CONTENTS

Page
1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Contents i
The Member Analysts Scheme 1
Terms and Conditions of Membership 5
Availability of Methods of Analysis 8
Reference Methods 9
Contractual Analysis Certificates and Seals 10
Accredited FOSFA Member Analyst - Model Analysis Certificate 13
Official Method
- Handling of Laboratory Samples 15

2 OILS AND FATS

Sampling Methods 17
Official Method
- Packaging and Storage of Oils and Fats Samples 18
Contractual Methods of Analysis
Full Analyst Members - Mandatory 19
Full Analyst Members - Optional 21
Associate Analyst Members – Mandatory and Optional 23
Acid Oils and/or Fatty Acid Distillates 24
FOSFA International/PORAM Standard Contractual Methods of Analysis
Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil Products in Bulk CIF 25
Palm Acid Oil/PFAD/Flaked Stearic Acid 26
Official Method
- Detection of Sea Water Contamination in Oils 27
- Determination of Soap in Acid Oils 29

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 3 OILSEEDS

Sampling Methods 33
Official Method
- Packaging and Storage of Oilseeds Samples 34
- Sampling of Edible Groundnuts for Aflatoxin Testing 35
Contractual Methods of Analysis
Full Analyst Members - Mandatory 37
Full Analyst Members - Optional 38
Associate Analyst Members - Mandatory 39
Official Method
- Determination of Count in Groundnut Kernels 40

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 THE MEMBER ANALYSTS SCHEME

1. FOSFA CONTRACTS - THE ANALYSTS CLAUSE

The Federation's contracts are governed by an Analysts Clause which states that "Reference in
the contract to analysts shall mean analysts who are members of FOSFA International. The use of
member analysts shall be mandatory except where the contract or national laws or regulations
require the use of Government or other analysts". Thus, FOSFA members in the international
trade have always relied upon a worldwide network of fully independent Member Analysts to
provide accurate and up-to-date contractual analysis certificates on traded parcels of oils and fats
and cargoes of oilseeds.

2. TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF MEMBERSHIP

Analyst members (Full Analyst Members or Associate Analyst Members) shall be laboratories or
analysts not associated with any company, firm or organisation engaged in the trade in Federation
commodities and restricted to laboratories or analysts recognised by the Federation for the
purposes of analyses carried out under the terms of the Federation's contracts.

The Technical Committee will decide into which category of analyst membership an applicant
laboratory shall be placed. Analysts cannot be recognised under any other category of
membership except superintendent membership and any analyst wishing to apply for accreditation
as a superintendent must do so on a separate basis.
Analyst members or their representatives shall have the right to attend Section Annual Meetings
and General Meetings of the Federation. Each analyst member has the right to one vote at such
meetings. They shall have the right to nominate as many representatives as they wish, but only
one shall be included in the basic subscription.

3. STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEME

The FOSFA Standard Contractual Methods of Analysis are for use by Analysts accredited by the
Federation when conducting contractual analysis on FOSFA contracts. The FOSFA Standard
Contractual Methods of Sampling are for use by Superintendents accredited by the Federation
when conducting contractual supervision on FOSFA contracts.

The FOSFA Technical Manual (Standard Contractual Methods of Analysis) is for use by Members
whenever a particular commodity is to be sampled or tested. The relevant section in the Manual
gives the appropriate FOSFA method to be used by an analyst who is accredited by the
Federation to undertake the required analysis. The category of Membership (Full Analyst
Members or Associate Analyst Members) and the declared analytical capabilities of Analyst
Members are published on the FOSFA Website. In both of the Federation's commodity sections,
each category of Member Analyst is accredited as being able to conduct particular standard
contractual methods of analysis. In each section, all contractual analysis tests have been
classified by the Technical Committee as either Mandatory or Optional.

Mandatory Tests are defined as those contractual analysis tests that all Member Analysts in a
particular category are required by the Federation to be able to conduct at any time as a condition
of their membership. The Federation reserves the right to require the accredited Member Analyst
to demonstrate competence in any or all of the tests.

Optional Tests are defined as those contractual analysis tests that a Full Analyst Member has
declared to the Federation that they are capable of conducting at any time as a condition of their
membership. The Federation reserves the right to require the accredited Member Analyst to
demonstrate competence in any or all of his declared tests. FOSFA Associated Analysts are not
authorised to conduct any of the optional contractual analysis tests, with the exception of
Determination of Lovibond colour and Determination of melting point in open capillary tubes (slip
point) (Oils and Fats Section).

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 The Member Analysts Scheme has two categories of members, namely

a. Full Analyst Member (L1)

b. Associate Analyst Member (L2)

Full Analyst Member (L1): This category of analyst is required to be able to perform ALL the
Mandatory Tests for oils and fats and oilseeds (as laid down in the FOSFA Technical Manual),
depending on their section accreditation. They may also seek to be recognised/accredited for all
or any of the Optional Tests for oils and fats and oilseeds (as laid down in the FOSFA Technical
Manual).

Associate Analyst Member (L2): This category of analyst is restricted in their accreditation to
perform only the appropriate mandatory FOSFA contractual analyses (with the exception of
Determination of Lovibond colour and Determination of melting point in open capillary tubes (slip
point) for Oils and Fats accredited laboratories). The authorised contractual analyses for each
section (oils and fats and oilseeds) are laid down in the FOSFA Technical Manual.

The up-to-date category of every Member Analyst can be checked either by visiting the FOSFA
Website (www.fosfa.org) or by consulting the staff at the Federation's offices.

4. APPLICATIONS FOR MEMBERSHIP OF THE SCHEME

Applicants may apply for membership in one or more of the commodity sections, namely, the
Oilseeds Section and the Oils and Fats Section. On admission to membership, the sections in
which they are recognised will be published on the FOSFA Website.

Applicants must be proposed by a trading member and seconded by either a trading member or a
full broker member of the Federation. Circumstances may arise, however, when an applicant is
seconded by a national trade association, liaison office or officer, government marketing authority
or kindred association. As and when this situation arises, the Federation will consider each
application on an individual basis.

Analyst members must agree to have an up-to-date and fully amended copy of the FOSFA
Technical Manual (Standard Contractual Methods of Analysis) in their reference library and
subscribe to its Amendment Service. They must agree to maintain, as a minimum requirement, all
the laboratory equipment required for the methods for which they are accredited and appropriate to
the two categories of Member Analysts in each section (Full Analyst and Associate Analyst
Members).

Analyst members must agree to participate in all performance and accreditation tests in the
Federation's annual programme for the commodities for which they are recognised, including an
initial demonstration of competence (at their own expense) prior to admission to membership.

5. SUBSCRIPTIONS

An annual subscription is payable and subscription rates are governed by the Council of the
Federation. The Council has approved an early payment subscription discount scheme in which
member analysts may participate. However, if the annual subscription payment has not reached
the Federation's bank account by 31 March each year, membership will be put under review and
may result in suspension, thereby removing the ability to issue FOSFA contractual analysis
certificates. As it is the Federation's wish to avoid such circumstances occurring, prompt payment
is advised.

Analyst members are also entitled to such discounts as the Council shall, from time to time,
determine on services provided by the Federation.

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 FULL ANALYST MEMBERS

Mandatory Contractual Analysis Methods: Oils, Fats, Technical Tallows and

Greases (except Acid Oils, Palm and Palm Kernel Oil Products traded on FOSFA Contract No 81)
The tests shown below are mandatory for all Full Analyst Members in the Oils and Fats Section.

TEST METHOD OF
DETERMINATION
NO ANALYSIS

1 Flashpoint limit test using Pensky-Martens closed cup flash tester ISO 15267:1998

2 Determination of acid value and acidity (free fatty acids) ISO 660:2020

3 Determination of insoluble impurities content ISO 663:2017

4 Determination of iodine value ISO 3961:2018

5 Determination of conventional mass per volume (litre weight in ISO 6883:2017

air) (Reference Method)

6 Determination of moisture and volatile matter content ISO 662:2016

7 Determination of peroxide value ─ Iodometric (visual) endpoint ISO 3960:2017

determination

8 Determination of ash ISO 6884:2008

9 Determination of carotene in vegetable oils ISO 17932:2011

10 Cold Test AOCS Cc 11-53 2017

11 Determination of sea water contamination in oils FOSFA Method:2010

12 Determination of sediment in crude fats and oils ─ Centrifuge ISO 15301:2001/

method (Reference method) Cor 1:2007

13 Determination of fatty acid composition: ISO 12966 series

i. Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids ISO 12966-2:2017 or

ISO 12966-3:2016

ii. Analysis by gas chromatography of methyl esters of fatty ISO 12966-4:2015

acids

14 Determination of phosphorus content ─ Part 1: Colorimetric ISO 10540-1:2003

method (Reference method)
15 Determination of refractive index ISO 6320:2017

16 Determination of saponification value ISO 3657:2020

17 Determination of alkalinity ISO 10539:2002

18 Determination of ultraviolet absorbance expressed as specific UV ISO 3656:2011/

extinction Amd 1:2017

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 19 Calculation of total fatty matter BS 684-2.4:1976

20 Determination of unsaponifiable matter ─ Method using diethyl ISO 3596:2000

ether extraction (Reference method)

21 Determination of water content ─ Entrainment method ISO 934:1980

22 Determination of water content ─ Karl Fischer method (pyridine ISO 8534:2017

free)

23 Determination of trace elements by inductively coupled plasma ISO 21033:2016

optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES): copper and iron
(Reference method)

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 FULL ANALYST MEMBERS
Optional Contractual Analysis Methods: Oils, Fats, Technical Tallows and
Greases (except Acid Oils, Palm and Palm Kernel Oil Products traded on FOSFA Contract No 81)
The tests shown below are optional for all Full Analyst Members in the Oils and Fats Section.

TEST METHOD OF
NO DETERMINATION ANALYSIS

24 Determination of melting point in open capillary tubes (slip point) ISO 6321:2002

25 Determination of copper. Colorimetric method BS 684-2.16:1976

26 Determination of iron. Colorimetric method BS 684-2.17:1976

27 Determination of Chlorophyll Pigments in Crude Vegetable Oils AOCS Cc 13k -13 2017

28 Determination of Lovibond colour (Reference Method) ISO 15305:1998

29 Determination of bleachability a. General Case BS 684-2.27:1987

30 Determination of bleachability b. Bleach Test for Palm Oil BS 684-2.27:1987

31 Determination of cadmium content by direct graphite furnace atomic ISO 15774:2017

absorption spectrometry
32 Determination of cloud point BS 684-1.5:1987/
Amd:1989
33 Color - FAC Standard Color AOCS Cc 13a-43 2017

34 Color - Wesson Method Using Color Glasses Calibrated in AOCS Cc 13b-45 2017
Accordance with the AOCS-Tintometer Color Scale
35 Color - Gardner 1963 (Glass Standards) AOCS Td 1a-64 2017

36 Determination of copper, iron and nickel contents ─ Graphite ISO 8294:1994

furnace atomic absorption method
37 Specification for technical tallows and animal greases BS 3919:1987/
Amd:1989
38 Determination of oxidized fatty acids BS 684-2.12:1984

39 Determination of oxidative stability (accelerated oxidation test) ISO 6886:2016

Rancimat or equivalent
40 Determination of phosphorus content ─ Part 2: Method using ISO 10540-2:2003
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
41 Determination of phosphorus content ─ Part 3: Method using ISO 10540-3:2002
inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectroscopy
42 Determination of content of polar compounds ISO 8420:2002/
Cor 1:2004

43 Phosphoric acid test ISO 150:2006

44 Determination of polyethylene-type polymers ISO 6656:2002

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 45 Refined and Bleached Color in tallow and greases intended for AOCS Cc 8d-55 2017
soap production
46 Determination of smoke point BS 684-1.8:1976

47 Determination of solid fat content by pulsed NMR ─ Part 1: Direct ISO 8292-1:2008
method
48 Determination of solid fat content by pulsed NMR ─ Part 2: Indirect ISO 8292-2:2008
method
49 Determination of individual and total sterols contents ─ Gas ISO 12228-1:2014
chromatographic method. Part 1 - Animal and vegetable fats and ISO 12228-2:2014
oils. Part 2 - Olive oils and olive pomace oils
50 Determination of titre ISO 935:1988

51 Determination of lead by direct graphite furnace atomic absorption ISO 12193:2004

spectroscopy
52 Determination of unsaponifiable matter ─ Method using hexane ISO 18609:2000
extraction (for Sheanut Oil only)
53 Determination of visible foots in crude fats and oils ISO 19219:2002

54 Determination of benzo[a]pyrene ─ Reverse-phase high ISO 15302:2017

performance liquid chromatography method
55 Determination of the deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) ISO 17932:2011

56 Determination of anisidine value ISO 6885:2016

57 Determination of the composition of fatty acids in the 2-position of ISO 6800:1997

the triglyceride molecules
58 Determination of residual technical hexane content ISO 9832:2002

59 Determination of mineral acidity BS 684-2.48:1998

60 Determination of water-insoluble solvents BS 684-1.9:1976

61 Detection and identification of a volatile organic contaminant by ISO 15303:2001

GC/MS
62 Determination of stigmastadienes in vegetable oils ─ Part 1: ISO 15788-1:1999
Method using capillary-column gas chromatography
63 Determination of Lovibond® colour ─ Automatic method ISO 27608:2010/
Amd 1:2016
64 Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by on-line ISO 22959:2009
donor-acceptor complex chromatography and HPLC with
fluorescence detection
65 Determination of conventional mass per volume (litre weight in air) ISO 18301:2014
─ Oscillating U-tube method
66 Determination of aliphatic hydrocarbons in vegetable oils ISO 17780:2015

67 Determination of fatty-acid-bound chloropropanediols (MCPDs) and ISO 18363-1: 2015

glycidol by GC/MS ISO 18363-2: 2018
ISO 18363-3: 2017

68 Determination of peroxide value — Potentiometric end-point ISO 27107:2008

determination

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 ASSOCIATE ANALYST MEMBERS

Mandatory Contractual Analysis Methods: Oils, Fats, Technical Tallows and

Greases (except Acid Oils, Palm and Palm Kernel Oil Products traded on FOSFA Contract No 81)
The tests shown below are mandatory for all Associate Analyst Members in the Oils and Fats Section.

TEST METHOD OF
DETERMINATION
NO ANALYSIS

1 Flashpoint limit test using Pensky-Martens closed cup flash tester ISO 15267:1998

2 Determination of acid value and acidity (free fatty acids) ISO 660:2020

3 Determination of insoluble impurities content ISO 663:2017

4 Determination of iodine value ISO 3961:2018

5 Determination of conventional mass per volume (litre weight in air) ISO 6883:2017
(Reference method)

6 Determination of moisture and volatile matter content ISO 662:2016

7 Determination of peroxide value ─ Iodometric (visual) endpoint ISO 3960:2017

determination

Optional Contractual Analysis Methods: Oils, Fats, Technical Tallows and

Greases (except Acid Oils, Palm and Palm Kernel Oil Products traded on FOSFA Contract No 81)
The test shown below is optional for all Associate Analyst Members in the Oils and Fats Section.

TEST METHOD OF
DETERMINATION
NO ANALYSIS

24 Determination of melting point in open capillary tubes (slip point) ISO 6321:2002

28 Determination of Lovibond colour (Reference method) ISO 15305:1998

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 ANALYSIS METHODS
ACID OILS and/or FATTY ACID DISTILLATES
TEST
DETERMINATION METHOD OF ANALYSIS
NO

1 Determination of ash ISO 6884:2008

2 Determination of insoluble impurities content ISO 663:2017

3 Determination of iodine value ISO 3961:2018

4 Determination of mineral acidity BS 684-2.48:1998

5 Determination of soap content FOSFA Method:2010

6 Determination of unsaponifiable matter ─ Method ISO 3596:2000

using diethyl ether extraction (Reference method)

7 Determination of water content ─ Entrainment ISO 934:1980

method
8 Determination of water content ─ Karl Fischer ISO 8534:2017
method (pyridine free)

9 Determination of acid value and acidity (free fatty ISO 660:2020

acids)

10 Determination of conventional mass per volume (litre ISO 6883:2017

weight in air) (Reference method)

11 Determination of conventional mass per volume (litre ISO 18301:2014

weight in air) ─ Oscillating U-tube method

12 Total saponifiable matter shall be equivalent to: Determined by the Standard

Contractual Methods as per this
List
100 – (W + I + U + S)

where:
W is water content
I is insoluble impurities
U is unsaponifiable matter
S is soap content

13 Total fatty matter shall be equivalent to: Determined by the Standard

Contractual Methods as per this
List
100 – (W + A + I)

where:
W is water content
A is ash
I is insoluble impurities

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 FOSFA INTERNATIONAL/PORAM STANDARD
CONTRACTUAL METHODS LIST

PALM OIL AND PALM KERNEL OIL PRODUCTS IN BULK CIF

FOR USE WITH FOSFA CONTRACT NO 81

DETERMINATION METHODS OF ANALYSIS

FFA % (as Palmitic for palm oil products and as ISO 660:2020
Lauric for palm kernel oil products) AOCS Ca 5a-40 2017 (Reference method)
MPOB Method p2.5:2004

Moisture and Volatile Matter ISO 662:2016 (Reference method)

(Palm Oil/Palm Stearin/Palm Olein) AOCS Ca 2c-25 2017
MPOB Method p2.1:2004

Moisture and Volatile Matter ISO 662:2016 (Reference method)

(Processed Palm Kernel Oil products) AOCS Ca 2c-25 2017
MPOB Method k1.4:2004

Iodine Value ISO 3961:2018 (Reference method)

AOCS Cd 1d-92 2017
MPOB Method p3.2:2004

Insoluble Impurities ISO 663:2017 (Reference method)

(Warm solvent may be used)
AOCS Ca 3a-46 2017
MPOB Method p2.2:2004

Colour ISO 15305:1998 (Reference method)

AOCS Cc 13e-92 2017
(Without the use of black sheath)
MPOB Method p4.1:2004

Melting Point (Slip Point) ISO 6321:2002

AOCS Cc 3-25 2017 (Reference method)
MPOB Method p4.2:2004

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 FOSFA INTERNATIONAL/PORAM STANDARD
CONTRACTUAL METHODS LIST

PALM ACID OIL/PFAD/FLAKED STEARIC ACID

DETERMINATION METHODS OF ANALYSIS

Free Fatty Acid (FFA) (as Palmitic) AOCS Te 1a-64 2017 (Reference method)
MPOB Method c2.7:2004

Saponification Value AOCS Cd 3-25 2017

MPOB Method c2.8:2004 (Reference method)

Moisture and Volatile Matter AOCS Ca 2b-38 2017

AOCS Ca 2c-25 2017
AOCS Tb 1a-64 2017 (Reference method)
MPOB Method c2.2:2004

Unsaponifiable Matter AOCS Ca 6a-40 2017

AOCS Tk 1a-64 2017 (Reference method)
MPOB Method c2.9:2004

Total Fatty Matter 100 - (M + I) *

Saponifiable Matter 100 - (M + I + U) *

Soap FOSFA Method:2010

Impurities AOCS Ca 3a-46 2017

ISO 663:2017 (Reference method)
MPOB Method p2.2:2004

*Where:

M is Moisture as per AOCS Ca 2b-38 2017

I is Impurities as per ISO 663:2017/MPOB Method p2.2:2004

U is Unsaponifiable Matter as per AOCS Ca 6a-40 2017

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 FULL ANALYST MEMBERS

Mandatory Contractual Analysis Methods: Oleaginous Seeds

The tests shown below are mandatory for all Full Analyst Members in the Oilseeds Section.

TEST METHOD OF
DETERMINATION
NO ANALYSIS

1 Determination of oil content (Reference method) ISO 659:2009

NOTE: The use of automated equipment based on the Randall
technique, such as the Soxtec™ 2050 or the VELP Scientifica
SER 148/6, may be used for the solvent extraction phases, but the
three grindings and three extractions are still required.

2 Determination of free fatty acids on the oil:

i. Extraction of the oil ISO 659:2009

ii. Determination of acid value and acidity (free fatty acids) ISO 660:2020

3 Determination of content of impurities ISO 658:2002

4 Determination of moisture and volatile matter content (Reference ISO 665:2020

method)

5 Determination of total ash ISO 749:1977

6 Determination of fatty acid composition on the oil:

i. Extraction of the oil ISO 659:2009

ii. Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids ISO 12966-2:2017 or

ISO 12966-3:2016

iii. Analysis by gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl ISO 12966-4:2015

esters

7 Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein ISO 5983-1:2005/

content ─ Part 1: Kjeldahl method (Reference method) Cor 1:2008

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 FULL ANALYST MEMBERS

Optional Contractual Analysis Methods: Oleaginous Seeds

The tests shown below are optional for all Full Analyst Members in the Oilseeds Section.

TEST METHOD OF
DETERMINATION
NO ANALYSIS

8 Crude Fiber in Oilseed By-Products AOCS Ba 6-84 2017

9 Determination of aflatoxin B1 and the sum of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 EN 14123:2007

and G2 in hazelnuts, peanuts, pistachios, figs, and paprika powder ─
High performance liquid chromatographic method with post-column
derivatisation and immunoaffinity column cleanup
NOTE: The R-Biopharm AG Kobra® Cell or the Romer®
Derivatization Unit may be used in this determination.

10 i Determination of damaged kernels in soyabeans USDA FGIS Grain

Inspection Handbook
2020 Book 2/10.20

ii Determination of heat-damaged kernels in soyabeans USDA FGIS Grain

Inspection Handbook
2020 Book 2/10.21

11 Rapeseed ─ Determination of glucosinolates content ─ Part 1: ISO 9167:2019

Method using high-performance liquid chromatography

12 Simultaneous determination of oil and water contents ─ Method ISO 10565:1998

using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry

13 Rapeseed ─ Determination of chlorophyll content ─ Spectrometric ISO 10519:2015

method

14 Food products ─ Determination of the total nitrogen content by ISO 16634-1:2008

combustion according to the Dumas principle and calculation of the
crude protein content ─ Part 1: Oilseeds and animal feeding stuffs

15 Determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein ISO 5983-2: 2009
content ─ Part 2: Block digestion/steam distillation method

16 Determination of count in groundnut kernels FOSFA Method:2014

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 ASSOCIATE ANALYST MEMBERS

Mandatory Contractual Analysis Methods: Oleaginous Seeds

The tests shown below are mandatory for all Associate Analyst Members in the Oilseeds Section.

TEST METHOD OF
DETERMINATION
NO ANALYSIS

1 Determination of oil content (Reference method) ISO 659:2009

NOTE: The use of automated equipment based on the Randall technique,
such as the Soxtec™ 2050 or the VELP Scientifica SER 148/6, may be
used for the solvent extraction phases, but the three grindings and three
extractions are still required.

2 Determination of free fatty acids on the oil:

i. Extraction of the oil ISO 659:2009

ii. Determination of acid value and acidity (free fatty acids) ISO 660:2020

3 Determination of content of impurities ISO 658:2002

4 Determination of moisture and volatile matter content (Reference method) ISO 665:2020

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 FOSFA INTERNATIONAL OFFICIAL METHOD
DETERMINATION OF COUNT IN GROUNDNUT KERNELS

1 Scope
The method described is applicable to all groundnuts but is usually used for Hand Picked & Selected
groundnuts.

2 Principle
The groundnut kernels are categorised into whole kernels, half kernels (brissures) and broken and
damaged kernels and expressed as groundnut kernels to one ounce avoirdupois.

3 Procedure
3.1 Draw a portion of 500 g of the sample and record the weight to the nearest gram.

3.2 Separate into whole kernels, half kernels and broken and damaged kernels and damaged half
kernels.

3.3 Record the weight of each portion to nearest gram.

3.4 Count the whole kernels and record the result.

3.5 Count the half kernels and record the result.

3.6 Perform in duplicate test.

4 Calculation and expression of results

Groundnuts kernels, to one ounce avoirdupois = (N + n/2) x 28.35
W+w

Also count to 100 g = (N + n/2) x 100

W+w

Where:
N is the number of whole kernels;
n is the number of half kernels;
W is the mass, in grams, of the whole kernels;
w is the mass, in grams, of the half kernels.

Calculate the mean of the duplicates and quote the count to the nearest whole number.

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