

4.4 Supply  and  Demand  Constraints  in  Housing  

The  key  demand  supply  constraints  are;    
 
i. Availability   of   land   for   creating   new   housing,   both   due   to   the   costs   involved   and  
lack   of   availability   of   land   in   the   city.   Some   land   is   available   with   the   Ludhiana  
improvement   Trust.   However,   the   process   of   land   transfers   would   have   to   be  
initiated   and   institutional   arrangements   /partnerships   will   need   to   be   developed  
before  housing  can  happen.  
ii. Land   procurement   adds   to   the   cost   of   housing.   The   city’s   finances   are   weak   and  
would   need   to   be   augmented   significantly   by   redrawing   its   housing   taxation   policies  
and  achievements.    

64  
 
  

iii. Regularization   of   Slums:   Unauthorized  colonies  where  people  have  property  rights  
cannot  be  displaced.  These  form  a  large  segment   slums   and   can   easily   be   developed  
by   regularization   and   releasing   the   energies   of   the   neighbourhood   for   self-­‐
development.  The  process  for  regularization  will  need  to  be  initiated  and  may  take  
some  time  to  happen  as  this  would  need  state  intervention.    
iv. In-­‐situ   development   There  are  very  few  slums  in  the  city  core  area.  The  few  that  are  
there  could  be  developed  in-­‐situ  to  obviate  the  need  for  land  procurement  and  keep  
the   costs   low.   This   would   need   decisions   to   grant   land-­‐tenure   in   these   sites   on   a  
case-­‐to-­‐case  basis.    
v. Housing   of   Migrants   from   Other   States:   There   would   need   to   be   a   decision   to  
provide   housing   with   property   titles   to   families   not   domiciled   in   Punjab;   large  
majority  of  the  poor  people  lack  voter  ID  and  ration  cards  from  the  state.  The  State  
will   need   to   decide   on   some   form   of   temporary   tenure,   besides   creating   rental  
accommodation  –  currently  the  preferred  mode  of  housing  among  the  poorest.    
vi. Investing   in   Vehda   Development:  Vehdas,  the  particular  phenomenon  of  Punjab  is  
tenement   housing   created   by   rich   land   owners   by   converting   rural   lands   into  
residential  lands  in  contravention  of  the  Master  Plan.  These  are  however,  the  worst  
areas   with   respect   to   environmental   services.   RAY   funding   for   upgrading   these,  
would   need   hard   decisions   will   be   made   for   investments   in   city   infrastructure   –  
bringing   in   water,   toilets,   roads,   power   supply,   etc.   inside   these   Self-­‐Owned  
properties.    
vii. Gentrification:  For  slums  households  having  ownership  rights,  their  properties  have  
a   natural   propensity   for   higher   value,   therefore,   when   improved,   owners   can   be  
tempted  to  transfer  or  resell.  Taking  an  affidavit  from  owners  for  a  continuous  stay  
of  10  years  in  the  improved  house  will  ensure  a  well-­‐spent  public  resource.    
viii. Mixed   Use   Development:   There   will   be   need   to   promote   integrated   housing   with  
shopping,  commercial  activity,  space  for  self-­‐employment  work  at  the  ground  levels  
and  residential  areas  on  the  upper  levels.  
ix. Byelaws   for   Vehdas:   Housing   for   the   poor   must   be   planned   with   appropriate  
byelaws.  For  now,  the  idea  is  to  ensure  housing  density  does  not  exceed  400  D.U.s  
per   hectare,   light   angles   are   at   30   degree   and   housing   maintained   for   light   and  
ventilation.  Any  construction  violating  this  norm  should  be  penalized.  
i. Land   reservation:   in   the   slum   vicinity,   land   would   need   to   be   accommodated   for  
new  households,  creating  a  supply  of  15%-­‐20%  per  annum  (for  new  Households).    
 
MAPPING  EACH   SLUM;  Prepare   a  technical  layout  plan  for   each  upgraded  slum  with  
building   standards   for   heights,   road   widths;   minimum   area   of   270   sq   ft.   Per   HH;  
Average  area  of  350  sq  ft.  per  household  (commensurate  with  each  slum)  
Minimum  plot  frontage  3.6  m    
Minimum  room  size  12.5  sqm;  
Minimum  room  width  2.4  m    
Planning  standards  for  upgraded  slums;  
Open  space…….……...0.3  ha/1000  persons  
Roads……………..………  10  -­‐20%  of  site  area  
One  nursery  school…  0.1ha/1500  population  
Micro  shops………….…10  shops/1000  population  
 
 
   

65  
 
  

4.5 Housing  Typology  based  on  structure  

CURE   has   udnertaken   a   housing   typpology   study   to   determine   the   nature   of   housing  
structures   in   the   city   and   to   determine   the   housing   investments.   There   are   three   types   of  
house  structures  in  the  city’s  slums;  kuccha,  semi  pucca  and  pucca.  
Ø Kuccha  House  
Kuccha  or  Chattai  structures  are  found  mostly  in  ths  squatter  or  Jhuggi  Jhopri  settlements.  
These    are  typically  made  up  of  mud,  bamboos  or  corrugated  iron.  Kucha  structures  follow  a  
vernacular  method  of  construction.  Typical  size  of  the  dwelling  unit  is  about  5  sq  mts.  Within  
each   unit,   the   habitable   space   accounts   for   around   2.5   square   metres,     cooking   space  
around  1.5  square  metres  and  the  remaining  is  largely  storage  or  circulation  space.  Washing  
and  toilet  facilities  are  communal  and  the  wastewater  discharges  directly  into  the  drain  
Its  typical  features  are:  
§ High  plinth  (mud  or  brick)  
§ Bamboo  structure  supports  the  roof  
§ Roofs  are  of  plastic  sheets  
§ Broken  wasted  tiles  are  used  for  flooring  
§ The  front  portion  of  the  jhopri  is  being  used  as  a  utility  space.  
 
They  are  normally  found  in  the  periphery  of  the  city  ,under  flyovers,  along  railway  lines  
and  in  the  industrial  area.  
 
 

Bed  
 
 
 
 
Kitchen    
 
With  Chula  
 
 
  Open  
  Space  
 
  Plan  of    Jhuggi  jhopri      

Plastic  roof  
Bamboo  
structure  

High  plinth  (mud  or  bricks')   Floors  of  broken  tiles  

 
Exhibit  53:  Kuccha  house  in  a  Squatter  settlement  in  Ludhiana  

66  
 
  

 
Exhibit  54:  Average  Jhuggi  Size  

     
 
Jhuggi  jhopri  of  Shiv  colony  

 
 
 
Ø Semi-­‐  Pucca  House  
Semi-­‐Pucca   uouses   are   found   in   unrecognized   settlements   on   Self-­‐Owned   or   government  
lands.  These  are  brick  structures  with  corrugated  sheets  for  roofs.  Semi  Pucca  houses    also    
follow  vernacular  method  of  construction.  Typical  Size  is  around  15  sq.  metres.  Space  usually  
allotted  for  cooking  is  around  1.5  sq.  metres.  Space  for  sleeping/sitting  is  about  5  sq.  metres.  
The  rest  of  the  space  doubles  up  as  ciruclation  or  storage  space.  Windows  are  long  slit-­‐like  
structures,   mostly   left   open   without   being   fitted   with  grills.  Semi-­‐  Pucca  houses  range  from  
30  sq.  metres  to  70  sq.  metres.    
Its  features  are:  
§ Mostly    Exposed  brick  wall  
§ Roof-­‐slabs  with  angled  steel  beams  
§ Cement  or  mud  flooring  
§ Bathroom  and  toilets  are  not  attached  
§ Building  materials  are  normally    locally  available  materials      
§ Inadequate  Space  
§ Poor  Ventilation  and  Daylighting  
§ Lack  Toilets  or  if  Toilets  are  present,  they  discharge  directly  into  the  drains  
§ Access   Roads   are   fairly   wide   and   thus   will   allow   expansion   of   existing   house  
units  
   

67  
 
  

 
 
Exhibit  55:  A  typical  plan  of  Semi-­‐Pucca  houses  in  Slums  of  Ludhiana  

Concrete  or  mud  

Road    

 
A  typical  facade  of  Semi-­‐pucca  structure    

Common   Kitchen  
and  Living  area  
   `  
 

 
A  photograph  of  semi-­‐pucca  housing  in  Ludhiana  
 
 

68  
 
  

Ø Pucca  House  
Pucca   and   Ground   plus   one   houses   include  more  than  2  rooms.  People  living  in  these  are  
joint  families  with  an  average  of  10-­‐12  people  residing  in  each  house.  Pucca  houses  may  be  
in   both   recognized   and   unrecognized   settlements.   Very   few   are   G+1   structures.   Their   typical  
features  are:  
§ Inadequate  Space    
§ Mostly  load  bearing  construction  
§ Exposed  or  plastered  brick  wall  
§ Attached  toilets  
§ Building  materials    are  normally  locally  available  materials  
The  figures  below  show  the  plans  of  different  pucca  houses  found  in  Ludhiana.    
 
 
Bedroom   Kitchen   Bed  room   Kitchen   Bed  room  
 
  entry  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  entry   entry  
 
 
  Toilet   Open   Toilet  
  courtyard  
Plan   of   pakka   Plan   of   pakka   Plan  of  pakka  house  
house   house(ground  floor)   (G+1  floor)  

 
A  photograph  of  Pucca  housing  from  Charan  Nagar,  Ludhiana  

69  
 
  

4.6 Formulation   of   Slum   Intervention   Strategies   for   all   Prioritized  

Slums  

a. Design  Proposals-­‐  

 
Exhibit  56:  Proposed  design  for  a  35  sq.m  and  25sq.m  shelter  with  toilet  facility  

 
Many   pucca   houses   are   without   toilets.   People   living   in   pukka   houses   without  
toilets  access  community  toilets,  where  these  are  provided,  or  defecate  in  the  open.  
Their  features  are:  
• Concrete  roofs  
• Usually  have  2  bedrooms  and  kitchen  and  range  from  20-­‐30  square  
metres  in  area  
• Ventilation  is  provided  but  no  toilets  
 
Housing   Design   Proposals:   The   following   design   proposals   have   been   prepared   based  
on   the   housing   typologies   in   the   settlements.   The   basic   objective   is   to   build   on   people’s  
investments   by   incremntally   upgrading   housing,   adding   toilets   and   space,   on   the  
existing   housing   footprint.   Where   that   is   not   possible   due   to   land,   tenability   or  
engineering   issues,   houses   shall   be   redeveloped   or   slum   dwellers   relocated   to   built  
housing.  The  following  house  designs  are  proposed.  
 

b. In-­‐Situ  Upgradation  
Proposed   Structure:   New   structure   is   30   sq.   metres   in   area   including   a   3   sq.   metre  
porch  area.  The  toilet  is  connected  to  a  septic  tank.  Alternately  a  cluster  tank  may  also  
be  provided  to  hold  the  toilet  discharge  from  a  cluster  of  houses.  All  houses  shall  have  a  
rainwater   harvesting   system   and   shall   be   connected   to   water   recharge   systems   in   the  
area.  
 

70  
 
  

Exhibit  57:  Model  for  Housing  Upgrade  in  Semi-­‐Pucca  houses  in  Slums  in  Ludhiana  

               
 
Ø A.  Housing  Upgrades-­‐  Habitable  Space  to  be  increase  to  25  sq.  meters  

                                                               
 

 
                                                                                                                                                 
                                                                                                                                       Colour  Key  
 
Habitable  Room    Living  
Room  or  Bedroom)     Kitchen   Toilet/  Bathroom   Storage  Space  
71  
 
  

Ø In-­‐situ  development-­‐  Construction  of  toilets    

Toilets  of  0.7  m  X  0.7m  to  be  built.      

     
   
The  structure  proposed  consists  of  a  cement  pad  resting  on  I-­‐beams,  which  are  placed  
below  the  roof.  The  toilet  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  roof  of  gypsum  board  or  any  other  
lightweight  material.  The  soil  pipe  goes  into  septic  tank  or  sewer  outside.  
Ø In-­‐situ  development:  Decentralised  Infrastructure    
Cluster  Septic  Tank  as  community  infrastructure  
Wherever  the  city  infrastructure  is  difficult  to  be  extended,  decentralised  options  must  
be  explored.  Options  like  Cluster  septick  tank  (CST)  and  DEWATS  must  be  tried.  
The   designs   below   are   from   a   resettlement   colony   in   Delhi   known   as   Savda   Ghevra   that  
is  almost  30km  from  the  city  centre,  where  the  CST  model  is  implemented  by  CURE  
 
Exhibit  58:  Decentralized  infrastructure  for  Slums  

 
 

 
 

72  
 
  

Construction  of  a  Cluster  Septic  Tank,  Savda  ghevra,  Delhi    

                                                                                           

   

c. Redevelopment  or  Relocation    

Slums   with   kuchha   houses   or   semi-­‐pucca   houses   will   need   to   be   built   from   scratch,  
along   with   the   provision   of   adequate   wastewater   management   infrastructure.   This  
may  happen  in  the  existing  site,  if  there  is  space  or  at  a  distance  if  far.  
Proposed  solution  consists  of  a  housing  spread  over  230  m  *  80  m  or  18  hectares  of  
land,  consisting  of  twelve  blocks.  Total  built  area  is  20%  of  the  total  land  area  and  the  
remaining   land   holds   landscaping,   rainwater   harvesting   facilities   (storage   tank   and  
recharge   systems),   decentralized   wastewater   treatment   system   and   composting  
faciltity.  Water  management  is  carried  out  by  storing  15000  L  of  water.  Grey  water  is  
treated   using   a   combination   of   settling   tanks   and   reed   beds   and   recycled   in   a  
vegetable  garden  and  landscaping.  
 
Exhibit  59:  Layout  of  Housing  

 
   

73  
 
  

Exhibit  60:  Housing  Block  

 
 
Exhibit  61:  Detail  of  Balcony  

           
 
Exhibit  62:  Connection  of  wastewater  to  decentralized  wastewater  treatment  system  

 
 
   

74  
 
  

Exhibit  63:  Components  of  Decentralized  Wastewater  Treatment  System  (DEWATS)  for  Group  Housings    

 
 

                                   
                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                       
 
Exhibit  64:  In-­‐house  Composting  Facility  for  Efficient  Solid  Waste  Management  

 
 
   

75  
 
  

4.7 Slum  Development  in  Ludhiana:  Opportunities  and  Challenges    

There   are   several   opportunities   and   challenges   in   the   context   of   Ludhiana   for   slum  
development.  These  have  determined  the  specific  strategy  and  approach  recommended  in  
the  slum  free  city  plan.    

a. Opportunities  
Land  Tenure  is  Largely  Legal:  Majority  of  slums  in  the  city  –  unauthorized  and  
un-­‐regularized  areas  –  are  on  lands  where  owners  have  property  rights  –  albeit  
may  need  mutation/updating.  These  settlements  have  mostly  come  up  after  the  
1984   riots;   riot   victims   from   various   cities   had   moved   into   the   area   and  
procured   land   on   the   city   fringe   for   resettlement.   Only   a   small   group   of   very  
poor   settlements   occupy   lands   that   are   illegal   or   encroached   land.   Having   land  
tenure  enables  MCL  to  move  in  services  quickly  and  without  any  restraints.      
 
Exhibit  65:  Land  Tenure  of  Slums  in  Ludhiana    
 
 
  Land  under  Slum  Occupation  in  Ludhiana  
 
 
  Self  Owned  Land   Slums   on   lands   with    Slums   on  
  development   restraints   private  lands    
  (Public  and  Private)  
  Lands   donated   to  
  poor   by   Rajiv    Slums   on  
  Gandhi   after   1984   Slums  on  non-­‐confirming  land   private   land  
  riots   use   under  contest  
 
 
182  slums  for  upgrading  
 
 
 
Slow   Growth   of   Slums   and   Self-­‐Owned   Rental   Housing:   Growth   of   slums   in   Ludhiana   has  
been   slow   possibly   because   the   city   has   managed   to   contain   the   growth   of   squatter  
settlements.   This   has   led   to   the   development   of   a   Self-­‐Owned   rental   market   -­‐   tenement  
housing  on  non-­‐plan  lands  built  by  farm  owners  without  land  conversion  –  or  vehdas  –  that  
are   fulfilling   the   housing   needs   of   poor   migrants.   At   the   same   time,   it   greatly   reduces   the  
demand  and  pressure  on  the  city  for  new  housing.    
 
Extended   Network   of   Basic   Services:   The   city   has   an   extended   network   of   underground  
sewerage  and  water  supply  series,  including  in  unauthorized  areas.  This  has  two  advantages;  
a.  builds  a  practice  of  serving  unauthorized  areas  in  the  city  that  can  be  extended  to  other  
non-­‐confirming   areas,   and   b.   provides   a   network   of   trunk   infrastructure   for   networking  
slums  still  to  be  reached.  Service  solutions  would  however  need  customizing,  innovation  and  
possibly  decentralized  to  ensure  mainstreaming.    
 
Very   few   settlements   were   encroachments   on   state   or   nazool   land.   There   are   only   2  
Settlements   on   defence   lands;   About   3%   settlements   are   on   railway   lands.   About   6%  
settlements  are  along  major  drainage  channels  and  water  bodies.    About  50  slums  in  the  city  
are  typical  ‘jhuggi-­‐jhopri’  clusters  housing  the  poorest  families,  mostly  new  migrants  in  the  
city.    
 

76  
 
  

Few   Slums   on   Lands   with   Developmental   Restraints:   Ludhiana  being  an  industrial   city  has  
very  few  development  restraints  such  as  in  heritage  sites,  coastal  sites,  etc.  A  few  slums  on  
railway  lands  may  have  development  restraints  from  the  land  owning  agency.    
 
Conformity  with  Master  Plan:  City  Master  Plans  designate  land  uses  in  the  city.  These  land  
uses   are   based   on   city’s   development   vision   but   also   become   the   basis   for   determining  
development  strategies  in  slums.  Nearly  two  third  of  the  city’s  slums,  except  for  Vehdas,  are  
on  lands  marked  for  residential  purposes.  This  shall  make  extending  services  into  the  areas,  
simpler.   As   these   lands   would   not   require   any   land   use   changes,   these   can   easily   be  
developed  in-­‐situ  by  de-­‐jure  or  de  facto  property  rights  granted  by  the  State/  City.  
 
Slums   on   State   Lands:  Squatter  settlements  are  mostly  on  city/state  lands.  Two  important  
factors   that   would   make   it   easier   to   upgrade   these   settlements   is;   a.   they   are   very   few   in  
number  (N=19)  and  b.  where  lands  belong  to  the  city  government,  these  can  be  considered  
tenable   as   the   required   land-­‐use   changes   or   de-­‐facto   tenure   can   be   provided   for   in-­‐situ  
development.   Very   few   slum   dwellers   will   need   to   be   resettled   that   shock   people   into  
poverty  and  has  added  costs  of  extending  services  to  distant  areas.  
Finally,   the   remaining   slums   were   checked   for   their   locations   on   hazardous   sites   such   as  
along  drains,  riverbeds,  etc.  that  are  prone  to  flooding  or  put  the  lives  and  health  of  people  
living  here  at  risk.  Only  slums  in  hazardous  sites  are  considered  untenable.    
 

Untenable   Semi  tenable   Tenable  

settlements   settlements   settlements  
(33)   (104)     (45)  

 
House  Ownership  and  Pucca  Housing:  In  settlements  where  land  ownership  is  legal  (de  jure)  
or   under   regularization   and   families   claim   ownership,   the   housing   is   mostly   pucca.   This  
lowers   the   housing   demand   in   the   city.   Properties   whose   formal   rites   have   not   been  
transferred  or  mutated,  if  assisted  with  the  process  can  further  lower  the  housing  demand.    
 
Strong   Self-­‐Owned   Sector:   Ludhiana,  being  an  industrial  city  has  a  strong  Self-­‐Owned  sector.  
Some  of  the  corporate  agencies  are  high  net  worth  groups  that  can  add  bring  in  significant  
resources  to  the  city,  in  particular  in  the  context  of  the  new  CSR  Act  that  requires  companies  
earning   profits   of   over   Rs5cr   to   invest   2%   funds   in   social   projects   including   slums  
development.   The   potential/   possibility   of   Self-­‐Owned   sector   investment   in   slum  
development  can  be  explored,  especially  as  it  is  in  these  slums  that  the  industry  labour  lives.  
Improving  their  quality  of  life  can  enhance  productivity  and  profitability.    
   

77  
 
  

b. Challenges  
Despite   the   many   opportunities   in   the   city,   there   will   be   some   challenges   to   making  
Ludhiana  slum  free.  Some  of  these  are;  
 
Vehdas  and  Bye  Laws:  Four  times  Ludhiana’s  poor  live  in  vehdas,  the  Self-­‐Ownedly  supplied  
tenement   housing   (Veda   N=850   versus   Slum   N=   182).   There   will   be   four   key   challenges   to  
addressing  the  issue  of  vehdas;  a.  clear  acceptance  by  the  city  that  vehdas  are  slum  areas  –  
this  will  need  broadening  the  definition  of  slums  under  the  Act;  b.  Land  use  conversion  from  
agricultural  to  urban  lands  –  which  will  be  politically  challenging;  c.  bye  laws  will  need  to  be  
developed   to   regularize   the   constructions;   and   d.   provision   for   extension   of   services   into  
Self-­‐Owned  lands  would  need  to  be  approved.  
 
Lack  of  Resources:  MCL  lacks  financial  resources  to  implement  slum-­‐upgrading  programmes  
at  a  city  scale  –  even  if  that  amounts  to  10-­‐20%  contribution  for  various  components.  MCL  
would  need  to  reimagine  generation  of  funds  in  the  city  for  slum  development.  
 
Institutional   Capacity:   MCL   is   headed   by   an   IAS   officer   and   supported   by   two   Additional  
Commissioner,   also   from   the   administrative   cadres.   There   are   also   experienced   engineers  
heading   the   various   departments.   This   is   indicative   of   the   potential   capacity   of   the   local  
body.   However,   despite   understanding   of   slum   issues,   solutions   for   development   continue  
to  be  clichéd.  This  would  need  to  be  addressed  through  capacity  building  programmes  and  
institutional  simplification  
   

78  
 
  

5. Access  to  Basic  Services  in  Slums  of  Ludhiana  

Ludhiana  being  the  largest  city  of  Punjab,  an  industrial  and  educational  hub,  has  experienced  
a   rapid   growth   in   its   population   attracting   people   for   work.   This   has   led   to   a   high   demand   in  
housing.   In   the   absence   of   planned   residential   areas,   many   unplanned   residential   colonies  
and  slums  have  come  up  in  the  city,  which  lack  basic  services,  including  rental  areas  called  
Vehdas.  The  failure  of  authorities  to  plan  sufficient  residential  zones  have  forced  people  to  
buy  properties  in  unplanned  colonies  and  MCL  is  duty  bound  to  provide  basic  infrastructure  
in  these  residential  areas  to  improve  their  living  standard.    
 
GOI   has   approved   a   DPR   of   Rs116.5crores   for   augmentation   of   water   supply   in   peripheral  
areas   of   Ludhiana   by   providing   239kms   of   water   pipelines,   79   deep   tube   wells   and   25000  
household  connections.    
 
The   L-­‐SFCPOA   seeks   to   provide   water,   sewer,   drains,   street   lighting   and   roads   in   slum  
settlements.   The   provision   of   water   and   sewer   will   ensure   that   every   household   will   get  
drinking   water   and   toilet   at   home.   Settlements   shall   have   concrete   roads   with   drains   to  
ensure  connectivity  with  the  city.  Lack  of  drainage  causes  cesspools  that  breed  mosquitoes.  
Underground  sewerage  and  drainage  will  improve  health  of  residents.  
 

5.1 Current  need  Assessment  

Of  the  182  slum  settlements  in  the  city,  149  can  be  upgraded  through  in-­‐house  services.  The  
remaining   28   are   very   small   and   have   no   pattern   of   roads   and   are   not   considered   for  
networking.   These   settlements   because   of   their   sizes   and   absence   of   space   shall   be  
considered  for  near  site  relocation.  Of  the  149  settlements,  73  have  100%  municipal  water  
supply   and   65,   100%   sewer   network.   Only   13   settlements   like   Geeta,   Ekjot,   Fawda   bend  
have  all  the  services;  water,  sewer  networks  and  pucca  roads.    
 
Total  length  of  roads  in  these  colonies  is  206.4  km.  

a. Water  Supply  
Source:   At   present   there   are   658   deep   tube   wells   and   277   shallow   tube   wells   yielding  
490MLD   of   water.   Due   to   over   drawl/extraction   of   the   ground   water,   the   water   table   has  
gone  down  to  a  depth  of  500  feet.  Moreover,  deep  tube  wells  require  more  energy  to  pump  
out  water.  Low  ground  water  table  also  causes  contamination  and  deterioration  in  quality  of  
ground  water.  This  has  led  to  serious  water  scarcity  in  the  city  and  the  people  are  dependent  
on   hand   pumps   and   bore   wells   for   water.   Even   this   water   is   insufficient   and   non-­‐potable.  
Therefore,   it   is   proposed   that   MC   Ludhiana   should   make   arrangements   for   canal-­‐based  
water  supply  from  the  nearby  Sirhind/Sidhwan  canal  that  has  adequate  water.    
 
Inside   the   slums   it   is   proposed   to   provide   100mm   internal   dia.   DI   pipes   for   water   supply.  
These   pipes   shall   connect   with   the   existing   main   pipeline.   Wherever   the   connection   to   main  
pipeline   is   not   possible,   it   is   proposed   to   provide   deep   tube   wells   to   draw   the   water   and  
connect  these  to  small  water  treatment  plants.    
 
The   total   cost   incurred   in   providing   water   supply   is   Rs   9,63,16,336.00   at   per   unit   cost   of  
Rs.1275.00   per   meter.   A   ten   percent   of   total   cost   has   been   earmarked   for   external   water  
connection/tube  wells.  Cost  of  DI  pipe  has  been  taken  as  Rs950.00  per  meter.  
 

79  
 
  

b. Sewerage  
It   is   proposed   to   provide   200   mm   internal   dia.   stoneware   pipes   for   laying   sewer   in   these  
colonies/slums.   The   network   shall   then   be   designed   in   such   a   way   that   the   sewerage   is  
discharged   in   the   existing   main   trunk   sewer.   Household   connections   have   been   proposed  
with   oblique   junctions   to   reduce   cost   and   due   to   space   limitations.   Wherever   trunk   sewer  
has  not  been  laid  it  is  proposed  to  provide  septic  tanks  or  small  STPs  subject  to  availability  of  
space.    
Total  cost  of  sewerage  is  Rs19,34,36,550.00  at  Rs  1825.00  per  meter.  Cost  of  one  meter  SW  
pipe   has   been   taken   as   Rs275.00   and   manholes   have   been   proposed   at   an   interval   of   20  
meters.  Slope  of  1  in  280  is  proposed  for  self-­‐cleaning  velocity.  

c. Roads  
It   is   proposed   to   construct   cement   concrete   (CC)   roads   of   3-­‐meter   average   width   in   these  
colonies.  The  roads  shall  be  designed  to  provide  a  single  side  camber  with  drains  along  one  
side.  The  total  length  in  these  colonies  is  206.4  kms.  Approximately  15  kms  of  pucca  roads  
exists,  and  requires  no  additional  reinstatement  or  relaying.  Hence  a  total  of  191.4  kms  of  
road  is  to  be  constructed  with  a  total  cost  of  54,17,04,429.00    

d. Drainage  
The   city   of   Ludhiana   does   not   have   a   functional   drainage   system.   Major   drains   are   absent  
and   there   are   no   drains   available   alongside   approach   roads   to   the   colonies.   Therefore   it   is  
proposed   to   prepare   a   comprehensive   plan   for   the   city   drainage   integrating   low-­‐income  
colonies  within.    
Since   the   colonies   don’t   have   drainage   system   at   present,   it   is   proposed   to   provide   RCC  
covered   drains   on   one   side   of   road.   The   total   cost   of   providing   drains   in   the   slum   colonies   is  
Rs.  52,72,32,258.00  at  per  unit  cost  of  Rs.2912  per  meter.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  drains  
are   calculated   for   80%   of   the   total   road   length.   Wherever   connection   to   a   major   drain   is   not  
possible,   the   drainage   is   proposed   to   be   channelised   into   recharging   pits   and   rainwater  
harvesting  structures.    

e. Streetlights  
Since   most   of   these   colonies   are   already   having   partial   streetlight   arrangement,   it   is  
proposed   that   approximately   40%   of   the   total   roads   would   need   additional   street   lighting.   It  
is   proposed   to   provide   galvanized   octagonal   3mm   thick   9-­‐meter   long   poles   with   150-­‐watt  
street  light  luminaries  and  HDPE  (DWC)  63/50mm  pipes  for  laying  conductors.  The  cost  has  
been   calculated   at   20lacs   per   km   with   a   total   estimated   cost   to   provide   streetlights   at  
16,54,87,520.00.  

f. Housing  
Requirements   for   housing   have   been   estimated   for   all   settlements   in   Ludhiana   and   are  
provided   in   the   following   table.   Total   number   of   semi   pucca   constructions   that   would  
require   upgrading   is   given   in   the   following   table.   There   are   also   nearly   10000   renter  
households   that   shall   also   be   provided   access   to   housing   under   the   housing   programme  
through   non-­‐subsidised,   rental   or   hire-­‐purchase   housing,   especially   as   most   renter   are   likely  
to  be  poorer  than  the  land  lords  and  or  new  migrants  to  the  city.    
 
Kuchha   and   Houses  to  be   Pucca   houses   Dilapidated   Houses   for   renter  
Semi   Pucca   resettled   without   Houses     families    
houses   to   be   toilets    
upgraded   in-­‐situ  
development  

80  
 
  

         
 
Ø Cost  of  Housing    
The  average  cost  of  housing  developed  in  Ludhiana  under  BSUP  for  2-­‐bedroom  flats  with  a  
kitchen,   toilet,   and   bath   is   Rs.3   lakhs   and   there   has   been   no   element   of   cost   or   interest  
subsidy.  
 
At   current   rates,   the   average   cost   of   construction   is   approximately   Rs.1200per   sq.   foot.  
Accordingly   the   cost   of   construction   for   a   single   dwelling   unit   of   size   250   sq.   ft.   with   a   toilet,  
bath  and  kitchen  without  cost  of  land  would  be  Rs.300000.  
Ø Cost  of  Land  for  Housing    
 
In-­‐situ   Upgrading:   In-­‐situ   up   grading,   where   people   already   own   land,   shall   have   no   land  
costs.   However,   bringing   in   services   to   the   area   shall   require   funds.   The   lowest   prevailing  
cost  of  land  development  in  Ludhiana  is  Rs.6000  per  sq.  meter,  which  has  been  applied.    
 
Relocation:  Land  procurement  costs  for  a  30  sq.  meter  plot  is  estimated  at  Rs.150000  while  
total  cost  of  construction  of  a  30  sq  meter  dwelling  unit  at  current  price  is  estimated  to  be  
Rs.300000,   @   Rs.12000/-­‐   per   sq.   meter.   Thus   the   total   cost   of   a   dwelling   unit   of   30   sq.  
meters  with  land  procurement  and  built  in  single-­‐storey  construction  would  be  an  estimated  
Rs.   4.5   lakh.   To   make   housing   affordable   without   compromising   the   housing   quality   and  
structural  safety,  it  can  be  developed  in  multi-­‐level  structures  to  lower  land  costs.  The  city’s  
Byelaws   permit   construction   of   ground   plus   three   or   four   storey   constructions.   For   4-­‐
storeyed   flats,   the   shared   land   costs   would   reduce   from   Rs.150000/-­‐for   a   single-­‐storey  
building       to   Rs.37500   per   unit   and   the   cost   of   a   flat   would   be   Rs.337500   each.   If   the   city  
decides  to  increase  the  numbers  of  storeys  for  EWS  and  RAY  housing  to  6-­‐stories,  the  shared  
land   costs   would   drop   further   to   Rs.25000   per   unit,   bringing   down   the   cost   of   house   to  
Rs.325000  each.  
 

5.2 Future  Need  Assessment:    

Ludhiana  has  a  high  annual  inflow  of  new  migrants.  While  many  rent  Vehdas  –  Self-­‐Owned  
rental   housing   –   others   end   up   in   slums.   It   is   estimated   that   Ludhiana   sees   an   average  
annual  inflow  migrants  at  6.5%;  of  these  5.5%  will  need  housing  with  basic  services.  Over  the  
10-­‐year  period  envisaged  for  making  Ludhiana  slum  free,  the  future  need  of  housing  shall  be  
38000  dwelling  units  (DUs).  It  is  envisaged  that  part  of  this  future  need  shall  be  met  through  
Vehdas,  which  shall  reduce  the  need  for  MCL  to  procure  additional  land.  However,  MCL  shall  
need  to  invest  in  extending  basic  infrastructure  to  Vehdas  to  ensure  these  buildings  do  not  
become  slummy.    
 
Total  Need  Assessment  (Demand  for  Housing  and  Services)  for  Citywide  Slum  Development  
Based   on   the   above   premises,   the   total   demand   for   housing   and   services   or   a   ‘Slum-­‐free  
Ludhiana’  in  the  next  10  years  is  as  follows.  
 
Based   on   the   above   estimates   for   housing   -­‐   in-­‐situ   upgrading,   relocation   and   new   housing  
with  urban  services  is  provided  below.  
   

81  
 
  

Table  5.1:  Investment  Requirement  for  next  ten  years  

 
Cost  Estimates  (Year  2014)  
 COMPONENT   QUANTITY   UNIT   PER  UNIT  COST   TOTAL  COST  
             Housing                  
1.   Insitu   Housing                  
Upgrading  (Total  Demand  
–  Under  Construction  )  
B=Proposed   New   Housing   6804              
(In-­‐situ)                                        
Total   In-­‐situ   Housing   6804   No   300000   2041200000  
required  (A-­‐B)  
2.Relocation(land   cost   to   4700   No.   300000   1410000000  
be   borne   by   land-­‐owning  
Agency)  
3.   Proposed   additional                  
housing  
A=   Proposed   additional   11500   No.   300000   3450000000  
houses   under   affordable  
housing  in  next  ten  years  
b=Proposed   additional   26500   No     250000   6625000000  
houses   under   Affordable  
housing   in   next   ten   years  
(on   Vehda/   Rental  
Hostels  Model)  
Sub  Total  of  Housing               13526200000  
=1+2+3  
         Infrastructure                  
1.              Water  Supply                  
Water  pipelines   69372.55   Rmt   1275   88450001.25  
Individual   HH   7300   No.   1500   10950000  
connections  
Water  Treatment  Plants   114   No   400000   45600000  
Sub  Total                 145000001.3  
2.              Sanitation                  
2.1.  Waste  water  disposal                  
Inner  drains     181055   Rmt   2912   527232160  
Decentralized   Waste   2   No     2500000   5000000  
water  treatment  plants    
Sub  Total                 532232160  
2.2  Sewerage                    
New  sewer  line   96765.5   Rmt   1825   176597037.5  
HH  sewer  connection     22253   No     2500   55632500  
Sub  Total                 232229537.5  

82  
 
  

Cost  Estimates  (Year  2014)  

 COMPONENT   QUANTITY   UNIT   PER  UNIT  COST   TOTAL  COST  
2.3   Solid   Waste                  
Management    
Collection   Bins   (small   760   No     35000   26600000  
storage   bins   &   collection  
bins)  
Sub  Total                 26600000  
3.  Road  and  Transport                  
Approach   road   and   inner   191075.8   Rmt   2835   541699893  
road   (concrete   cement   –  
3m  wide)  
Sub  Total                 541699893  
4.  Electricity                  
New  street  poles     9553   No     11000   105083000  
New  street  lights   9553   No     450   4298850  
Sub  Total                 109381850  
Sub   Total   Physical               1587143442  
Infrastructure  
5.  Social  infrastructure                    
Community  Halls     143   No   1000000   143000000  
Livelihood   Production   12   No     3000000   36000000  
centres  
Health  facilities     51   No     1000000   51000000  
Anganwadi   (preschool)   200   No     400000   80000000  
kendras  
Sub   Total   Social               310000000  
Infrastructure  
Total   Cost   under   Item               1897143442  
No.  1,2,3,4,5  
Cost   escalation   for   4               758857376.7  
years  at  10%  per  annum  
Total  Infrastructure  Cost               2656000818  
Grand  Total               16182200818  

5.3 Total  Resource  Demand  for  Slum  Free  Ludhiana  

The   total   resource   need   for   various   types   of   housing   development   and   provisioning   of  
basic   in-­‐house   services   for   a   slum   free   city   over   a   period   of   ten   years   is   at   Rs.   1618  
Crores.  
 
 
   

83  
 
  

 
11.  Funding  Slum  Development  by  MCL      
This  section  discusses  how  the  city  shall  provide  its  share  of  funds  and  suggestions  for  gap  
funding  envisaged  through  contribution  of  other  agencies  such  or  the  Self-­‐Owned  sector.    
 
The   total   investment   expected   of   MCL   and   Punjab   Government   is   Rs   271   Crore.   Centre  
should   fund   305   Crores.   A   review   of   the   finances   of   MCL   (see   section   6)   suggests   that   the  
city  has  no  annual  budget  for  slum  improvement.  However  it  should  mobilize  the  unutilized  
amount  under  BSUP  to  fund  part  of  Ray  housing.  The  city  will  need  to  raise  funds  to  meet  
the  vision  of  this  Plan.    
 
Table  5.2:  Expected  Share  of  Investment  by  Centre,  State  and  MCL  
 Component   Quantity   State/ULB   Beneficiary   Centre   PPP   Amount  
Services     50%       50%       265.6  
upgrading       132.8   132.8  
In-­‐situ     40%   10%    50%       204.1  
housing      
development     6804   81.65   20.41   102.1  
Relocation   4700   40%   10%   50%       141  
housing        
  56.4   14.1   70.5  
New   Housing   11500            100%   345  
–  Flats  DUs        
  345  
New   Housing   26500               100%   662.5  
–  Rental  DUs     662.5  
Total         232.55   34.51   305.4   1007.5   1618.2  
   

84  
 
  

6. Implementation  Plan    
 
Phasing  of  Interventions  by  Prioritization  of  Slums  
Slum   upgrading   in   the   city   shall   be   implemented   in   a   phased   manner.   Based   on   the  
prioritization  matrix  the  phasing  and  proposed  intervention  strategy  has  been  determined.    
 
Phase  1  Slums  shall  include:    
Ø Tenable  
Ø Less  vulnerable  slums  
Ø All  slums  with  clear  property  titles,    
Ø Slums   that   are   mostly   upgraded   under   various   development   schemes  
and  can  be  fully  upgraded  and  de-­‐notified,    
Ø Slums   with   easy   access   to   trunk   infrastructure   and   technical   feasibility  
for  connecting  to  main  trunk  lines,  and  
Ø Slums  with  strong  community  groups  ready  to  partner  in  the  process  of  
slum  development,  and  
Ø Semi  tenable/untenable  
Ø Most  vulnerable  
Ø Slums  to  be  relocated  (on  Central  Government  -­‐  Railway/Defence  lands)  
 
Phase  2  Slums  shall  include:  
Ø Tenable  
Ø More  Vulnerable  Slums  
Ø All  slums  with  de  facto  property  titles  that  need  to  be  regularised  
Ø All  slums  which  need  expansion  of  city  basic  infrastructure  
Ø Semi  tenable  
Ø Slums  including  vehdas  not  conforming  to  City  Master  Plan    
Ø Slums  located  on  State  Government  lands  
Ø Slums  to  be  redeveloped/relocated/resettled  
 
Phase  3  Slums  shall  cover:  
Ø Tenable  
Ø All   slums   with   technical   difficulties   to   connect   to   trunk   infrastructure  
and  can  only  be  served  by  decentralized  /dedicated  systems  such  as  in  
the  peri-­‐urban,  and    
Ø Slums   not   covered   in   the   above   phases   due   to   various   socio-­‐political  
reasons  
Ø Semi  tenable  
Ø Slums  to  be  redeveloped/relocated/resettled  
 
 

85  
 
  

  Table  11:  Phasing  of  slums  as  per  the  development  option  
Sl  No   Phase   Land   Development   Element   Tenability     No   of  
Status   Options     Slums  
1   Phase  I   Public   In-­‐Situ  Upgrading   in-­‐Situ   Housing   and   Tenable     6  
(2015-­‐ Infrastructure    
2020)   Mixed   In-­‐situ   site   Restructuring   of   Plots   Semi   34  
Redevelopment   and   in-­‐slum   basic   tenable/  
(FSI   and   PPP   Model   services     Untenable    
to  be  opted)    
  Total       40  
Self  2   Phase  II   Self-­‐ In-­‐Situ    Upgrading     Upgradation   of   Tenable     45  
(2020-­‐ owned   houses   with   provision  
2022)   of  basic  services    
Public    Relocation   Relocated   housing   +   Untenable     18  
(PPP   Model   to   be   services   (To   be  
opted)     covered   under  
existing   housing  
scheme   underway   in  
the  city)    
Self-­‐ In-­‐Situ   Upgrading/   Relocated/   In-­‐Situ   Semi   14  
owned   Relocation   Housing   and   tenable/  
Infrastructure     Untenable    
  TOTAL           77  
3   Phase   Self-­‐ In-­‐Situ  Upgradation     Upgradation   of   Tenable     49  
III   Owned   houses   with   provision  
(2022-­‐ of  basic  services    
2025)  
    Self-­‐ Redevelopment/   Redevelopment/   Tenable     16  
Owned   Relocation   relocation   (Site   and  
services   /   housing  
with  Infrastructure)    
  TOTAL             65  
    Grand  Total   182*  
*The  list  of  slums  under  different  Phases  is  annexed.  

6.1 Time  Line    

Ludhiana   can   be   slum   free   by   2025   or   in   10   years.   This   is   because   most   unauthorized  
settlements   are   already   upgraded   and   people   have   land   ownership   making   investments  
easier.    
 
For   squatter   settlements   to   be   developed   in-­‐situ,   MCL   shall   grant   temporary   land-­‐tenure  
(licence   or   lease)   to   enable   investments   till   the   State   Property   Rights   Act   is   passed.  
Temporary  licenses/leases  shall  be  converted  into  formal  property  titles  with  regularization  
after   the   Act   is   enforced.   The   process   of   granting   temporary   tenure   shall   begin   early   on  
followed  by  implementation.    
 
The  final  phase  of  the  slum  development  plan  shall  cover  slums  where  trunk  infrastructure  
has  not  been  extended  or  where  there  may  be  technical  issues  in  making  the  connection.  It  
shall   also   include   vehdas   as   per   policy   prepared   for   these   settlements.   The   following   table  
provides  a  time  plan  for  the  three  different  phases.  
   

86  
 
  

6.2 Resource  Availability  

Though   the   income   of   Municipal  
Corporation   is   increasing,   but   so   is   its   MCL  Corpus  
expenditure.   Based   on   the   analysis   of  
MCL’s   income   and   expenditure   4000  
statements   of   last   three   years,   it   is   very   3000  

Lacs  
clear   that   the   city   has   no   annual   budget   2000  
for  slum  development  works.  The  corpus   MCL  
1000  
is   dying   and   MCL   needs   to   generate   corpus  
more   resources   and   check   its   expenses.   0  
MCL  must  also  allocate  a  designated  sum   2012-­‐13  2013-­‐14  
of   27.8   cr.   out   of   its   resources   every   year   Year  
to  be  able  to  meet  the  vision  of  this  Plan.  
 

Income  Expenditure  -­‐  MCL  

250000  

200000   Income  
131537  

150000   Expenditure  
Lacs  

77816  
100000   2012-­‐13   Linear  (Income)  
2014-­‐15  
130779  
40742.91  
Linear  
50000  
76438   (Expenditure)  

37633.01  
0   Year  

 
Exhibit  66:  Income  Expenditure  Pattern  of  MCL,  Year  2012-­‐14  

6.3 Resource  Funding  to  meet  the  vision  of  SFCPoA,  Ludhiana  

a. CSR  Funds  
Leveraging   CSR   Funding   in   Public-­‐Self-­‐Owned   Partnerships:   MCL   can   leverage  
Approximately   Rs   300   crore   annually   from   CSR   (see   note   on   CSR).   Under   CSR,   the   city   can  
put  up  upgrading  projects  that  corporates  can  offer  to  support  or  contribute  to  a  city  slum  
fund.  
 

87  
 
  

 
A  brief  note  on  Corporate  Social  Responsibility  for  Ludhiana  
 
Corporate   Social   Responsibility   or   CSR   is   essentially   a   form   of  corporate  self-­‐regulation  integrated  
into   a  business   model.   Over   time   in   India   it   is   has   transformed   from   corporations’  implementing  
businesses   with   social   responsibility   to   businesses   contributing   resources   to   bring   about   an  
overall   positive  impact  on   the  communities,  cultures,   societies   and   environments  in  which   they  
operate   and   that   not   only  state   but   corporates   too   should   be   responsible   for   addressing   social  
issues,  especially  as  the  growth   of  an  industry  impacts  the  environment  and   people  that  work  in  
it.  
 
The   Ministry   of   Corporate   Affairs   (MCA)   had   in   2009,   introduced   the   concept   of   voluntary  
contribution   under   its   Corporate   Social   Responsibility   Voluntary   Guidelines.   In   2013,   these  
guidelines   have   been   incorporated   within   the   Companies   Act   and   have   obtained   legal   sanctity.  
The   Act   provides   that   every   company   having   a   net   worth   of   500   crore   INR,   or   m ore   or   a   turnover  
of  1000  crore  INR  or  more,  or  a  net  profit  of  five  crore  INR  or  m ore,  during  any  financial  year  must  
spend   part   of   its   profits   for   social   development.   Companies   that   have   been   earning   a   profit   of  
Rs.5crore  annually   for  3  years   must   constitute  a   corporate   social  responsibility  committee   from  
the  board  and  mandatorily  spend  a  minimum  2%  of  their  average  profits  on  CSR  related  activities.    
The   CSR  committee  is   to   comprise   three  or   m ore   directors  from   the   Board,   out   of   which,  at  least  
one   should   be   an   independent   director   and   to   report   its   constitution   in   the   annual   report.   The  
CSR  committee   is  required  to   formulate  the  policy,   which   could  cover  a   range   of   activities  such  as  
slum   development,   eradicating   extreme   hunger   and   poverty,   promotion  of  education,  promoting  
gender   equality   and   empowering   women,   reducing   child   mortality   and   improving   maternal  
health,   combating   diseases,   ensuring   environmental   sustainability,   employment   enhancing  
vocational  skills,  social   business   projects   and/or   contribute   to  the   Prime   Minister’s  national  relief  
fund   or   any   other   fund   set-­‐up   by   the   central   or   state   governments   for   socio-­‐economic  
development,   relief,   welfare   of   the   scheduled   castes   and   tribes,   other   backward   classes,  
minorities  and  women  etc.  
 
For   now,   corporate   houses   are   in   the   process   of   comprehensively   integrating   the   concept  
throughout  their   business   operations   and   processes   and  to   identify   niche   sectors   for   investments  
that  will  protect  their  goodwill  and  reputation  and  defend  business  competitiveness.  Companies  
are   setting   aside   budgets   to   fund   development   projects   in   various   sectors   of   education,  
 
environment,   healthcare   etc. Corporates   are   also   increasingly   joining   hands   with   Non-­‐
governmental  organizations  (NGOs)  and  using  their  expertise  in  devising  programs,  which  address  
wider  social  problems  –  making  a  major  shift  from  defensive,  charitable  and  promotional  CSR  to  
strategic   and   transformative   investments   designed   to   tackle   the   root   cause   of   inequality   and  
unsustainability.  
 
Industrial  Profile   Of   Ludhiana:   Ludhiana  is  a  hub  of  industry.  A ccording  to  a  Brief  Industrial  Profile  
of  District  Ludhiana  published  by  the  Government  of  India  in  the  year  2009-­‐10,  the  industry  in  the  
city  grew  by  Rs.  1183.78  Lakhs  in  production  and  Rs.  705.04  lakhs  increase  in  investment.  It  also  
generated  790  persons  employment.  These  figures  suggest  that  Ludhiana  productivity  is  slowing  
down.  
 
In   Ludhiana  there   are  116   Large   &   Medium  Scale  Enterprises/PSUs   (Annex.1)  of  which   the  major  
exportable  item  industry  sectors  are  given  below.  
1.  Textile  Products   2.  Cycle  Parts   3.  Auto  Parts  
4.  Hand  Tools  Milk  Products   5.  Agriculture  Implements   6.  Fasteners  
7.  Milk  Products   8.  Food  Products   9.  Electronic  Items  
10.  Vehicle  Parts   11.  Sewing  Machines   12.Knitting  Machines  
13.  Yarns  &  Textiles   14.  Sport  Goods      

88  
 
  

In  addition  to  this  there  are  a  total  of  39091,  Micro   &   Small   Enterprises   and   Artisan  U nits  in  the  
District  (Annex.2)  organized  into  the  following  sectors.  
1.  Auto  Parts  &Components   2.  Agriculture  Implements   3.    Fasteners  
4.  Cycle  parts   5.  Hosiery  Item   6.    Leather  Shoes  
7.  Wooden  Furniture  &  Fixtures  8.   Wooden   Electrical  9.    Book  Binding  
10.  Generator  Sets   Accessories  
11.   Steel  Furniture   12.  Tissue  Paper  Napkins  
13.  Pipes  &  Collars   14.  Paint  &  Varnish   15.   Parts   of   Industrial  
16.  Tyre  Retreading   17.  Oil  Expellers   Machinery  
18.  Building  Hardware  Items  
19.  Milk  Products   20.  Confectionery  Items   21.  Rolling  Shutters  
22.  Glazed  Tiles   23.  General  Engg  Workshop   24.  Cosmetics  
25.  Wires  And  Cables   26.  Rice  &  Dal  Mill  Machinery   27.  Paper  Bags  
28.  Packaging  Materials   29.  Cement  Bricks  &  Blocks   30.   Biscuits   And   Bakery  
31.  Ice  Cream  &  Ice  Candy      Products  
 
The   service   industry   of   Ludhiana   currently   mainly   caters   to   repair   and   servicing   of   motor  
vehicles,   motor   cycles/scooters,   household   goods,   foot   wear   and   leather   goods,   TV,   radio,  
refrigerator,   bicycle,   cycle   rickshaws,   watches   &   clocks,   household   electric   items,   agricultural  
product,  cold  storage  etc.  It  can  be  organized  into  the  following  divisions:-­‐    
 
1.Motor  Vehicle   2.    Cycle  repairing   4.    A gricultural  implements  
4.Electrical  Goods   5.    A uto  mobile  repairing   6.    Printing  
7.Engineering  Workshops   8.    Computer  Education   9.    Designer  Boutique  
10.  Beauty  &  Health  Care   11.  Coaching  Centers   12.  Tiffin  Service  
13.  Transportation   14.  Mobile  Repairing    
 
CSR   in   Ludhiana:   A  review  of  the  balance  sheets  of  for  2013  of  Large  Scale  Industries  in  Ludhiana  
as  indicated  by  Company  Annual  Reports,  the  following  trends  in  profits  are  evident.  
 
TEXTILE  PRODUCT  INDUSTRIES  
      PROFIT   PROFIT  PERCENT   CSR  
SECTOR   COMPANY  NAME   YEAR   OF   (as   per   balance   (if  any)  
REPORT   sheet)  
Textile  Industry   Malwa   Industries   2012   Rs.756.25  (in  lac)   1.8%   Yes  
Ltd.  
Textile  Industry   Shiva   Texyarn   2013   RS.2,229.21  ( in  lac)   5.6%   Yes  
Limited  
Textile  Industry   Oswal  Cotton   2013   Rs.  69,971,716.96   4.5%   Nil  
Textile  Industry   Jindal   Cotex   2013   Rs.44,113,014   (in   1.3%   Yes  
Limited   lac)  
Textile  Industry   SEL  Group   2013   Rs.  1,379,156,071   3.6%   Yes  
STEEL  INDUSTRIES  
      PROFIT   PROFIT  PERCENT   CSR  
SECTOR   COMPANY  NAME   YEAR   OF   (as   per   balance   (if  any)  
REPORT   sheet)  
Steel  Industry   Vallabh   Steels   2013   Rs.1,43,16,949   (in   0.71%   Nil  
Limited   lac)  
Steel  Industry   LSR  Group   2013   Rs.  5,233,583     Yes  

 
 
   
   

89  
 
  

CYCLE  PARTS  INDUSTRIES  

      PROFIT   PROFIT   CSR  
SECTOR   COMPANY   YEAR   OF   (as   per   PERCENT   (if  any)  
NAME   REPORT   balance  sheet)  
Cycles   Avon   Cycles   2012-­‐13   -­‐   -­‐126.14%   Nil  
Limited  
Cycles   Atlas   Cycles   2012-­‐13     16.70%   Yes  
Ltd.  
MULTIPLE  INDUSTRIES  
Multiple   Vardhman   2013   Rs.24.40   (in   6%   Yes  
Industries   Group   crores)  
(textile/steel)  
Paper   &   Shreyans   2013-­‐14   Rs.   1,264.08   3.1%   Nil  
Textiles   Industries   (in  lac)  
Industry   Ltd.  
Multiple   Nahar   Group   2013   Rs.7839.37   (in   3.9%   Yes  
Industries   of  Companies   lac)  
    2014   Rs.9703   (in   3%   Yes  
Cement   JK   Cement   lac)  
Industry   Ltd.  
Shock   Munjal   2013   Rs.   0.04%   Nil  
Absorbers   Showa  Ltd.   606,805,817  
 
Based   on   the   analysis   of   the  14   large   industries   in   Ludhiana   above,   the   estimated   annual   CSR  
valuation   can   be   guesstimated.   Ludhiana   can   expect   to   generate   Rs300   crore   (rupees)   in   CSR  
from   all   its   large   industries   every   year   as   it   must   be   spent   in   the   same   year   and   cannot   be  
carried  forward  to  the  following  year.  In  the  next  10  years,  the  expected  CSR  expenditure  for  the  
district  of  Ludhiana  can  be  a  minimum   of  3000  crores  (rupees).  Bharati  Foundation  has  already  
pledged   Rs.100   crore   for   school   sanitation   on   15   August   2014   for   Ludhiana   district.  MCL  should  
encourage  the  industry  to  spend  part  of  this  fund  in  the  development  of  city’s  slums  especially  
as   a.   these   industries   continue   to   use   Ludhiana’s   resources   and   infrastructure   (water,   energy,  
roads,   lands   etc)   for   their   industrial   set   ups;   b.   Ludhiana   has   experienced   both   growth   and  
increased  migration  (figures  XX)  due  to  the  growth  in  Ludhiana’s  industrial  capacity,  which  has  
increased  the  stress  on  Ludhiana’s  infrastructure,  health  resources,  public  services  etc.  and  have  
been   responsible   for   the   creation   of   slums/vehdas   for   whcic   the   city   must   create   additional  
housing;  and  c.  the  industries  themselves  are  polluting  and  causing  environmental  damage  (air  
and  water  pollution  and  traffic  densities)  that  the  city  must  fix.  
 
There   are   two   key   challenges   to   getting   the   city   corporates   to   invest   in   Ludhiana.   First,   some  
large   industries   like   Hero   Cycles   have   already   shifted   offices   from   Ludhiana   to   cities   like  
Gurgaon.   In   this   case   their   corporate   taxes   are   filed   from   headquarter   cities   and   may   not  
necessarily   be   spent   in   the   Ludhiana   where   the   manufacturing   happens.   Punjab   Government  
will  need  to  issue  directives  to  ensure  that  industries  with  production  facilities  in  the  city  must  
spend  part  of  their  profit  margins  in  Ludhiana.  Second  is  the  lack  of  confidence  in  MCL  among  
the  industry.  This  m ay  be  the  result  inefficient  city  governance.  
 
Personal   Social   Responsibility:     Sikhism  as  religion  encourages  its  people  to  be  charitable  and  to  
contribute   both   money   and   resources   in   the   service   of   the   poor.   This   can   be   nurtured   and  
invested  in  micro  level/localized  development   projects.  PSR  as  the  corporate  federations  called  
it,  is  a  potential  source  of  funding  for  the  city.  
 
Project   Proposals   for   Crowdsourcing   Funds:   MCL   should   develop   project   proposals   for  
investment  and  crowd  source  funds  for  these  under  CSR  or  PSR.  It  should  set  up  a  CSR  cell  in  the  
Corporation  for  design  of  proposals,  advocacy  and  networking.    
 

90  
 
  

b. Housing  Credit  Fund  

MCL   could   also   consider   setting   up   a   Housing   Credit   Fund   as   a   Revolving   Fund.   This   could   be  
capitalized   out   of   the   RAY   funding   and/or   by   setting   aside   25%   ULB   revenue   income   each  
year   and   transferring   it   into   the   HC   Revolving   Fund.   The   initial   receipts   may   be   kept   in   a  
interest  earning  Bank  Account  to  earn  interest  @  9%  per  annum.    
 

c. PPP  Arrangements  
MCL   can   also   enter   into   PPP   arrangements   in   two   ways.   One   where   Self-­‐Owned   builders  
construct  flats  on  part  of  the  land,  using  the  remaining  land  to  develop  high-­‐income  housing  
or   commercial   flats   sold   Self-­‐Ownedly   to   finance   the   low-­‐income   housing.   Two,   where   the  
builder   builds   affordable   houses   on   procured   lands,   and   the   city   creates   an   enabling  
environment  for  this  to  happen.  PPP  arrangements  of  the  first  type  shall  work  only  in  core  
city   areas   with   high   commercial   prospects   or   with   changes   in   FAR   policies   that   allow  
additional   coverage   or   Transfer   of   Development   Rights   (TDRs)   or   tax   incentives   or   land  
allotments  at  lower  rates.    
 
In   the   second   scenario,   the   city   can   help   the   Self-­‐Owned   builders   with   land   acquisition,  
speedier   sanctions   of   projects,   etc.     In   both   models,   houses   shall   be   provided   at   fixed  
concessional  rates  or  subsidy  as  provided  under  RAY.    
 

d. Housing  Finance  Options    

For   beneficiary   contribution,   the   city   would   need   to   ensure   access   to   housing   finance.   As  
mentioned   above,   people   owning   lands   can   access   home   loans   from   banks/   housing   finance  
institutions.  The  city  can  work  with  the  banks  to  provide  loans  on  concessional  interest  rates  
as  prescribed  for  EWS  housing  on  providing  their  land  as  security.  As  unauthorized  colonies  
reportedly  have  housing  land  ownership,  many  residents  can  avail  of  this  facility.    
 
Other  poor  (in  squatter  settlements)  can  be  assisted  to  form  Thrift  and  Credit  Societies  and  
lend  to  members  to  raise  the  10-­‐12%  contribution  or  fill  the  savings  gap.  However,  because  
of   the   small   amounts   of   money   saved   by   the   groups,   members   may   not   be   able   to   access  
large   loans   for   housing   and   would   need   to   get   connected   to   Housing   Microfinance  
institutions.   The   common   terms   and   conditions   for   advancing   housing   loans   by   these  
banks/financial  institutions  are  given  in  Annexure  3.The  institutions  providing  housing  loans  
are  briefly  stated  in  Table  11.  Where  these  are  Self-­‐Owned  equities,  MCL  shall  regulate  these  
closely.  
 
Group   Housing   Societies   can   raise   construction   costs   by   mortgaging   land   to   the   financial  
institution  while  taking  loan  and  where  all  households  enter  into  repayment  arrangements  
through  paying  for  the  house.  They  shall  however  need  technical  assistance  for  construction  
purposes.    
 
The   State   Government   must   pass   the   Act   on   vesting   ownership   rights   of   land   in   the   slum-­‐
dwellers.   This   shall   help   households   to   avail   low-­‐cost   loans   from   banks/financial   institutions.  
They  must  also  consider  housing  for  migrant  households  who  have  made  the  city  their  home  
for  long  years.  
 

91  
 
  

e. Group  housing  societies  of  slum-­‐dwellers  

Co-­‐operative  group  housing  societies  of  slum-­‐dwellers  could  be  assisted  with  access  to  loans  
for   payment   of   land   costs   and   construction   of   housing.   While   in   the   first   three   cases,   the  
demand  for  resources  shall  remain  unaltered,  in  the  fourth  scenario  the  poor  shall  have  to  
put  together  the  entire  cost  of  land  and  construction,  which  may  be  difficult  to  afford  unless  
credit  is  provided  at  low-­‐interest.    
 

f. Rental  Housing  or  Housing  on  Hire  Purchase  

Houses   developed   for   new   migrants   can   be   made   available   on   hire   purchase   or   rent,  
especially   as   these   would   be   non-­‐residents.   This   would   enable   cities   to,   over   a   period   of  
time,   recover   the   costs   of   developing   these   houses.   Although   the   houses   shall   be   non-­‐
subsidized,   the   repayments   shall   be   kept   affordable.   There   may   be   several   approaches   to  
financing  these  houses;  new  migrants  could  be  supported  with  low  interest  (5%  subsidized  
interest   rate),   long-­‐term   (20   years)   bank/HMFI   loans.   This   has   two   advantages.   One,   the  
local   agency   recovers   its   finances   immediately   and   two;   the   recovery   is   managed   by  
agencies  that  have  experience  of  collecting;  new  migrants  may  be  offered  houses  on  rent-­‐to-­‐
own  basis.  In  this  case,  the  local  body  shall  recover  its  cost  slowly  and  would  need  to  hire  an  
agency;   new   migrants   may   be   offered   houses   on   rental   basis   for   a   maximum   period   of   5  
years  after  which  they  are  deemed  to  have  created  sufficient  personal  savings  to  move  into  
Self-­‐Owned  housing.  These  shall  be  like  transit  houses  to  prevent  slum  formation.    
 
In  case  of  houses  offered  on  rental  basis,  the  local  bodies  shall  recover  reasonable  return  on  
the   cost   of   housing,   it   is   felt   that   the   land   value   need   not   be   included   in   the   total   cost   for  
calculating   the   reasonable   return.   The   land   may   be   accessed   by   MCL   from   the   state  
government.   It   shall   continue   to   be   ULB   property   whose   values   will   keep   appreciating   and  
on  which  the  city  does  not  have  to  incur  any  maintenance  cost.  However  in  case  of  buildings  
there  is  a  recurring  cost  being  incurred  for  keeping  it  fit  for  use  like  repairs  and  maintenance  
in  addition  to  depreciation  and  interest  on  investment.  While  land  appreciates  in  value  and  
does   not   need   maintenance,   it   is   only   building   which   depreciates   and   therefore   needs  
maintenance,  cost  of  which  ought  to  be  recovered  from  the  users  as  part  of  rent.  
 
Housing   for   new   migrants   may   be   developed   through   PPP   arrangements   or   if   these   are  
commercially   unattractive,   may   be   taken   up   directly   by   DUDA   or   other   local   bodies   in   the  
city.  
 
 
 
 
   

92  
 
  

7. Strategy  to  make  Ludhiana  a  ‘Slum  Free  City’  

 
The  Ludhiana  Slum  Free  City  Plan  of  Action  (L-­‐SFCPOA)  is  an  inclusive  plan  prepared  through  
bottom-­‐up   and   participatory   processes,   consultations   with   poor   communities   and   key  
stakeholders  and  evidence  generated  above.    It  also  has  an  institutional  and  resource  plan  to  
ensure  that  it  is  implementable.    

7.1  Ludhiana  Vision:  An  Inclusive,  Green  and  Growing  City  

L-­‐SFCPOA   envisions   Ludhiana   as   an   Inclusive,  Green  and  Growing  City;   a   city   that  welcomes  
poor  workers  and  creates  decent,  clean  and  pollution-­‐free  living  environments  for  the  poor  
by   mainstreaming   their   low-­‐income   settlements   with   city’s   infrastructure   with   improved,   in-­‐
house,  basic  municipal  services  and  housing;  access  to  roads,  transport,  schools,  health  care,  
food  and  social  security;  and  enhanced  skills  for  promoting  growth.    
 

a. Project  Implementation  Agency    

L-­‐SFCPOA   shall   be   implemented   by   MCL.   MCL   will   work   closely   with   all   service   delivery  
agencies   in   the   city   and   key   stakeholders   for   implementing   the   plan   -­‐   such   as   the  
departments  of  transport,  roads,  education,  health,  etc.  and  synergize  its  slum  plan  with  the  
policies  and  plans  of  these  departments  for  effective  implementation.  
 

b. Community  Mobilization  and  Organization  

Community  mobilization  will  be  at  the  core  of  slum  development  intervention  in  Ludhiana.  
MCL   will,   using   due   process,   contract   a   lead   NGO   with   experience   of   working   with   urban  
slum  communities  in  Ludhiana,  for  mobilizing  and  organizing  these  communities  for  inclusive  
planning  development.    
 
Ludhiana   has   a   very   small/weak   civil   society.   Local   NGOs   will   need   to   work   with   the   Lead  
NGO  to  a.  reach  all  identified  slums  and  b.  build  their  capacity  to  engage  communities  in  the  
processes   of   planning,   implementation,   monitoring   and   maintenance   of   all   development  
activities  in  their  areas.  
 
NGO   shall   mobilize   community   groups  -­‐   self-­‐help/savings   groups,   enterprise   and   livelihood  
groups,   water,   toilet   and   sanitation   committees,   area   welfare   associations,   construction  
monitoring   committees,   etc.   and   empower   them   to   partner   with   MCL   in   development  
processes.    
 

c. Approach  to  Slum  Free  Ludhiana  

The   approach   to   achieving   slum   free   Ludhiana   shall   be   rights-­‐based,   equitable,  
comprehensive,   inclusive,   socially,   economically   and   environmentally   sustainable   and  
futuristic.    
 
Rights-­‐based:   The   city   recognizes   that   all   people,   women   and   men,   especially  
the   poorest,   excluded,   most   vulnerable   groups,   and   migrants   to   the   city   have   a  
right  to  the  city  and  its  services,  decent  housing,  and  opportunities  for  skilling.    
Equitable:   The   level   of   services   in   the   city   shall   be   equal   for   all,   without  
discrimination   on   grounds   of   land   ownership,   migratory   status   or   formal  
identity.    

93  
 
  

Inclusive:   The   city   recognizes   that   poor,   including   migrants   must   be   included   in  
the   city’s   plans   and   be   a   part   of   the   processes   of   city   and   slum,   planning   and  
implementation.  
Comprehensive:  Plans  for  development  of  the  low-­‐income  settlements  shall  be  
holistic,   addressing   the   full   breadth   of   needs   of   poor   people   to   bring   about  
sustainable  reduction  in  their  poverty.    
Economically  Sustainable:  The   city   recognizes   that   migrant   labour   contributes  
significantly   to   city’s   growth   and   their   inclusion   is   critical   for   city   growth,   and  
that  migrant  workers  shall  be  part  of  city’s  plans  and  included  in  the  processes  
of  planning  and  implementation.    
Socially   and   Environmentally   Sustainable:   Interventions   for   slum  
development   shall   be   socially   and   environmentally   sustainable   so   that   the   city  
moves  on  a  path  of  green  growth  with  social  and  environmental  responsibility.  
Systems   and   institutions   shall   also   be   strengthened   to   ensure   long-­‐term  
sustainability  of  the  programme.    
 
 

7.2 Slum  Development  Strategy  

Slum   development   shall   include   access   to   housing,   basic   services,   roads   and   connectivity,  
power  supply  and  social  services.      
   

a. Housing  
Housing  development  shall  follow  two  approaches,  self-­‐built  by  people  or  built  by  MCL.  Self-­‐
built  housing  shall  happen  mostly  in  the  unauthorized  colonies.  MCL  developed  housing  for  
eligible  beneficiaries  shall  be  through,  in-­‐situ  redevelopment  or  relocation.  
 
All  kuchha  and  semi-­‐pucca  houses  in  unauthorized  settlements  with  proof  of  ownership  shall  
be   built   incrementally   and   may   be   self-­‐developed   with   technical   support   from   MCL.   Self-­‐
built   housing   shall   be   built   incrementally,   customized   on   the   existing   plot/housing   footprint,  
where   structurally   sound,   and   shall   build   upon   people’s   investments.   Incremental   housing  
will   focus   on   addition   of   toilets,   kitchens,   ventilation,   rainwater   harvesting   structures,  
structural   safety   etc.   to   bring   houses   up   to   the   norm.   Incremental   housing   can   happen  
slowly  and  through  self-­‐financing  based  on  individual  affordability.  
 
Structurally  weak  kuchha  and  semi-­‐pucca  houses  in  these  settlements  shall  be  demolished  
and   rebuilt   as   pucca   structures,   with   minimum   25   sq.mt   carpet   area   in   ground   or   ground  
plus   one   construction   and   with   a   toilet,   bathroom,   kitchen,   water   supply,   power,   proper  
ventilation   and   lighting   as   per   RAY   norms.   All   pucca   houses   shall   be   be   built   up   if   smaller  
than  25  sq.mt  with  added  toilet  and  water  services.  All  existing  toilets  in  these  houses  shall  
be   connected   to   appropriate   discharge   systems   -­‐   sewer   line,   shared   or   Self-­‐Owned   septic  
tank.    
 
MCL  shall  provide  technical  support  to  the  families,  who  shall  be  encouraged  to  self-­‐finance  
the   upgrading.   MCL   shall   identify   and   accredit   contractors   for   self-­‐built   housing,   negotiate  
construction  rates  with  them  and  build  their  capacities  in  improved  construction  techniques.  
Families   may   choose   from   the   DUDA   accredited   contractors   or   pick   their   own   contractors   or  
even   build   by   themselves   as   many   among   the   poor   work   in   the   construction   sector   as  
masons,  plumbers  etc.    
 

94  
 
  

Squatter   settlement   housing   shall   be   redeveloped   based   on   a   new   development   plan  

prepared  in  consultation  with  people  so  as  to  include  their  needs.  Housing  here  may  be  in  
ground  plus  structures,  depending  on  demand  and  available  space.  
 
Innovative   and   sustainable   construction   technology   shall   be   used   in   all   new   housing  
construction  such  as  bamboo  beams,  bamboo  reinforced  concrete  roof  slabs  etc.  that  make  
construction  cost  effective  and  climate  responsive.  For  this,  MCL  shall  evolve  new  BOQs.    
 
 
 
 

2  
1  

3  
Innovative   and   Sustainable   Construction   Techniques           1-­‐   Bamboo   reinforced   concrete   roof   slab                                                                                                
2-­‐  Clay  pots  filler  slabs                                                                                                                                                                                      3-­‐  Bamboo  beams    

New   housing   must   ensure   poor   people   are   not   unnecessarily   indebted   in   paying   their   share.  
For   the   very   poor   with   low   affordability   or   credit   worthiness,   housing   can   be   developed  
incrementally   –   by   first   adding   the   toilets   and   water   connections   followed   by   pucca  
construction   and   space   expansion.   Repayments   of   people’s   share   of   housing   shall   be  
supported   through   housing   finance   and   amortised   over   a   10-­‐year   period.   Construction   of  
houses   in   the   incremental   housing   plan   shall   be   the   responsibility   of   the   family   with  
technical  and  financial  support  from  MCL.    
 
 

b. Water  Supply    
All  slum  households  shall  have  a  tap  at  home,  as  legal,  in-­‐house  connection,  irrespective  of  
the   land   tenure   status   of   the   settlement   or   house   ownership.   This   will   be   managed   through;  
a.   extension   of   pipelines   inside   settlement   networked   with   municipal   water   supply  
infrastructure.   Over   time   community   and   shared   stand   posts   shall   be   disconnected;   b.  
developing  decentralized  systems  such  as  water  treatment  plants  treating  ground  water  and  
linked   to   storage   and   small-­‐scale   in-­‐slum   pipeline   systems,   where   water   pipelines   are   at   a  
distance   or   where   upgrading   plans   may   take   a   while;   c.   de-­‐linking   land   tenure   from   water  
service  provision  for  squatter  settlements  and  vehdas  on  payment  basis  by  the  Self-­‐Owned  
land  owner  and  with  appropriate  byelaws  to  ensure  compliance,  and  d.  raising  the  norms  for  
water  supply  –  quantity  and  quality  -­‐  and  making  these  equal  to  formal  areas.  
 
Slums  shall  be  part  of  the  water  supply  plans  of  the  city  to  ensure  inclusion.    
Households   shall   pay   for   the   home   tap   connections  with  appropriate  subsidies  and  micro  
finance  assistance  to  enable  lump  sum  payment  for  the  connection.  
 

95  
 
  

Water   supplied   shall   be   of   good   and   reliable   quality;   potable,  with  appropriate  pressure,  
timings   and   duration   of   supply   to   ensure   all   households   get   regular   and   dependable  
supplies.  This  shall  enable  people,  especially  women,  to  be  more  productive.    
Decentralized   systems   shall   be   planned,   operated   and   managed   in   partnership   with   the  
communities.  They  shall  be  developed  as  community  enterprises  to  help  generate  incomes  
for   the   poor.   Capital   costs  for   these   systems   shall   be   invested   under   RAY.  Such   systems   shall  
however,  be  interim  solutions  and  phased  out  once  regular  network  supplies  start/resume.    
Non-­‐functional   hand   pumps/bore   wells   shall   be   repaired   and   operationalization   of   the  
existing  water  infrastructure  in  the  settlements  (pipelines,  taps,  tap  bases  etc.).    
Services  shall  be  ramped  up  to  meet  norms  or  demand  till  water  services  to  homes  happen.      
MCL   shall   work   with   communities   to   develop   rainwater   harvesting   and   groundwater  
recharge   systems  in  the  settlements  to  create  a  culture  of  water  conservation  and  reduce  
groundwater  pollution.    
Exhibit  67:  Decentralized  and  Local  Solutions  for  Water  

   
 
Water  supply  shall  be  metered  as   in   the   rest   of   the   city.   Payment   of   water   use   is   important  
for   the   financial   health   of   the   utility.   Lifeline/fixed  tariff  payments   shall   ensure   affordability  
among  the  poor  who  are  also  in  desperate  need  for  good  quality,  easily  accessible  water  to  
ensure  good  health  and  productivity.    
Groundwater   extraction   shall   be   regulated   as   per   city   rules,   especially   in   areas   where  
municipal  supply  becomes  functional.  
 
Operations  and  Maintenance  (O&M)  of   the  network   infrastructure   shall   be   a   critical   part   of  
the  overall  service  delivery  plan.  MCL  shall  prepare  O&M  plans  for  the  city,  ward/zone  and  
slum  levels.  A  water  and  leakage  audit  undertaken  by  the  community  shall  be  overlaid  onto  
the   slum   GIS-­‐MIS   to   enable   MCL   to   fix   leakages   and   provide   the   annual   resources   for  
maintenance.   Local   plumbers   could   be   enlisted   for   emergency/small   repair   jobs.   With  
proper  training  this  can  serve  to  generate  work  for  the  poor.    
 
Community  Water  Committees   shall  be  mobilized  in  each  settlement  and  federated  at  the  
zone/ward   level.   Besides   periodic   water   and   leakage   audits   they   shall   be   responsible   for  
making   routine   checks   for   monitoring   infrastructure   quality,   list   people’s   complaints   and  
inform   MCL.   They   shall   report   achievements   to   the   utility   on   repairs   carried   out.   The  
Community   Water   Committees   shall   be   trained   to   maintain   a   record   of   complaints   and  
achievements.  
 
Rainwater   Harvesting   and   Ground   Water   Recharging   Systems   shall   be   built   in   all  
settlements   and   in   all   houses,   especially   where   groundwater   supplies   are   being   provided.  
Water   Committees   in   the   settlements   shall   plan   and   oversee   these.   It   shall   also   work   on  
reducing  water  wastage  in  the  area.    

96  
 
  

c. Sanitation  Services    
The  overarching  goal  of  slum  sanitation  is  to  ensure  clean  and  healthy  living  environments  in  
low-­‐income  settlements.  Sanitation  services  to  slums  shall  be  comprehensive  and  aimed  at  
making   Ludhiana   a   healthy   and   open   defecation   free   city   as   per   Swatch   Bharat   Abhiyaan.  
They   shall   include   the   entire   bundle   of   sanitation   services;   toilets,   wastewater   and   solid  
waste.  Sanitation  plans  for  slums  shall  be  integrated  with  the  Sanitation  and  Sewerage  Plan  
to  synergize  the  two  plans  and  network  slums  with  proposed  trunk  systems.    
Ø Toilets  
Toilets   for   All:   Under   L-­‐SFCPOA,   Ludhiana   shall   shift   from   common   toilets   in   slums   to  
household  toilets.  Slums  proposed  for  in-­‐situ  upgrading  shall  ensure  toilets  at  home  for  all,  
both  in  houses  under  up-­‐gradation  and  in  existing  pucca  structures.  Those  to  be  relocated  
shall  have  home  toilets  as  prescribed  under  RAY.    
Toilets  shall  be  linked  to  appropriate  in-­‐slum  sanitation  infrastructure  for  conveying  toilet  
discharge   such   as   simplified   sewer   lines,   shared   or   individual   septic   tanks   and   other  
decenralized  systems  as  part  of  the  in-­‐situ  upgrading  plan.  
Exhibit  68:  Household  Toilets  in  Slums  

 
 
Home   toilets   in   in-­‐situ   development   shall   be   customised   to   house   spaces,   sanitation  
infrastructure  and  affordability.  Access  to  financial  subsidies  shall  be  provided  under  Toilet  
Schemes  such  as  Swatch  Bharat  Abhiyan/as  applicable.  Besides,  toilet  microfinance  systems  
shall   be   developed,   linked   to   affordability/demand   and   in   partnership   with   microfinance  
agencies.   Ludhiana   shall   also   capitalize   a   Community   Credit   Fund   from   the   RAY   grant   to  
provide   access   to   toilet   microfinance.   MCL   shall   develop   a   list   of   toilet   entrepreneurs  
(manufacturers   of   pans,   septic   tanks,   petty   contractors)   shall   be   identified   and   train   them  
for  turnkey  toilet  making  services  to  individual  households  to  ensure  engineering  soundness.  
 
Clean  and  functional  toilets  shall  be  enabled  in   vehdas  by  extending  public  infrastructure  in  
the  areas  and  laying  down  building  byelaws  for  vehdas.    
 
Shared,   community   or   mobile   toilets   shall   be   provided   in   transition   sites   for   households  
under  resettlement.  The  toilet  type  shall  be  based  on  people’s  choice,  likely  length  of  stay  in  
the  transition  site,  available  space.      
 
Shared  or  community  toilets  shall  be  provided  as  interim  solutions   in   settlements   that   are  
far  from  trunk  lines  or  lack  space  and  where  people  are  too  poor  to  invest  in  home  toilets.  
All   community/shared   toilets   shall   have   community   management   systems   where   a  
community  committee  shall  be  responsible  for  the  O&M  and  user  fee  collection.    

97  
 
  

Ø Sewerage  Management    
No  toilet  shall  be  allowed  to  discharge  directly  into  drains.  
Poor  quality  septic  tanks  in  houses  with  toilets  shall  be  improved  and/or  connected  to  sewer  
lines  under  in-­‐situ  development  plan  to  reduce  their  negative  impacts  on  the  environment.    
Discharge   from   Vehdas   will   also   be   intercepted   and   diverted   to   the   nearest   drain,   sewer  
line,  Sewage  Pumping  Station  or  STP.    
 
Exhibit  69:  A  Decentralised  Sewage  Treatment  System  

Ø Drains  
Drains  in  all  slums  shall  be  pucca  and  covered,  with  perforations  to  provide  for  cleaning.  
These   shall   also   have   proper   gradients   and   in   all   cases   linked   to   outfall   points   to   ensure  
interception  and  diversion  of  wastewater  to  STPs.  Drain  covers  would  be  perforated  to  allow  
surface  run  off  into  the  drains.    Covered  drains  shall  prevent  disposal  of  solid  waste  in  drains  
and  chocking.  These  shall  also  improve  cleanliness  of  these  areas.  There  are  327677  metres  
kuchha   drains   in   the   slums   that  need   to   be   made   pucca   and   all   drains   (487178   meters)   shall  
be  covered.  
Veda  drains  shall  have  proper  specifications  to  ensure  their  environment  remains  clean  and  
healthy.  These  shall  be  linked  to  the  expanded  public  infrastructure  or  DEWATS.  
Ø Wastewater  Treatment  Systems  
All   black   and   grey   water   from   toilets   and   households   shall   be   channelized   to   flow   into  
sewage   treatment   systems.   Where   main   trunk   sewers   are   not   available   or   technically  
possible  to  build,  Decentralized  Waste  Water  Systems  (DEWATS)  may  be  developed  as  ones  
built  by  CURE  in  Agra  and  Delhi.    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Decentralised  Waste  Water  treatment  System  (DEWAT)  
98  
 
  

 
 
Ø Solid  Waste  Management    
Solid   waste   collection   services   shall   be   expanded   to   cover   all   slums,   low-­‐income  
settlements   and   vehdas   in   Ludhiana.   This   shall   include   a   door-­‐to-­‐door   waste   collection  
service  operated  by  the  community  and  linked  to  Self-­‐Owned  service  provider.  Community  
systems   for   waste   management   i.e.   recycling,   composting   and   disposal   of   non-­‐
biodegradable   waste   shall   be   encouraged   with   support   of   NGOs   and   planned   as   livelihood  
enterprises  to  enable  communities  to  generate  income.    
Ø Roads  and  Transport  
Connecting   low-­‐income   settlements   to   appropriate   road   and   transport   systems   is   critical   for  
improving  their  mobility  and  productivity.  
   
Road   and   in-­‐slum   streets  shall  be  improved  by  relaying  and  reconstruction  where  needed.  
All   kuccha   and   semi   pucca,   in-­‐slum   roads   shall   be   upgraded   to   pucca   roads   in   cement  
concrete   or   paved   pathways   as   per   MCL   norms.   The   road   construction   will   also   include  
repair/reconstruction  of  the  approach  roads.  
Access  roads  to  Vehdas  shall  also  be  laid.  
 
Relaying   or   laying   of   new   road/streets  will  be  done  with  proper  levelling  and  appropriate  
sloping  to  the  side  drains.    
 
Transport   linkages   shall   be   provided   to   the   nearest   point   and   planned   to   connect   slum  
areas   to   the   city’s   industrial/commercial   areas.     MCL   shall   work   with   the   transport  
department  to  plan  the  linkages.    
 
Ø Power  Supply  and  Street  Lights    
A   Self-­‐Owned   power   distribution   company   is   increasingly   connecting   slum   households   to  
metered   power   supply.   MCL   shall   work   with   the   Self-­‐Owned   distributor   to   ensure   all   slum  
households  are  covered  with  legal  power  supply  at  appropriate  rates.  The  effort  will  be  to  
build   shorter   billing   cycles   that   correspond   with   people’s   earnings   and   ability   to   pay.   MCL  
shall   create   awareness   on   power   saving   and   monitor   the   complaints   redressal   system   for  
faulty/fast  meters,  billing  inaccuracies,  disconnection  etc.    
 
Streetlights  in  slums  shall  be  made  functional,  new  ones  shall  be  added  where  required  as  
per   norms.   MCL   shall   make   available   ground   level   information   on   dysfunctional   or  
inadequate  numbers  to  the  company.    
 
All  approach  roads  to  slums  shall  also  have  streetlights  for  safety  purposes.    
Community   toilets   in   slums   shall   also   be   provided   with   lights/streetlights   on   access  
pathways.  
 

d. Development  of  Livelihoods  

Industries   of   Ludhiana   create   plentiful   livelihood   opportunities   for   the   poor.   As   per   the  
baseline   survey,   half   of   the   working   population   in   slums   (42.6%)   is   employed.   Most   of   the  
work   done   is   informal.   A   small   percentage   (3%)   has   formal   employment   and   draw   regular  
salaries.  About  8%  are  self-­‐employed,  have  set  up  Self-­‐Owned  enterprises  that  service  both  
industries   and   slum   dwellers   and   are   vendors,   loaders,   delivery   people,   rickshaw   pullers   etc.  

99  
 
  

Many  also  work  out  of  homes  in  home-­‐based  activities  etc.  Livelihoods  initiative  for  poor  in  
Ludhiana   shall   focus   primarily   on   up-­‐skilling,   connecting   poor   to   formal,   regular-­‐wage  
employment   and   linked   enterprise   development   for   sustainable   poverty   reduction.   It   shall  
be   synergized   with   the   National   Urban   Livelihoods   Mission   (NULM)   of   the   Government   of  
India.   Its   particular   focus   shall   be   on   promoting   livelihoods   among   the   poorest   and   the  
usually  excluded  groups  within  slum  communities.    
 
Livelihoods   promoted   through   the   development   of   enterprises   (micro,   small  
and   medium)   shall   identify   products   and   services   required   by   the   industry.  
Entrepreneurship   shall   be   supported   with   skilling,   market   linkages,   product  
design,  business  management,  licences,  and  access  to  finance  with  help  of  micro  
finance  agencies.  
 
Up-­‐skilling  shall  include  training  in  skills  for  employment  in  the  existing  industries  and  with  
linkages  to  formal  /regular  wage  employment.  This  shall  be  undertaken  in  partnership  with  
the  corporate  sector.  
 
New   housing   plans   shall   have   earmarked   spaces   for   livelihood   enterprises.   This   shall  
include;  a.   housing  designs  to  enable  people  to  work  out  of  homes,  store  raw  material  and  
finished  products;  b.  spaces  in  slums  for  enterprises/work  such  as  for  fabricating  products,  
composting  pits,  recycling  material,  etc.;  c.  vending  spaces  such  as  shops,  stalls,  pavements  
etc.;   d.   spaces   for   parking   carts,   rickshaws,   ramps   etc.;   and   e.   access   to   power   supply   at  
domestic  rates;  
 
MCL  shall  prepare  a  City  Plan  for  Street  Vendors  as  per  requirement,  map  spaces  used  for  
vending,   weekly   markets,   construction   worker   chowks,   etc.   MCL   shall   also   identify   new  
commercially  viable  vending  sites  such  as  along  the  transport  corridors  and  stations  and  set  
up   registration   centres   at   the  Zone   level   to   register   existing/new   vendors,   carts   etc.   to   make  
vending   hassle   free.   These   spaces   shall   be   equipped   with   basic   facilities   of   toilets,   bathing  
areas,  water,  night  shelters,  parking  etc.    
 

Suggested  Road  Section  for  development  of  Street  vending  areas    

100  
 
  

e. Access  to  Health  and  Education  Services    

 
Health   and   education   services   shall   be   planned   and   delivered   in   convergence   with   the  
concerned  departments.  MCL  shall  jointly  review  with  concerned  department  official,  spatial  
distribution  of  municipal  schools  and  health  centres,  identify  gaps  and  plan  for  gap  filling.    
Education  and  health  committees  shall  be  set  up  at  Ward  level  to  monitor  service  delivery  
quality.  

f. Access  to  Social  Security    

 
MCL   shall   promote   social   security   benefits   of   development   schemes   among   the   slum  
dwellers,  such  as  pensions  for  widows,  elderly,  disabled;  girl  child  plans,  health  insurances,  
etc.  Based  on  the  data  generated  under  the  HH  survey,  MCL  shall  prepare  beneficiary  lists  
and   develop   a   strategy   to   cover   these   people   with   support   of   NGOs.   The   NGOs   shall   also  
inform  communities  so  that  they  can  avail  of  these  benefits.  MCL  shall  set  up  at  the  Ward  
level   single   window   systems   for   extending   scheme   benefits.   MCL   shall   monitor   benefit  
provision  using  the  GIS-­‐MIS  to  prevent  leakages.  
 

7.3 Project  Implementation  Unit  

For  the  efficient  implementation  of  the  strategies  proposed  in  the  Plan,  MCL  shall  set-­‐up  a  
project   Implementation   Unit.   The   PMU   shall   coordinate,   and   work   closely   with   a   range   of  
city  agencies  and  concerned  stakeholders  in  implementation  of  the  plan.  The  PMU  shall  also  
facilitate  a  CBO/  NGO  group  on  undertaking  participatory  planning  for  Slum  Development.  

101  
 
  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

ANNEXURES    

102  
 
  

Annex  1:  Land  Tenure  Details  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  
o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
outside  
Baba  Namdev  Colony     0.001  
1   MCL   5.3   130   24.3   Self  Owned   yes   Industry  
outside  
Namdev  Colony     0.002  
2   MCL   10.327   150   14.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
outside  
New  Star  City     0.003  
3   MCL   14.291   300   21   Self  Owned   no   No  
4   Bazigar  Dera   1   1.001   17.5   500   31.5   Self  Owned   Yes   Industry  
5   Bharti  Colony   7   1.002   16.1   250   15.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
6   Deep  Vihar     1   1.003   3.2   200   63.5   Self  Owned   Yes   industry  
8   Fawda  Bend   1   1.005   3.1   50   32.2   Self  Owned   Yes   Industry  
10   Golden  Vihar   1   1.007   3.3   150   45.9   Self  Owned   no   No  
11   New  Aman  Nagar  ext   1   1.008   2.9313   30   23.9   Self  Owned   no   No  
12   Nanda  Colony   3   3.001   7.1725   120   18.1   Self  Owned   no   No  
13   Yashpal  Colony   3   3.002   8.5686   150   21   Self  Owned   no   No  
14   Baldev  Nagar     4   4.001   4.8   200   41.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
15   Kailash  Nagar     4   4.002   7.1   300       Self  Owned   No   No  
16   Krishna  Colony     4   4.003   26.14   350   13.4   Self  Owned   Yes   industry  
17   Vardhman  Nagar     4   4.004   18.524   800   18.9   Self  Owned   no   No  
19   Gujjar  Colony   5   5.002   6.1   250   29.3   Self  Owned   No   No  
20   Jai  Singh  Nagar   5   5.003   5.6   90   21.3   Self  Owned   no   No  
22   Mayapuri   6   6.002   15.232   200   13.1   Self  Owned   Yes   H  T  W  
23   Nalwa  Colony   6   6.003   3.269   300   45.9   Self  Owned   No   No  
24   Nalwa  Colony  Jhuggi  basti   6   6.004   0.5054   100   197.9   Self  Owned   no   No  
25   Baba  Jivan  Singh  Nagar     7   7.001   24.3   580   23.9   Self  Owned   No   No  

103  
 
  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  

o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
Banda  Bahadur  Colony/  Ranjit  
7.002  
26   Nagar   7   23.5   380   10.6   Self  Owned   No   No  
27   Bharpoor  Nagar   7   7.003   9.9   200   25.2   Self  Owned   no   No  
28   Bhola  Colony     7   7.004   11.5   180   24.4   Self  Owned   No   No  
29   Charan  Nagar     7   7.005   13.6   270   22.1   Self  Owned   No   No  
31   EWS  Jhuggi  basti   7   7.007   0.8   20   21.6   Self  Owned   Yes   H  T  W  
32   Gopal  Nagar  part  1   7   7.008   7.9   60   7.6   Self  Owned   No   H  T  W  
33   Grewal  Colony   7   7.009   15.7   250   15.3   Self  Owned   No   No  
34   Heera  Vihar     7   7.01   1.3   300   86.5   Self  Owned   No   No  
35   Jagdish  pura   7   7.011   1.8   280   56.5   Self  Owned   No   No  
36   Jai  Shakti  Nagar   7   7.012   16.4   200   21.4   Self  Owned   No   No  
37   Mahatma  Enclave     7   7.013   12.929   320   24.8   Self  Owned   No   land  fild  side  
38   Manjit  Nagar     7   7.014   2.8   160       Self  Owned   No   H  T  W  
40   National  Colony     7   7.016   9.1806   180   30.5   Self  Owned   No   H  T  W  
41   New  Puneet  Nagar   7   7.017   29.533   1000   35.2   Self  Owned   Yes   H  T  W  
42   New  Vijay  Nagar     7   7.018   7.3362   110   27.3   Self  Owned   no   No  
43   Preet  Nagar   7   7.019   13.421   520   38.6   Self  Owned   No   No  
44   Prem  Vihar     7   7.02   38.722   980   26.9   Self  Owned   No   H  T  W  
45   Puneet  Nagar     7   7.021   6.7295   100   29.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
46   Raju  Colony  +  New  Raju  Colony   7   7.022   15.775   400   25.4   Self  Owned   No   H  T  W  
47   Sanjay  Gandhi  Colony  part-­‐I   7   7.023   0.9049   200   221   Self  Owned   Yes   H  T  W  
48   Sanjay  Gandhi  JJ  Cluster  Part-­‐II   7   7.024   2.2232   90   36   Self  Owned   Yes   H  T  W  
49   Sanjay  Gandhi  JJ  Cluster  Part-­‐III   7   7.025   3.1177   200   64.8   Self  Owned   no   No  
51   Shiv  Shanker  Nagar   7   7.027   9.363   180   19.8   Self  Owned   No   landfill  side  
52   Star  City     7   7.028   23.073   600   24.3   Self  Owned   No   No  

104  
 
  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  

o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
53   Sukhdev  Nagar     7   7.029   7.1737   300   20.9   Self  Owned   No   No  
54   Swatantra  Nagar     7   7.03   12.215   450   28.7   Self  Owned   No   No  
55   Vijay  Nagar   7   7.031   14.803   150   20.3   Self  Owned   Yes   bhudda  nala  
56   Zuneja  Colony     7   7.032   3.4939   160   34.3   Self  Owned   No   No  
part  self  owned  
Bihari  Colony   8.001  
57   8   1.8   206   112.7   part  public   No   bhudda  nala  
58   Gopal  Nagar  p-­‐2   8   8.002   15.5   270   17.4   Self  Owned   No   No  
59   Karamsar  Colony  part   8   8.003   2.0054   300   149.6   Self  Owned   No   No  
60   New  Subhash  Nagar   8   8.004   37.446   1300   34.7   Self  Owned   No   No  
61   New  Zuneja  Colony   8   8.005   3.3602   100   29.8   Self  Owned   no   No  
62   Rishi  Nagar   8   8.006   11.565   320   25.9   Self  Owned   No   No  
63   Simarjit  Nagar   8   8.007   6.3597   80   34.6   Self  Owned   No   No  
66   Kuliya  Bagh  Jhuggi   10   10.002   0.7211   38   45.8   Self  Owned   No   No  
jhuggi  basti  near  Urban  state  near  
13.002  
68   singh  sabha  gurudwara   13   0.7   100   134.9   Self  Owned   yes   railway  line  
69   Jiwan  Nagar   13   13.003   39.8   450   13.8   Self  Owned   Yes   highway  
70   Jiwan  Nagar  jhuggi   13   13.004   0.5   48   90.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
71   Balla  Colony   14   14.001   16.2   250   33.3   Self  Owned   No   No  
highway  and  
Chhoti  dhandari  Basti   14.002  
72   14   4.3   100   14.9   Public   No   railway  line  
Chhoti  dhandari  khurd  jhuggi  P-­‐1   highway  and  
14.003  
73   and  P-­‐2   14   3.0   80   33.4   Public   No   railway  line  
74   Deep  Colony   14   14.004   2.1   200   94.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
76   Durga  Colony  -­‐  Vehda   14   14.006   11.7   3200   257.3   Self  Owned   Yes   Industry  
77   Garcha  Colony   14   14.007   8.2   650   79   Self  Owned   No   highway  and  

105  
 
  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  

o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
railway  line  
78   Gupta  Colony   14   14.008   1.6   100   49.8   Self  Owned   No   No  
79   Haati  Colony   14   14.009   4.2   200   35.4   Self  Owned   No   No  
80   Indra   Nagar  Jhuggi   14   14.01   0.7   165   244.4   Public   Yes   railway  line  
81   Ishwar  Colony  -­‐  Vehda   14   14.011   0.6   120   463.9   Self  Owned   No   railway  line  
82   Jagdish  Colony   14   14.012   6.8   120   17.7   Self  Owned   No   No  
83   Jhuggi  Basti  near  Murgi  Farm   14   14.013   0.7   45   61.1   Self  Owned   No   No  
Jhuggi  Basti  near  vishwanath  
14.014  
84   mandir   14   0.6   32   51.6   Self  Owned   no   No  
85   Nagendra  Colony   14   14.015   0.4082   120   294   Self  Owned   No   No  
86   New  Durga  Colony   14   14.016   3.533   150   42.5   Self  Owned   Yes   railway  line  
87   Pal  Colony   14   14.017   2.386   140   58.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
88   Prem  Nagar   14   14.018   5.6182   700   62.3   Self  Owned   No   No  
89   prem  Nagar  Jhuggi   14   14.019   0.6252   40   80   Self  Owned   No   No  
Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  (near  B.C.M  
14.02  
90   School)   14   3.0953   340   96.9   Public   No   No  
91   Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  (k.w.  Road)   14   14.021   3.1593   480   167.8   Public   No   railway  line  
92   Rajiv  Gandhi  Colony  Jhuggi   14   14.022   11.044   1250   113.2   Public   No   railway  line  
93   Shiv  Colony   14   14.023   7.1641   250   41.9   Self  Owned   No   railways  line  
94   Vishakha  Colony   14   14.024   0.6762   50   73.9   Public   No   railway  line  
95   vishwakarma   Colony   14   14.025   9.7216   80   18.5   Self  Owned   Yes   railway  line  
96   Vishwakarma  Jhuggi   14   14.026   8.3689   800   95.6   Public   No   MCL  
97   Luvkush  Colony   15   15.001   1.9065   150   78.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
98   Moti  Nagar   15   15.002   49.144   1200   24.418   Self  Owned   no   No  
100   Jhuggi  Basti  near  B-­‐4  Zone  office   16   16.002   0.7   120   166.2   Self  Owned   no   No  

106  
 
  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  

o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
103   Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  p-­‐3  and  4   16   16.005   3.0028   100   33.3   Public   yes   railway  line  
104   Ranjit  Nagar   16   16.006   4.4721   150   33.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
105   Bihari  Colony   17   17.001   1.5   380   260.5   Self  Owned   No   No  
106   Hari  Krishna  Colony   17   17.002   1.0   125   127.7   Self  Owned   yes   Industry  
107   Jhuggi  Basti  near  valmiki  quarters   17   17.003   0.2   70   332.9   Self  Owned   no   No  
108   Plot  No-­‐241  jhuggi   17   17.004   0.0946   53   824.2   Self  Owned   Yes   Industry  
109   Shiv  Colony     17   17.005   3.1402   500   159.2   Public   Yes   mc  l  
115   Suraj  Narsary  Jhuggi   24   24.003   0.2467   20   81.1   Self  Owned   no   No  
117   Amar  Vihar  jhuggi   26   26.001   2.8   120   21.8   Self  Owned   No   No  
118   Guru  Naam  Nagar   26   26.002   8.3   250   29.9   Self  Owned   No   No  
119   Jashiya  Road  Jhuggi   26   26.003   1.6   70   44.1   Public   Yes   railway  line  
120   Jwala  Singh  Nagar   26   26.004   5.8   230   39.5   Self  Owned   No   No  
121   Rajori  Garden   26   26.005   12.863   100   3.9   Self  Owned   No   No  
122   Sunil  Nagar/Surendra  park   26   26.006   29.741   500   40.3   Self  Owned   No   No  
123   Swati  Nagar   26   26.007   3.1838   200   125.6   Self  Owned   No   No  
125   Bhagwati  Vihar   27   27.001   10.4   130   12.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
Hamvara  road  jhuggi  (opp.  
28.001  
128   Ramdarbar  mandir)   28   0.3   50   204   Public   Yes   bhudda  nala  
129   Upkar  Nagar  Jhuggi   30   30.001   0.1944   120   643   Self  Owned   No   bhudda  nala  
130   Bajwa  Colony  and  Jhuggi   31   31.001   19.9   22   15.1   Self  Owned   No   H  T  W  
132   Jawan  Vihar   31   31.003   9.3   300   32.3   Self  Owned   No   No  
133   Nidan  Singh  Nagar   31   31.004   11.194   500   44.7   Self  Owned   No   No  
134   Pritam  Nagar   31   31.005   15.299   400   42.5   Self  Owned   No   No  
136   New  Valmiki  Nagar   32   32.001   2.1241   150   70.6   Public   Yes   Railways  
138   Shanti  Nagar  Jhuggi   32   32.003   1.2444   66   53   Self  Owned   No   bhudda  nala  

107  
 
  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  

o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
139   Jasal  House  (Jagraon  Bridge)   36   36.001   0.3   45   395   Public   No   railway  line  
140   Islam  Ganj  Jhuggi   43   43.001   0.4   50   139   Self  Owned   Yes   railway  line  
141   New  Kartar  Nagar     45   45.001   2.0424   25   31.8   Self  Owned   No   No  
142   Preet  Nagar     45   45.002   1.4295   80   104.9   Self  Owned   No   H  T  W  
143   Fauzi  Mohalla   46   46.001   7.3   50   19.1   Self  Owned   no   No  
144   Kabir  Basti  Jhuggi   46   46.002   0.3   20   72.4   Public   Yes   Railways  
145   Ambedkar  Nagar   47   47.001   23.5   2000   76.6   Self  Owned   No   No  
146   Abdulla  Pura  Jhuggi   48   48.001   0.8   66   86.8   Public   Yes   highway  
147   Yamuna  Colony   48   48.002   4.8675   250   51.4   Self  Owned   Yes   canal    
148   Purani  Kachehri  Jhuggi   52   52.001   0.7311   20   30.1   Public   Yes   Railways  
149   Valmiki  Basti  p-­‐1   52   52.002   0.4443   73   164.3   Public   No   Railways  
150   Valmiki  Basti  p-­‐2   52   52.003   0.2446   45   171.7   Public   No   Railways  
151   New  prem  Nagar  basti   53   53.001   3.2051   134   78   Public   No   Punjab  Gov  
152   Ambedkar  Colony   55   55.001   1.4   70   48.4   Public   No   mc  l  
highway  and  
Dairy  complex  p-­‐1   55.002  
153   55   2.1   90   33.9   Public   No   railway  line  
154   Dairy  complex  p-­‐2   55   55.003   0.3   50   143.4   Public   No   No  
155   Labour  Colony   60   56.001   1.8974   160   79.1   Self  Owned   yes   canal    
156   B  R  S  Nagar  jhuggi   57   57.001   1.1   100   93.4   Public   Yes   canal    
157   Barewal  awana   58   58.001   18.3   300   16.4   Self  Owned   no   No  
158   Fatahpur  awana   58   58.002   23.9   100   4.2   Self  Owned   No   No  
160   Bhagat  Singh  Nagar  Jhuggi   59   59.002   5.7   170   14   Public   No   railway  line  
162   New  Shyam  Nagar  P-­‐1  and  2   59   59.004   0.8074   51   63.2   Private   No   No  
163   Shyam  Nagar   59   59.005   16.657   40   9   Self  Owned   No   No  
164   Valmiki  Jhuggi  Basti   59   59.006   4.1467   60   14.5   Public   No   railway  line  

108  
 
  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  

o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
167   Punjabi  Bagh   60   60.003   39.223   400   10.2   Self  Owned   No   No  
169   Guru  Gobind  Singh  Nagar   62   62.002   11.8   230   15.7   Self  Owned   No   No  
Jhuggi  Barota  road  near  guru  
62.003  
170   gobind  singh  nagar   62   0.2   22   132.4   Self  Owned   no   No  
171   Ishwar  Nagar  D-­‐block   62   62.004   4.4   50   11.3   Self  Owned   no   No  
173   Shaheed  Sukhdev  Nagar   64   64.002   7.6953   250   26   Self  Owned   No   No  
Chet  singh  Nagar  jhuggi  dana  mandi  
67.001  
174   Jhuggi   67   1.5   100   65.3   Self  Owned   Yes   railway  line  
175   Jhuggi  basti  near  sidhwan  canal   67   67.002   0.8   50   59.1   Self  Owned   yes   canal    
176   Samshantghat  Jhuggi   69   69.001   ?   20       Public   yes   highway  
177   Millitary  Camp   71   71.001   0.8779   45   91.1   Cantonment   No   No  
178   Gaspur  Khal   72   72.001   2.6   110   41.9   Self  Owned   Yes   H  T  W  
179   Adarsh  Nagar   73   73.001   23.6   150   8.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
180   Ajit  Nagar   73   73.002   3.0   350   149.4   Self  Owned   no   No  
181   Gagan  Nagar   73   73.003   14.9   300   16.8   Self  Owned   no   No  
182   Gill  Colony   73   73.004   18.4   600   24.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
183   Gurmail  Nagar   73   73.005   34.3   700   32   Self  Owned   no   No  
184   Guru  Nanak  Nagar   73   73.006   11.1   800   40.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
185   Guru  Vachan  Colony   73   73.007   17.8   220   12.3   Self  Owned   no   No  
186   Gyan  Chandra  Nagar   73   73.008   10.3   400   38.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
188   New  Ram  Nagar   73   73.01   5.6128   90   16   Self  Owned   no   No  
189   Pakhar  Colony   73   73.011   12.04   80   10   Self  Owned   no   No  
190   Shimlapuri  Jhuggi   73   73.012   1.2976   20   19.3   Public   Yes   puda  
191   Sundar  Nagar   73   73.013   13.037   300   23   Self  Owned   no   No  
193   Harpal  Nagar   74   74.002   6.8   80   10.3   Self  Owned   no   No  

109  
 
  

S.n Basti   Area   Househ HH   Hazardous   Non  confirming  

o.   Name   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   olds   Density   Land  Ownership   Area   Land  use  
194   Jaspal  Nagar   74   74.003   10.1   150       Self  Owned   no   No  
195   Keshav  Nagar   74   74.004   3.1922   150   31.3   Self  Owned   no   No  
196   Kunti  Nagar   74   74.005   2.373   120   50.6   Self  Owned   no   No  
197   Maha  laxmi  Nagar   74   74.006   4.1844   260   47.8   Self  Owned   no   No  
198   Mahadev  Nagar   74   74.007   16.442   640   13.4   Self  Owned   no   No  
199   Mahendra  Nagar   74   74.008   9.3709   300   37.3   Self  Owned   no   No  
200   New  Mahadev  Nagar   74   74.009   4.5244   120   26.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
201   Prem  Nagar   74   74.01   20.4   1100   12.7   Self  Owned   no   No  
202   Samrat  Colony   74   74.011   65.815   2450   20.5   Self  Owned   no   No  
203   Satguru  Nagar   74   74.012   27.868   350   7.2   Self  Owned   no   No  
204   Shiv  Mandir  Colony   74   74.013   3.5158   100   28.4   Self  Owned   no   No  
205   Surjit  Nagar   74   74.014   21.016   1240   14.3   Self  Owned   no   No  
206   Bhoot  Colony   75   75.001   0.7   45   67.4   Self  Owned   Yes   Industry  
207   Bihari  Colony   75   75.002   4.4   100   18   Self  Owned   yes   Industry  
208   Chambal  Ghati  Basti   75   75.003   0.6   30   111.7   Self  Owned   yes   Industry  
211   Kaka  Colony   75   75.006   6.5   300       Self  Owned   no   No  
212   Kangalwal  Colony   75   75.007   2.6634   250   93.9   Self  Owned   No   No  
213   Logval  Colony   75   75.008   9.3227   100   21.5   Self  Owned   No   No  
214   Madhav  Nagar   75   75.009   2.5274   200   51.4   Self  Owned   no   No  
215   Makkar  Colony   75   75.01   34.08   800   44   Self  Owned   No   No  
highway  and  
mata  dudh  kurshi  Colony   75.011  
216   75   2.768   80   28.9   Public   Yes   railway  line  
highway  and  
Ravi  das  veda   75.012  
217   75   6.501   100   23.1   Self  Owned   Yes   railway  line  
218   Sabji  mandi  vedas   75   75.013   6.2656   150   95.8   Self  Owned   Yes   Industry  

110  
 
  

 
   

111  
 
  

Annexure  2.a:  Unregularised  Unserviced  Unauthorised  slums,  Ludhiana  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Name  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Code   HHS   HHS   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
1   Baba  Namdev  Colony     0.001   130   80   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   8   4  
2   Namdev  Colony     0.002   150   80   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   8   4  
3   New  Star  City     0.003   300   150   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   8   4  
4   Bazigar  Dera   1.001   500   80   0.8   0.75   0   pucca   0   0   8   0.5  
5   Bharti  Colony   1.002   250   50   0.5   0.5   0   pucca   100   0   8   3  
6   Deep  Vihar     1.003   200   20   0.9   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   3  
8   Fawda  Bend   1.005   50   40   1   0.9   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   1  
10   Golden  Vihar   1.007   150   40   0.8   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   1  
11   New  Aman  Nagar  ext   1.008   30   3   0   0.7   0   Pucca   0   0   6   2  
12   Nanda  Colony   3.001   120   10   0.9   0.7   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
13   Yashpal  Colony   3.002   150   15   0.8   0   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
14   Baldev  Nagar     4.001   200   20   0.5   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   8   3  
15   Kailash  Nagar     4.002   300   40   0.5   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   8   3  
16   Krishna  Colony     4.003   350   60   1   0   0   pucca   100   0   5   2  
17   Vardhman  Nagar     4.004   800   50   0.9   0.9   0   Pucca   100   0   8   2  
19   Gujjar  Colony   5.002   250   50   0.8   0.75   0   Pucca   0   0   8   3  
20   Jai  Singh  Nagar   5.003   90   15   0.9   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   8   3  
22   Mayapuri   6.002   200   50   0.8   0.75   0.4   Pucca   100   0   7   2  
23   Nalwa  Colony   6.003   300   120   0.5   0.5   0   Pucca   0   0   6   4  
25   Baba  Jivan  Singh  Nagar     7.001   580   90   0.6   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   8   2  
Banda  Bahadur  Colony/  Ranjit  
7.002  
26   Nagar   380   150   0.25   0   0   kucca   0       8   3  

112  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Name  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Code   HHS   HHS   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
27   Bharpoor  Nagar   7.003   200   70   0   0.5   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   4  
28   Bhola  Colony     7.004   180   30   0.7   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   6   4  
29   Charan  Nagar     7.005   270   70   0.7   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   6   4  
32   Gopal  Nagar  part  1   7.008   60   30   0.9   0.85   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   4  
33   Grewal  Colony   7.009   250   60   0.7   0.7   0   Kuchha   0   0   8   5  
34   Heera  Vihar     7.01   300   30   0.8   0.9   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   3  
35   Jagdish  pura   7.011   280   40   0.8   0.9   0   Pucca   0   0   4   3  
36   Jai  Shakti  Nagar   7.012   200   60   0.75   0.7   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   4  
37   Mahatma  Enclave     7.013   320   100   1   1   0   kucca   0       8   4  
38   Manjit  Nagar     7.014   160   30   0.9   0.6   0   Pucca   0   0   5   4  
40   National  Colony     7.016   180   60   0.8   0.4   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   3  
41   New  Puneet  Nagar   7.017   1000   200   0.4   0.8   0   Kuchha   100   0   3   3  
42   New  Vijay  Nagar     7.018   110   18   0.8   0.85   0   Pucca   0   0   5   4  
43   Preet  Nagar   7.019   520   120   0.6   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   3   3  
44   Prem  Vihar     7.02   980   180   0.6   0.55   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   4  
45   Puneet  Nagar     7.021   100   10   0.9   0.9   0   Pucca   70   0   7   2  
Raju  Colony  +  New  Raju  
7.022  
46   Colony   400   40   0.9   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   4  
51   Shiv  Shanker  Nagar   7.027   180   90   0.8   0.65   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   4  
52   Star  City     7.028   600   100   0.7   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   6   4  
53   Sukhdev  Nagar     7.029   300   40   0.25   0.65   0   Kuchha   30   0   5   3  
54   Swatantra  Nagar     7.03   450   200   0.2   0.3   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   4  
55   Vijay  Nagar   7.031   150   40   0.9   0.85   0   Pucca   0   0   6   2  

113  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Name  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Code   HHS   HHS   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
56   Zuneja  Colony     7.032   160   20   0.9   0.9   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   4  
57   Bihari  Colony   8.001   206   200   0   0.2   0.6   pucca   0   0   5   2  
58   Gopal  Nagar  p-­‐2   8.002   270   70   0.5   0   0   kucca   0   0   7   3  
59   Karamsar  Colony  part   8.003   300   50   0.5   1   0   pucca   100   0   5   2  
60   New  Subhash  Nagar   8.004   1300   70   0.7   0.7   0   Pucca   70   0   4   1  
61   New  Zuneja  Colony   8.005   100   40   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   8   3  
62   Rishi  Nagar   8.006   320   20   0.7   0.7   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   6  
63   Simarjit  Nagar   8.007   80   15   0.9   0.85   0   Pucca   0   0   8   6  
69   Jiwan  Nagar   13.003   450   70   0.85   0.8   0   Pucca   70   0   6   3  
71   Balla  Colony   14.001   250   40   0.7   0.7   0   Pucca   0   0   3   3  
74   Deep  Colony   14.004   200   20   0.7   0.9   0   kucca   0   0   4   4  
78   Gupta  Colony   14.008   100   20   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   6   2  
82   Jagdish  Colony   14.012   120   30   0.7   0.6   0   Pucca   0   0   3   3  
86   New  Durga  Colony   14.016   150   30   0   0   0   kuchha   0   0   5   5  
87   Pal  Colony   14.017   140   70   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   8   0.2  
88   Prem  Nagar   14.018   700   200   0.2   0.7   0   Pucca   0   0   4   3  
93   Shiv  Colony   14.023   250   100   0.7   0.7   0   Kuchha   0   0   4   3  
95   vishwakarma  Colony   14.025   80   30   0.7   0.75   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   3  
98   Moti  Nagar   15.002   1200   20   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   3   3  
104   Ranjit  Nagar   16.006   150   15   1   1   0.5   pucca   100   0   5   1  
105   Bihari  Colony   17.001   380   380   0   0.2   0   pucca   0   1   5   3  
118   Guru  Naam  Nagar   26.002   250   150   0.4   0.5   0   Pucca   0   0   5   5  
120   Jwala  Singh  Nagar   26.004   230   100   0.6   0.6   0   Pucca   0   0   3   2  

114  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Name  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Code   HHS   HHS   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
121   Rajori  Garden   26.005   100   20   0.7   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   3  
122   Sunil  Nagar/Surendra  park   26.006   500   350   0.3   0.5   0   Pucca   0   0   5   5  
123   Swati  Nagar   26.007   200   80   0.2   0.2   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   5  
125   Bhagwati  Vihar   27.001   130   130   1   1   0   kucca   0   0   6   3  
132   Jawan  Vihar   31.003   300   50   1   0.7   0   Pucca   0   0   4   2  
133   Nidan  Singh  Nagar   31.004   500   100   0.7   0.7   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
134   Pritam  Nagar   31.005   400   40   0.8   0.75   0   Pucca   30   0   4   2  
136   New  Valmiki  Nagar   32.001   150   45   0   0.5   1   Pucca   0   0   2   2  
139   Jasal  House  (Jagraon  Bridge)   36.001   45   45   1   1   0   Pucca   100   0   2   2  
141   New  Kartar  Nagar     45.001   25   18   0.9   0.9   0   Pucca   100   0   4   1  
142   Preet  Nagar     45.002   80   10   0.9   0.9   0   Pucca   0   0   3   3  
143   Fauzi  Mohalla   46.001   50   40   1   0.9   0   Pucca   0   0   5   1  
153   Dairy  complex  p-­‐1   55.002   90   50   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   4   2  
154   Dairy  complex  p-­‐2   55.003   50   70   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   4   2  
157   Barewal  awana   58.001   300   150   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   5   3  
158   Fatahpur  awana   58.002   100   70   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   5   3  
163   Shyam  Nagar   59.005   40   40   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   3   3  
169   Guru  Gobind  Singh  Nagar   62.002   230   92   0   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   3  
171   Ishwar  Nagar  D-­‐block   62.004   50   50   0   0.8   0   pucca   0   0   5   2  
173   Shaheed  Sukhdev  Nagar   64.002   250   40   0.8   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   3  
177   Millitary  Camp   71.001   45   30   0   0.3   0   Pucca   0   0   5   2  
178   Gaspur  Khal   72.001   110   60   0.45   0.6   0   Pucca   0   0   3   1.5  
179   Adarsh  Nagar   73.001   150   20   1   0.9   0   Pucca   0   0   6   2  

115  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Name  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Code   HHS   HHS   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
180   Ajit  Nagar   73.002   350   20   0.8   0.7   0   Pucca   0   0   7   2  
181   Gagan  Nagar   73.003   300   40   1   1   0   Pucca   100   0   6   3  
182   Gill  Colony   73.004   600   100   0.8   0.85   0   Pucca   0   0   6   1  
183   Gurmail  Nagar   73.005   700   120   0.75   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
184   Guru  Nanak  Nagar   73.006   800   20   0.9   0.9   0   Pucca   100   0   3   3  
185   Guru  Vachan  Colony   73.007   220   100   1   1   0   kucca   0   0   5   3  
186   Gyan  Chandra  Nagar   73.008   400   150   0.5   0.5   0   Pucca   0   0   6   3  
188   New  Ram  Nagar   73.01   90   50   1   1   0   kucca   0   0   6   3  
189   Pakhar  Colony   73.011   80   20   0.9   0.9   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
191   Sundar  Nagar   73.013   300   100   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   6   3  
193   Harpal  Nagar   74.002   80   10   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   7   2  
194   Jaspal  Nagar   74.003   150   45   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   5  
195   Keshav  Nagar   74.004   150   30   0.5   0.5   0   Pucca   0   0   7   3  
196   Kunti  Nagar   74.005   120   50   0.5   0   0   Pucca   0   0   9   4  
197   Maha  laxmi  Nagar   74.006   260   60   0.9   0.9   0   Pucca   100   0   7   3  
198   Mahadev  Nagar   74.007   640   100   0.4   0.2   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   4  
199   Mahendra  Nagar   74.008   300   80   0.8   0.7   0   Pucca   100   0   7   2  
200   New  Mahadev  Nagar   74.009   120   50   0.5   0.8   0   pucca   0   0   6   3  
201   Prem  Nagar   74.01   1100   30   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   7   3  
202   Samrat  Colony   74.011   2450   200   0.7   0.7   0.4   Pucca   50   0   5   3  
203   Satguru  Nagar   74.012   350   105   0.3   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   5  
204   Shiv  Mandir  Colony   74.013   100   50   0.8   0.5   0   Kuchha   30   0   7   7  
205   Surjit  Nagar   74.014   1240   15   0.95   0.95   0   Pucca   70   0   7   3  

116  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Name  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Code   HHS   HHS   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
207   Bihari  Colony   75.002   100   50   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   7   7  
208   Chambal  Ghati  Basti   75.003   30   20   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   8   6  
212   Kangalwal  Colony   75.007   250   50   0   0.2   0   kucca   0   0   5   3  
213   Logval  Colony   75.008   100   30   0   0.2   0   Kuchha   0   0   4   3  
214   Madhav  Nagar   75.009   200   70   0.8   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   5  
215   Makkar  Colony   75.01   800   240   0.5   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   5  
216   mata  dudh  kurshi  Colony   75.011   80   80   0   0.8   0   pucca   0   0   4   3  
 
   

117  
 
  

Annexure  2.b:  Slums  with  majority  of  Vehdas  within  boundary  

Municipal   Approach   Government  

Basti   B.P.L.   Sewer  line   piped  water   Road   Inner  road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
Durga  Colony  
14.006  
76   -­‐  Vehda   3200   5   0.8   0.5   0   kuchha   0   0   5   3  
Garcha  
14.007  
77   Colony   650   100   0   0   0   kuchha   0   0   5   3  
Ishwar  
Colony  -­‐   14.011  
81   Vehda   120   100   0.8   0.5   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   3  
Nagendra  
14.015  
85   Colony   120   60   0   0   0.3   kuchha   0   0   5   3  
167   Punjabi  Bagh   60.003   400   160   1   1   0   Pucca   100   0   5   3  
206   Bhoot  Colony   75.001   45   20   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   7   4  
211   Kaka  Colony   75.006   300   240   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   4   4  
217   Ravi  das  veda   75.012   100   30   0   0.8   0   Pucca   100   0   4   0.5  
Sabji  mandi  
75.013  
218   vedas   150   70   0.5   0.5   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   2  
   

118  
 
  

Annexure  2.c:  Jhuggi  Jhopdi  Clusters  in  Ludhiana  

Sewer   Municip Approac Inner  
B.P. line   al  piped   h  Road   road   Governme Governme
S.no Basti   L.   Networ water   Drai Conditio Conditio CT nt  hospital   nt  school  
.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   k   network   n   n   n   C     (km)   (km)  

Nalwa  Colony  Jhuggi  basti   6.004  

24   100   100   0   0   0   kucca   0       8   3  
31   EWS  Jhuggi  basti   7.007   20   20   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   6   3  

Sanjay  Gandhi  Colony  part-­‐I   7.023  

47   200   200   0   0   0   pucca   0       8   3  

Sanjay  Gandhi  JJ  Cluster  Part-­‐II   7.024  

48   90   20   0.9   0.85   0   Pucca   100   0   7   3  

Sanjay  Gandhi  JJ  Cluster  Part-­‐III   7.025  

49   200   80   0.7   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   7   4  
10.00
Kuliya  Bagh  Jhuggi  
66   2   38   38   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   5   5  

jhuggi  basti  near  Urban  state  near  singh   13.00

sabha  gurudwara   2  
68   100   100   0   0.3   0   pucca   0   0   5   2  
13.00
Jiwan  Nagar  jhuggi  
70   4   48   48   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   7   4  
14.00
Chhoti  dhandari  Basti  
72   2   100   100   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   3   3  
14.00
Chhoti  dhandari  khurd  jhuggi  P-­‐1  and  P-­‐2  
73   3   80   80   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   2   2  
14.00
Haati  Colony  
79   9   200   120   0.8   0.8   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   5  
80   Indra  Nagar  Jhuggi   14.01   165   165   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   4   4  

119  
 
  

Sewer   Municip Approac Inner  

B.P. line   al  piped   h  Road   road   Governme Governme
S.no Basti   L.   Networ water   Drai Conditio Conditio CT nt  hospital   nt  school  
.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   k   network   n   n   n   C     (km)   (km)  
14.01
Jhuggi  Basti  near  Murgi  Farm  
83   3   45   45   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   5   4  
14.01
Jhuggi  Basti  near  vishwanath  mandir  
84   4   32   32   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   5   3  
14.01
prem  Nagar  Jhuggi  
89   9   40   30   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   4   3  

Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  (near  B.C.M  School)   14.02  

90   340   323   0   0.4   0   Pucca   0   0   6   3  
14.02
Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  (k.w.  Road)  
91   1   480   312   0.4   0.6   0   Pucca   0   0   6   3  
14.02 125 125
Rajiv  Gandhi  Colony  Jhuggi  
92   2   0   0   0   0.3   0   kucca   0   0   6   3  
14.02
Vishakha  Colony  
94   4   50   40   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   4   2  
14.02
Vishwakarma  Jhuggi  
96   6   800   600   0   0   0   pucca   0   0   5   4  
15.00
Luvkush  Colony  
97   1   150   150   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   5   3  
16.00
Jhuggi  Basti  near  B-­‐4  Zone  office  
100   2   120   120   0   0   0   pucca   0   0   3   3  
16.00
Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  p-­‐3  and  4  
103   5   100   100   0   0.2   0   pucca   0   0   5   3  
17.00
Hari  Krishna  Colony  
106   2   125   125   0.3   0   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  

120  
 
  

Sewer   Municip Approac Inner  

B.P. line   al  piped   h  Road   road   Governme Governme
S.no Basti   L.   Networ water   Drai Conditio Conditio CT nt  hospital   nt  school  
.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   k   network   n   n   n   C     (km)   (km)  
17.00
Jhuggi  Basti  near  valmiki  quarters  
107   3   70   70   0   0   0   pucca   0   0   5   3  
17.00
Plot  No-­‐241  jhuggi  
108   4   53   80   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
17.00
Shiv  Colony    
109   5   500   500   0   0.7   0   pucca   0   1   5   3  
24.00
Suraj  Narsary  Jhuggi  
115   3   20   15   0   0   0   Pucca   0   1   5   3  
26.00
Amar  Vihar  jhuggi  
117   1   120   120   0   0   0   Kuccha       0   0   5   3  
26.00
Jashiya  Road  Jhuggi  
119   3   70   70   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   6   3  

Hamvara  road  jhuggi  (opp.  Ramdarbar   28.00

mandir)   1  
128   50   50   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   2   1  
30.00
Upkar  Nagar  Jhuggi  
129   1   120   120   0   0.2   0   Pucca   0   0   3   2  
31.00
Bajwa  Colony  and  Jhuggi  
130   1   22   22   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   5   3  
32.00
Shanti  Nagar  Jhuggi  
138   3   66   66   0   0   0   Pucca   0   1   4   2  
43.00
Islam  Ganj  Jhuggi  
140   1   50   50   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   5   3  
46.00
Kabir  Basti  Jhuggi  
144   2   20   20   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   2   3  

121  
 
  

Sewer   Municip Approac Inner  

B.P. line   al  piped   h  Road   road   Governme Governme
S.no Basti   L.   Networ water   Drai Conditio Conditio CT nt  hospital   nt  school  
.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   k   network   n   n   n   C     (km)   (km)  
47.00 200 140
Ambedkar  Nagar  
145   1   0   0   0.5   0.8   0   Pucca   100   0   2   2  
48.00
Abdulla  Pura  Jhuggi  
146   1   66   60   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   3   1  
48.00
Yamuna  Colony  
147   2   250   250   0   0   0   Pucca   100   0   5   3  
52.00
Purani  Kachehri  Jhuggi  
148   1   20   20   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   2   3  
52.00
Valmiki  Basti  p-­‐1  
149   2   73   73   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   1   2  
52.00
Valmiki  Basti  p-­‐2  
150   3   45   45   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   1   2  
53.00
New  prem  Nagar  basti  
151   1   134   134   0   0   0   pucca   0   0   5   4  
55.00
Ambedkar  Colony  
152   1   70   70   0.8   1   0   pucca   0   0   5   3  
56.00
Labour  Colony  
155   1   160   160   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   3   1  
57.00
B  R  S  Nagar  jhuggi  
156   1   100   100   0   0   0   pucca   0   0   6   3  
59.00
Bhagat  Singh  Nagar  Jhuggi  
160   2   170   100   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   8   3  
59.00
New  Shyam  Nagar  P-­‐1  and  2  
162   4   51   50   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   8   2  
164   Valmiki  Jhuggi  Basti   59.00 60   60   0   0   0   pucca   0   0   3   3  

122  
 
  

Sewer   Municip Approac Inner  

B.P. line   al  piped   h  Road   road   Governme Governme
S.no Basti   L.   Networ water   Drai Conditio Conditio CT nt  hospital   nt  school  
.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   k   network   n   n   n   C     (km)   (km)  
6  
Jhuggi  Barota  road  near  guru  gobind  singh   62.00
170   nagar   3   22   22   0   0   0   kucca   0   0   5   3  
Chet  singh  Nagar  jhuggi  dana  mandi   67.00
174   Jhuggi   1   100   100   0   0.2   0   pucca   0   0   6   4  
67.00
Jhuggi  basti  near  sidhwan  canal  
175   2   50   110   0   0   0   pucca   0   0   6   4  
69.00
Samshantghat  Jhuggi  
176   1   20   18   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   3   5  
73.01
Shimlapuri  Jhuggi  
190   2   20   18   0   0   0   Kuchha   0   0   3   1  
 
 

123  
 
  

Annexure  3:  Upgraded  Slums,  to  be  delisted  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
Ek  jot  
1.004  
7   Colony     300   20   0.8   0.8   0   pucca   0   0   5   2  
Geeta  
1.006  
9   Colony   250   20   1   0.9   0   Pucca   100   0   8   3  
Golden  
5.001  
18   Colony   500   70   0.7   0.8   0.2   Kuchha   0   0   8   3  
Karamsar  
6.001  
21   Colony   800   30   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   50   0   8   3  
EWS  
7.006  
30   Colony     2500   80   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   100   4   6   2  
Mata  
Karam  
7.015  
Kaur  
39   Colony     120   10   0.95   0.9   0   Pucca   50   0   5   4  
Sanjay  
Gandhi  JJ  
7.026  
Cluster  
50   Part-­‐IV   220   20   1   100   0.2   pucca   0   0   8   3  
Vishal  
8.008  
64   Vihar   150   10   0.9   0.9   0   Kuchha   0   0   6   4  
Guru  
Ramdas  
65   Nagar   10.001   50   15   0   0   0   Pucca   0   0   8   3  
67   Guru  Bagh   13.001   80   5   0.85   0.9   0   Pucca   70   0   3   0  

124  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
Colony  
Dhandari  
14.005  
75   Khurd   620   20   1   1   1   pucca   100   0   4   2  
Fauji  
16.001  
99   Mohalla   150   20   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   3   3  
Kailash  
16.003  
101   Nagar   200   20   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   3   3  
Muslim  
16.004  
102   Colony   200   20   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   3   3  
Bajra  
20.001  
110   Mohalla   50   20   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   3   2  
Bangru  
20.002  
111   Mohalla   60   20   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   3   2  
Mehmood  
20.003  
112   Pura   180   20   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   3   2  
Bindra  
24.001  
113   Colony   140   20   0.9   0.7   0.7   Pucca   100   0   5   3  
114   Kara  bara   24.002   400   50   0.9   0.85   0   Pucca   100   0   3   2  
Vijay  
24.005  
116   Nagar   100   20   0.8   0.75   0   Pucca   0   0   5   2  
Thapar  
26.008  
124   Colony   230   70   0.7   0.5   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
Gagan  
27.002  
126   Vihar   120   40   1   1   0   Pucca   100   0   6   3  
127   New   27.003   100   90   0.8   1   0   Pucca   0   0   5   5  

125  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
Tansen  
Nagar  
Guru  
Hargobind   31.002  
131   Nagar   400   70   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   4   2  
Zeenat  
31.006  
135   Nagar   250   200   1   1   0   pucca   0   0   5   2  
Peeru  
32.002  
137   Banda   300   20   0.95   0.95   0   Pucca   100   0   1   2  
Badi  
59.001  
159   Jhabaddi   150   120   1   1   0   Pucca   100   0   6   3  
Guru  
Amardas   59.003  
161   Nagar   130   10   1   1   0   pucca   100   0   7   3  
Chotti  
60.001  
165   Jhabaddi   700   210   0.3   0.5   0   Pucca   100   0   3   4  
Labour  
60.002  
166   Colony   210   63   1   1   0   Pucca   100   0   3   3  
Grewal  
62.001  
168   Colony     200   60   0.5   1   0   Pucca   0   0   6   3  
Azad  
64.001  
172   Nagar   400   160   0.7   0.7   0   Kuchha   0   0   8   6  
New  Azad  
73.009  
187   Nagar   830   12   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   0   0   5   3  
192   Ambedkar   74.001   1000   500   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   100   0   5   5  

126  
 
  

Municipal  
Sewer   piped   Approach   Inner   Government  
Basti   B.P.L.   line   water   Road   road   hospital   Government  
S.no.   Name   Code   HHs   HHs   Network   network   Drain   Condition   Condition   CTC     (km)   school  (km)  
Nagar  
Dhandari  
75.004  
209   kalan   800   240   0.8   0.8   0   Pucca   100   0   8   3  
Guru  
nanak   75.005  
210   Colony   240   50   0.4   0.7   0.2   Pucca   50   0   2   2  
 

127  
 
  

Slums  to  be  targeted  in  Phase  1  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  
S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
1   Vishwakarma  Jhuggi   14   14.026   8.368864   800   Public   MCL   JJ  cluster  
2   Shiv  Colony     17   17.005   3.140182   500   Public   MCL   JJ  cluster  
3   New  prem  Nagar  basti   53   53.001   3.205084   134   Public   Punjab  Gov   JJ  cluster  
4   Ambedkar  Colony   55   55.001   1.4   70   Public   MCL   JJ  cluster  
5   Shimlapuri  Jhuggi   73   73.012   1.297646   20   Public   PUDA   JJ  cluster  
6   Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  (near  B.C.M  School)   14   14.02   3.095349   340   Public   NA   JJ  cluster  
Outside   Unserviced  
Baba  Namdev  Colony     0.001  
7   MCL   5.3   130   Self  Owned   Industry   area  
Unserviced  
Bazigar  Dera   1.001  
8   1   17.5   500   Self  Owned   Industry   area  
Unserviced  
Deep  Vihar     1.003  
9   1   3.2   200   Self  Owned   Industry   area  
Unserviced  
Fawda  Bend   1.005  
10   1   3.1   50   Self  Owned   Industry   area  
Unserviced  
Krishna  Colony     4.003  
11   4   26.139754   350   Self  Owned   Industry   area  
Unserviced  
Mayapuri   6.002  
12   6   15.231583   200   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
Unserviced  
Gopal  Nagar  part  1   7.008  
13   7   7.9   60   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
Unserviced  
Mahatma  Enclave     7.013  
14   7   12.929265   320   Self  Owned   Land  fill  site   area  
Unserviced  
Manjit  Nagar     7.014  
15   7   2.8   160   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
Unserviced  
National  Colony     7.016  
16   7   9.180587   180   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  

128  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
Unserviced  
New  Puneet  Nagar   7.017  
17   7   29.532699   1000   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
Unserviced  
Prem  Vihar     7.02  
18   7   38.721679   980   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
Unserviced  
Raju  Colony  +  New  Raju  Colony   7.022  
19   7   15.775265   400   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
Unserviced  
Shiv  Shanker  Nagar   7.027  
20   7   9.362991   180   Self  Owned   Landfill  side   area  
Unserviced  
Vijay  Nagar   7.031  
21   7   14.803286   150   Self  Owned   budda  nala   area  
part  self  
Bihari  Colony   8.001   owned  part   Unserviced  
22   8   1.8   206   public   budda  nala   area  
Unserviced  
Jiwan  Nagar   13.003  
23   13   39.8   450   Self  Owned   Highway   area  
24   Durga  Colony  -­‐  Vehda   14   14.006   11.7   3200   Self  Owned   Industry   colony+Vehda  
Highway  and  
Garcha  Colony   14.007  
25   14   8.2   650   Self  Owned   railway  line   colony+Vehda  
26   Ishwar  Colony  -­‐  Vehda   14   14.011   0.6   120   Self  Owned   Railway  line   colony+Vehda  
Unserviced  
New  Durga  Colony   14.016  
27   14   3.533006   150   Self  Owned   Railway  line   area  
Unserviced  
Shiv  Colony   14.023  
28   14   7.164067   250   Self  Owned   Railways  line   area  
Unserviced  
vishwakarma  Colony   14.025  
29   14   9.72164   80   Self  Owned   Railway  line   area  
Unserviced  
New  Valmiki  Nagar   32.001  
30   32   2.124078   150   Public   Railway  line   area  

129  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
Unserviced  
Jasal  House  (Jagraon  Bridge)   36.001  
31   36   0.3   45   Public   Railway  line   area  
Unserviced  
Preet  Nagar     45.002  
32   45   1.42948   80   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
Highway  and   Unserviced  
Dairy  complex  p-­‐1   55.002  
33   55   2.1   90   Public   railway  line   area  
Unserviced  
Gaspur  Khal   72.001  
34   72   2.6   110   Self  Owned   H  T  W   area  
35   Bhoot  Colony   75   75.001   0.7   45   Self  Owned   Industry   colony+Vehda  
Unserviced  
Bihari  Colony   75.002  
36   75   4.4   100   Self  Owned   Industry   area  
Unserviced  
Chambal  Ghati  Basti   75.003  
37   75   0.6   30   Self  Owned   Industry   area  
Highway  and   Unserviced  
mata  dudh  kurshi  Colony   75.011  
38   75   2.768044   80   Public   railway  line   area  
Highway  and  
Ravi  das  veda   75.012  
39   75   6.500985   100   Self  Owned   railway  line   colony+Vehda  
40   Sabji  mandi  vedas   75   75.013   6.265587   150   Self  Owned   Industry   colony+Vehda  
 

130  
 
  

Phase  2:  Slums  to  be  targeted  in  Phase  2  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  
S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
Outside   Unserviced  
Namdev  Colony     0.002  
1   MCL   10.327231   150   Self  Owned   No   area  
Outside   Unserviced  
New  Star  City     0.003  
2   MCL   14.291281   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Bharti  Colony   1.002  
3   7   16.1   250   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Golden  Vihar   1.007  
4   1   3.3   150   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
New  Aman  Nagar  ext   1.008  
5   1   2.931323   30   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Nanda  Colony   3.001  
6   3   7.172528   120   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Yashpal  Colony   3.002  
7   3   8.56863   150   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Baldev  Nagar     4.001  
8   4   4.8   200   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Kailash  Nagar     4.002  
9   4   7.1   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Vardhman  Nagar     4.004  
10   4   18.523555   800   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Gujjar  Colony  
11   5   5.002   6.1   250   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Jai  Singh  Nagar   5.003  
12   5   5.6   90   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Nalwa  Colony   6.003  
13   6   3.268997   300   Self  Owned   No   area  

131  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
Unserviced  
Baba  Jivan  Singh  Nagar     7.001  
14   7   24.3   580   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Banda  Bahadur  Colony/  Ranjit  Nagar   7.002  
15   7   23.5   380   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Bharpoor  Nagar   7.003  
16   7   9.9   200   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Bhola  Colony     7.004  
17   7   11.5   180   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Charan  Nagar     7.005  
18   7   13.6   270   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Grewal  Colony   7.009  
19   7   15.7   250   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Heera  Vihar     7.01  
20   7   1.3   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Jagdish  pura   7.011  
21   7   1.8   280   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Jai  Shakti  Nagar   7.012  
22   7   16.4   200   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
New  Vijay  Nagar     7.018  
23   7   7.336189   110   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Preet  Nagar   7.019  
24   7   13.420998   520   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Puneet  Nagar     7.021  
25   7   6.729499   100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Star  City     7.028  
26   7   23.072506   600   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Sukhdev  Nagar     7.029  
27   7   7.173679   300   Self  Owned   No   area  

132  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
Unserviced  
Swatantra  Nagar     7.03  
28   7   12.215184   450   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Zuneja  Colony     7.032  
29   7   3.493931   160   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Gopal  Nagar  p-­‐2   8.002  
30   8   15.5   270   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Karamsar  Colony  part   8.003  
31   8   2.005377   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
New  Subhash  Nagar   8.004  
32   8   37.446094   1300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
New  Zuneja  Colony   8.005  
33   8   3.36017   100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Rishi  Nagar   8.006  
34   8   11.565202   320   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Simarjit  Nagar   8.007  
35   8   6.359719   80   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Balla  Colony   14.001  
36   14   16.2   250   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Deep  Colony   14.004  
37   14   2.1   200   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Gupta  Colony   14.008  
38   14   1.6   100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Jagdish  Colony   14.012  
39   14   6.8   120   Self  Owned   No   area  
40   Nagendra  Colony   14   14.015   0.408187   120   Self  Owned   No   colony+Vehda  
Unserviced  
Pal  Colony   14.017  
41   14   2.385988   140   Self  Owned   No   area  
42   Prem  Nagar   14   14.018   5.618158   700   Self  Owned   No   Unserviced  

133  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
area  
49.143796 Unserviced  
Moti  Nagar   15.002  
43   15   29   1200   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Ranjit  Nagar   16.006  
44   16   4.472135   150   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Bihari  Colony   17.001  
45   17   1.5   380   Self  Owned   No   area  
Highway  and  
Chhoti  dhandari  Basti   14.002  
46   14   4.3   100   Public   railway  line   JJ  cluster  
Highway  and  
Chhoti  dhandari  khurd  jhuggi  P-­‐1  and  P-­‐2   14.003  
47   14   3.0   80   Public   railway  line   JJ  cluster  
48   Indra  Nagar  Jhuggi   14   14.01   0.7   165   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  
49   Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  (k.w.  Road)   14   14.021   3.159257   480   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  
50   Rajiv  Gandhi  Colony  Jhuggi   14   14.022   11.043696   1250   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  
51   Vishakha  Colony   14   14.024   0.67616   50   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  
52   Rajiv  Gandhi  jhuggi  p-­‐3  and  4   16   16.005   3.002766   100   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  
53   Jashiya  Road  Jhuggi   26   26.003   1.6   70   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  
Hamvara  road  jhuggi  (opp.  Ramdarbar  
28.001  
54   mandir)   28   0.3   50   Public   Budda  nala   JJ  cluster  
55   Kabir  Basti  Jhuggi   46   46.002   0.3   20   Public   Railways   JJ  cluster  
56   Abdulla  Pura  Jhuggi   48   48.001   0.8   66   Public   Highway   JJ  cluster  
57   Purani  Kachehri  Jhuggi   52   52.001   0.731095   20   Public   Railways   JJ  cluster  
58   Valmiki  Basti  p-­‐1   52   52.002   0.444297   73   Public   Railways   JJ  cluster  
59   Valmiki  Basti  p-­‐2   52   52.003   0.244592   45   Public   Railways   JJ  cluster  
60   B  R  S  Nagar  jhuggi   57   57.001   1.1   100   Public   Canal     JJ  cluster  
61   Bhagat  Singh  Nagar  Jhuggi   59   59.002   5.7   170   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  
62   Valmiki  Jhuggi  Basti   59   59.006   4.146694   60   Public   Railway  line   JJ  cluster  

134  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

S.no.   Name  of  Slum   Ward  No.   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
63   Samshantghat  Jhuggi   69   69.001   ?   20   Public   Highway   JJ  cluster  
64   EWS  Jhuggi  basti   7   7.007   0.8   20   Self  Owned   H  T  W   JJ  cluster  
65   Sanjay  Gandhi  Colony  part-­‐I   7   7.023   0.90488   200   Self  Owned   H  T  W   JJ  cluster  
66   Sanjay  Gandhi  JJ  Cluster  Part-­‐II   7   7.024   2.223248   90   Self  Owned   H  T  W   JJ  cluster  
jhuggi  basti  near  Urban  state  near  singh  
13.002  
67   sabha  gurudwara   13   0.7   100   Self  Owned   railway  line   JJ  cluster  
68   Hari  Krishna  Colony   17   17.002   1.0   125   Self  Owned   Industry   JJ  cluster  
69   Plot  No-­‐241  jhuggi   17   17.004   0.094634   53   Self  Owned   Industry   JJ  cluster  
70   Upkar  Nagar  Jhuggi   30   30.001   0.194393   120   Self  Owned   bhudda  nala   JJ  cluster  
71   Bajwa  Colony  and  Jhuggi   31   31.001   19.9   22   Self  Owned   H  T  W   JJ  cluster  
72   Shanti  Nagar  Jhuggi   32   32.003   1.244355   66   Self  Owned   bhudda  nala   JJ  cluster  
73   Islam  Ganj  Jhuggi   43   43.001   0.4   50   Self  Owned   railway  line   JJ  cluster  
74   Yamuna  Colony   48   48.002   4.867501   250   Self  Owned   canal     JJ  cluster  
75   Labour  Colony   60   56.001   1.897393   160   Self  Owned   canal     JJ  cluster  
Chet  singh  Nagar  jhuggi  dana  mandi  
67.001  
76   Jhuggi   67   1.5   100   Self  Owned   railway  line   JJ  cluster  
77   Jhuggi  basti  near  sidhwan  canal   67   67.002   0.8   50   Self  Owned   canal     JJ  cluster  
 

135  
 
  

Phase  3:  Slums  to  be  targeted  under  Phase  3  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  
Name  
S.no.   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
Unserviced  
Guru  Naam  Nagar   26.002  
1   26   8.3   250   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Jwala  Singh  Nagar   26.004  
2   26   5.8   230   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Rajori  Garden   26.005  
3   26   12.862746   100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Sunil  Nagar/Surendra  park   26.006  
4   26   29.741101   500   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Swati  Nagar   26.007  
5   26   3.183754   200   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Bhagwati  Vihar   27.001  
6   27   10.4   130   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Jawan  Vihar   31.003  
7   31   9.3   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Nidan  Singh  Nagar   31.004  
8   31   11.194418   500   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Pritam  Nagar   31.005  
9   31   15.299286   400   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
New  Kartar  Nagar     45.001  
10   45   2.042422   25   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Fauzi  Mohalla   46.001  
11   46   7.3   50   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Dairy  complex  p-­‐2   55.003  
12   55   0.3   50   Public   No   area  
Unserviced  
Barewal  awana   58.001  
13   58   18.3   300   Self  Owned   No   area  

136  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

Name  
S.no.   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
Unserviced  
Fatahpur  awana   58.002  
14   58   23.9   100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Shyam  Nagar   59.005  
15   59   16.657291   40   Self  Owned   No   area  
16   Punjabi  Bagh   60   60.003   39.22254   400   Self  Owned   No   colony+Vehda  
Unserviced  
Guru  Gobind  Singh  Nagar   62.002  
17   62   11.8   230   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Ishwar  Nagar  D-­‐block   62.004  
18   62   4.4   50   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Shaheed  Sukhdev  Nagar   64.002  
19   64   7.695265   250   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Millitary  Camp   71.001  
20   71   0.877872   45   Cantonment   No   area  
Unserviced  
Adarsh  Nagar   73.001  
21   73   23.6   150   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Ajit  Nagar   73.002  
22   73   3.0   350   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Gagan  Nagar   73.003  
23   73   14.9   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Gill  Colony   73.004  
24   73   18.4   600   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Gurmail  Nagar   73.005  
25   73   34.3   700   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Guru  Nanak  Nagar   73.006  
26   73   11.1   800   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Guru  Vachan  Colony   73.007  
27   73   17.8   220   Self  Owned   No   area  
28   Gyan  Chandra  Nagar   73   73.008   10.3   400   Self  Owned   No   Unserviced  

137  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

Name  
S.no.   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
area  
Unserviced  
New  Ram  Nagar   73.01  
29   73   5.612837   90   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Pakhar  Colony   73.011  
30   73   12.040417   80   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Sundar  Nagar   73.013  
31   73   13.036925   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Harpal  Nagar   74.002  
32   74   6.8   80   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Jaspal  Nagar   74.003  
33   74   10.1   150   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Keshav  Nagar   74.004  
34   74   3.192202   150   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Kunti  Nagar   74.005  
35   74   2.37303   120   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Maha  laxmi  Nagar   74.006  
36   74   4.184425   260   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Mahadev  Nagar   74.007  
37   74   16.442195   640   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Mahendra  Nagar   74.008  
38   74   9.370899   300   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
New  Mahadev  Nagar   74.009  
39   74   4.524434   120   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Prem  Nagar   74.01  
40   74   20.399988   1100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Samrat  Colony   74.011  
41   74   65.814647   2450   Self  Owned   No   area  
42   Satguru  Nagar   74   74.012   27.868406   350   Self  Owned   No   Unserviced  

138  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

Name  
S.no.   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
area  
Unserviced  
Shiv  Mandir  Colony   74.013  
43   74   3.515848   100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Surjit  Nagar   74.014  
44   74   21.015743   1240   Self  Owned   No   area  
45   Kaka  Colony   75   75.006   6.5   300   Self  Owned   No   colony+Vehda  
Unserviced  
Kangalwal  Colony   75.007  
46   75   2.663366   250   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Logval  Colony   75.008  
47   75   9.322699   100   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Madhav  Nagar   75.009  
48   75   2.527408   200   Self  Owned   No   area  
Unserviced  
Makkar  Colony   75.01  
49   75   34.080231   800   Self  Owned   No   area  
50   Nalwa  Colony  Jhuggi  basti   6   6.004   0.505401   100   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
51   Sanjay  Gandhi  JJ  Cluster  Part-­‐III   7   7.025   3.117743   200   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
52   Kuliya  Bagh  Jhuggi   10   10.002   0.72109   38   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
53   Jiwan  Nagar  jhuggi   13   13.004   0.5   48   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
54   Haati  Colony   14   14.009   4.2   200   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
55   Jhuggi  Basti  near  Murgi  Farm   14   14.013   0.7   45   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
56   Jhuggi  Basti  near  vishwanath  mandir   14   14.014   0.6   32   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
57   prem  Nagar  Jhuggi   14   14.019   0.625229   40   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
58   Luvkush  Colony   15   15.001   1.906535   150   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
59   Jhuggi  Basti  near  B-­‐4  Zone  office   16   16.002   0.7   120   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
60   Jhuggi  Basti  near  valmiki  quarters   17   17.003   0.2   70   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
61   Suraj  Narsary  Jhuggi   24   24.003   0.246727   20   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
62   Amar  Vihar  jhuggi   26   26.001   2.8   120   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  

139  
 
  

Basti   Area   Land   Non  confirming  

Name  
S.no.   Ward  No   Code   (acres)   Households   Ownership   Land  use   Category  
63   Ambedkar  Nagar   47   47.001   23.5   2000   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
64   New  Shyam  Nagar  P-­‐1  and  2   59   59.004   0.807432   51   Private   No   JJ  cluster  
Jhuggi  Barota  road  near  guru  gobind  
62.003  
65   singh  nagar   62   0.2   22   Self  Owned   No   JJ  cluster  
   

140  
 
  

Annexure  4:  Clusters  to  be  resettled  

Slums  to  be  Resettled  
    Approx.  HHs           Non-­‐confirming  Land    
Basti   Land   Hazardous  
S  No.   Name  of  Basti   Ward   Area   to  be   Use  (as  per  master   Non-­‐tenable  use  zone  
Code   Ownership   Area  
resettled   Plan)  
Sanjay  Gandhi  
48   7.023   7   178  
Colony  part-­‐I   0.9   Public   Category  2   Yes   H  T  W  
Sanjay  Gandhi  JJ  
49   7.024   7   20  
Cluster  Part-­‐II   2.2   Public   Category  2   Yes   H  T  W  
Gopal  Nagar  part  
55   7.008   7   30  
1   13.8   Public   Category  2   No   H  T  W  
vishwakarma  
70   14.025   14   30  
colony   9.7   Public   Category  5   Yes   Railway  land  
71   14.016   new  durga  colony   14   3.5   30   Public   Category  5   Yes   Railway  land  
75   14.023   Shiv  colony   14   7.2   100   Public   Category  5   No   railways  line  
Indra  Nagar  
76   14.01   14  
Jhuggi   0.7   150   Public   Category  5   Yes   Railway  land  
Rajiv  Gandhi  
83   14.022   14   1250  
Colony  Jhuggi   11.0   Public   Category  5   No   Railway  land  
Rajiv  Gandhi  
84   14.021   14  
jhuggi  (k.w.  Road)   3.2   480   Public   Category  5   No   Railway  land  
86   14.024   Vishakha  Colony   14   0.7   40   Public   Category  5   No   Railway  land  
87   14.007   Garcha  colony   14   8.2   100   Public   Category  5   No   highway  and  Railway  land  
Chhoti  dhandari  
88   14.003   khurd  jhuggi  P-­‐1   14  
and  P-­‐2   3.0   180   Public   Category  5   No   highway  and  Railway  land  

141  
 
  

Chhoti  dhandari  
89   14.002   14  
Basti   4.3   50   Public   Category  5   No   highway  and  Railway  land  
Ishwar  Colony  -­‐  
91   14.011   14  
Vehda   0.6   900   Public   Category  5   No   Railway  land  
Hamvara  road  
jhuggi  (opp.  
128   28.001   28  
Ramdarbar  
mandir)   0.3   42   Public   category  4   Yes   bhudda  nala  
Upkar  Nagar  
129   30.001   30  
jhuggi   0.1   40   Public   category  4   No   bhudda  nala  
Guru  Hargobind  
136   31.002   31   70  
Nagar   18.5   Public   category  4   No   bhudda  nala  
137   32.002   Peeru  Banda   32   4.5   20   Public   category  5   No   highway  and  Railway  land  
Shanti  Nagar  
138   32.003   32  
Jhuggi   1.2   80   Private   category  4   No   bhudda  nala  
New  Valmiki  
139   32.001   36   45  
Nagar   2.1   Public   category  5   Yes   Railway  land  
Jasal  House  
140   36.001   36   45  
(Jagraon  Bridge)   0.3   Public   category  5   No   Railway  land  
145   46.002   Kabir  Basti  Jhuggi   46   0.3   25   Public   category  5   Yes   Railway  land  
148   52.002   valmiki  basti  P-­‐1   52   0.4   50   Public   category  5   No   Railway  land  
149   52.003   valmiki  basti  P-­‐2   52   0.2   100   Public   category  5   No   Railway  land  
Purani  Kachehri  
150   52.001   52  
Jhuggi   0.7   22   Public   category  5   Yes   Railway  land  
153   55.002   Dairy  complex  P-­‐1   55   2.1   70   Public   category  5   No   highway  and  Railway  land  
Valmiki  Jhuggi  
162   59.006   59   60  
Basti   8.2   Public   Category  5   No   Railway  land  

142  
 
  

Bhagat  Singh  
163   59.002   59   100  
Nagar  Jhuggi   0.5   Public   category  5   No   Railway  land  
mata  dudh  kurshi  
208   75.011   75   80  
colony   2.8   Public   Category  5   Yes   highway  and  Railway  land  
213   75.004   Dhandari  kalan   75   9.4   240   Public   category  5   No   Railway  land  
215   75.012   Ravi  das  veda   75   6.5   30   Public   category  5   Yes   highway  and  Railway  land  
Total  slums  to  be  resettled  =  31   4657      
Slums  to  be  Partly  Resettled  
    Approx.  HHs           Non-­‐confirming  Land    
Basti  
S  No.   Name  of  Basti   Ward   to  be   Land   Hazardous   Use  (as  per  master  
Code  
Area   resettled   Ownership   Area   Plan)   Non-­‐tenable  use  zone  
35       Vijay  Nagar   7   14.8   40   Private   category  4   Yes   bhudda  nala  
57   8001   Bihari  Colony   8   1.8   80   Public   Category  4   No   bhudda  nala  
 

143