DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT

MEI / 2020

CDCT2203

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT

MATRICULATION NO : 880511235142001
IDENTITY CARD NO. : 880511235142
TELEPHONE NO. : 0177493716
E-MAIL : sobanahc@gmail.com
LEARNING CENTRE : OUM BATU PAHAT
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Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 The importance of IT in transportation field 2-3
3.0 How can IT change the Malaysia transportation system? 3-5
4.0 Three examples of IT usages in Malaysia transportation field 6 - 12
5.0 Summary 12
6.0 References 13

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1.0 Introduction
Information technology refers to a set of hardware and software and thought that
software provides work flow and productivity of information. Moreover, technology is
used to address company or corporate challenges on a large scale. Since we live in the
"online world," digital technology has been a feature of our daily lives, and has a
tremendous effect on our culture. Information Technology and its environments are
playing a huge role in our life such as globalization and communication. Due to
globalization, we can not only share information quickly and efficiently, but we can also
bring down barriers of language and geographic boundaries and countries are able to
shares ideas and information with each other. In term of communication, the technology
nowadays grows dramatically compared with many years ago and it is become cheaper,
quicker and much efficient.
Transportation is a driving force behind development and the wellbeing of all people
around the world. Transport contributes to the economic, technological, social and
cultural growth of every nation. Inadequate transport services are slowing the socio-
economic growth of the region. Nevertheless, for a long time now, all sorts of
information management programs have been established with road protection as their
primary objective. These programs are mainly designed to assist drivers in driving
activities, in order to mitigate dangerous physical dimensions of mistakes. Information
Technology helps track threats and provides vehicles with alert and traffic management
systems in real time to navigate natural hazards on the highways. Such alerts include on-
site traffic control controls, road barriers, in-vehicle audio detectors for police cars and
updates to highway maintenance agencies. Information Technology also offers sensing
and communicating systems which improve the effectiveness of protective devices such
as seat belt sand air bags, thereby contributing to the reduction of crash consequences.
Information Technology is based on intelligent systems placed both along the roadside
and in the vehicle. Infrastructure-based protection systems consist mainly of roadside
sensors that gather information and roadside machinery that provide alarms and alarms.
By means of communication between these systems and road users, various road safety
problems can bead dressed easily. Information Technology can fundamentally transform

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traffic networks, in particular the degree to which they can alter the function and
behaviour of drivers; it may also help to reduce the significant human and economic costs
incurred by road injuries.

2.0 The importance of IT in transportation field

Information technology (IT) has changed multiple sectors, from schooling and health
care and infrastructure, and is now in the early stages of the development of transport
systems. IT allows transport-based devices such as cars, highways, traffic lights, signals
to become intelligent by embedding them with microchips and sensors and motivating
them to connect with each other through wireless technologies. IT promotes meaningful
collaboration that is essential to sustaining value-enhancing partnerships. Information
Technology (IT) contribute lots of importance in the transportation field. For example;
 Reduced rush hour congestion and delay.
 Increased safety and personal security
 Time savings and operation efficiencies
 Improved customer service and reduced frustration
 Reduced road accidents and fatalities
 Enhanced economic productivity

3.0 How can IT change the Malaysia transportation system?

Malaysia is served by an excellent transport system. In Malaysia, there is always
transport available to people to even remote areas. Road travel on the peninsula of
Malaysia is common as it has a well-developed road network. There are various options
available as to how people might wish to get to a destination. In Sabah and Sarawak, it is
advised to fly by four-wheel drive as if on unpaved highways, and other mountainous
places can only be accessed by air or river-boats. Increased urbanization and growing
economic development put increasing strains on transport networks, contributing to
severe traffic congestion problems on roads and highways in Malaysia. As the ongoing

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extension of current transport networks is socially unacceptable and unsustainable,

transport authorities in Malaysia are searching for a transport network focused on
information technology (IT) to be better managed and maximizing the operating
efficiency of current transport networks. The transportation system in Malaysia can be
changed if the Information Technology is implemented effectively as reported by IR.
MD. Amir Bin Kasim (2006) in an article entitled Overview of ITS Development in
Malaysia. Some of the information Technology that can change the Malaysia’s
transportation system are;
3.1 ‘511’ phone and Web service
This is the tourist information roadmap and guidance systems, whereby tourist, or
would-be-tourists could browse through them before deciding where, when and how
to go, where to eat, where to stay, etc. By dialling ‘511’ on the phone, wireless
providers will give instant access to wide array of transportation information. The
state-of-the-art speech recognition technology helps users to work through the 511
networks without clicking a click. This service would be ideal for the state of Penang
and some historical places where used to be crowded by tourists in Malaysia. This
Information Technology would greatly attract large number of tourists.

3.2 Advanced public transport management system

Primarily, this system can proceed with the creation of a centralized tracking schedule
and control framework for all types of travel, including existing path information and
schedules made open to travellers on the Internet, bus hubs, transfers, checkpoints
and communication checkpoints. It could have minimal and limited interaction. The
program could be incorporated with the traffic control network to improve the
capacity to comply with the timetable in real time and incorporated with the online
payment process to make reservations and buy tickets. Route, time and mode
recommendations could then be made to the travellers in Malaysia.

3.3 Information warehouse on land transportation.

In Malaysia, there is no provision of a popular central land transport database,
through which the judiciary, law enforcement officials, administrators and interested

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private companies may have access to it. If this information technology is

implemented in Malaysia’s transportation field, the information warehouse would be
an ideal centre to collect and manage these vital data, which could be disseminated to
authorized bodies for efficient and effective enforcement of traffic violators and other
administrative purposes. (Mason et al, 2003)

3.4 Safety enhancement to vehicles.

It involved the installation of the required sensors along the roads in Malaysia to
interact with the safety features mounted in vehicle. Drivers will be provided with
warning on potential collisions and blind spot. These vehicles could be improved to
cater for temporary partial control in collision avoidance situation and lane holding
warning. The necessary IT infrastructure has to be made available before vehicles
could be incorporated with devices for navigation guidance and safety enhancement.

3.5 Commercial vehicle information system network.

Routine enforcement along the roadway can be carried out by this technology in
Malaysia using devices installed on gantries, high masts and bridges at strategic
locations. Any traffic violations could be captured, summoned and bought to the
judiciary. An information warehouse and the related facilities will be provided by a
specified organisation. Active compliance, including specific law authorities or by
cooperative activities, may also be carried out on an online system on an ongoing
basis.

3.6 Electronic payment services interoperability.

Currently in Malaysia, electronic payment services have been confined to electronic
toll collection and some forms of common ticketing systems, and also for parking
collection systems. By implementing electronic payment services interoperability, all
smarts cards used for electronic toll collection will be interoperable using the agreed
communications media. All existing card readers will have to be adapted to comply to
the requirements. This service will be extended to include electronic fare collection

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and electronic payments. By the end of the day, an automated online payment
process would accommodate all forms of services.

4.0 Three examples of IT usages in Malaysia transportation field

4.1 Grab Application
Grab, previously known as Grab Taxi, is one of the biggest start-up company in
Southeast Asia. Grab was established by Anthony Tan and Tan Hooi Ling in Malaysia in
2012. Recognized as MyTeksi in Malaysia, Grab is now accessible in 30 cities
throughout South East Asia. Anthony Tan and Tan Hooi Ling, graduates of Harvard
Business School, came up with the concept for the 2011 Harvard Business Plan
Competition council. Anthony Tan acknowledged that Grab had begun because the taxi
network in Malaysia was a problem and wanted to do something about it (Yogi, 2015).
Like the brand GrabTaxi, Grab has made the taxi hailing application accessible on the
sector. The launch of the Grab application to taxi drivers was originally challenged. Most
drivers were not really tech-savvy, so they weren't able to pursue this latest idea. Tan had
to move from driver to driver at the location where they were hanged – at hotels,
shopping centres and gas stations. However, as the application gained further attention,
drivers came to Grab and sign up for the service (Yogi, 2015).
Grab offers a wide range of services. Starting with GrabTaxi, Grab Car,
GrabBike, GrabHitch, GrabExpress and GrabFood are also available. GrabCar is the
budget and premium options. It is firstly introduced in July 2014. GrabBike is a
motorcycle service that is common in Indonesia, Vietnam and Thailand to escape traffic
jams. It is introduced in November 2014. In the meantime, GrabHitch is a service where
riders heading in the same direction as the drivers will take a lift that was launched in
November 2015. GrabExpress is on-demand pick-up and distribution services which was
released in July 2015. To date, Grab has over 320,000 drivers throughout its network.
The application itself has over 17 million mobile installs.
As other applications of this kind, operating with Grab is quite easy for the user
and can be resumed with a few taps on the people's phone screen. Inputting a pick-up
and drop-off addresses by typing in address fields or using a map. When the app finds the
nearest driver, the people need to confirm the order and starting from this moment they

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can track the driver's location and see the approximate time of his arrival to the pick-up
location.

Advantages of Grab app:

 This guarantees the protection and cost issues associated with it.
 Support for getting a fare forecast in advance of time
 Offers a wide range of services GrabCar, GrabTaxi and JustGrab.
 Anyone can conveniently order a ride because can book a GrabCar from the
comforts of indoors in just a few simple taps of mobile devices.

The software, hardware, device or connectivity required

Grab application required a good internet connection and any software associated with
the application which is supplied made available for download and installation by Grab
such as iOS and Android.  Google Android, Apple iOS smartphone or tablet or
BlackBerry (Q10, Z10 and above) are compatible or required for Grab application.

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4.2 Touch N Go system

The Touch and Go card are the most popular leading prepaid electronic cash card in
Malaysia. Touch 'n Go is an electronic wallet that can be used on all highways in
Malaysia, big public transit in the Klang Valley, designated parking spaces and theme
park. Touch 'n Go is now the primary provider of the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)
for all highways in the Peninsular of Malaysia.
In turn, Touch 'n Go has diversified into shopping facilities, amusement parks and
chosen supermarket outlets. In view of this extension and knowing the customer's desires
for fast reloading of their card, reloading can be done at TNG centers, Customer Support
Center on major highways, ATM & CDM outlets, picked petrol stations, 'Kaunter
Khidmat Pelanggan Touch'n Go' at picked PETRONAS stations, and Automated Reload
Kiosks at LRT stations.
In most situations, it is not necessary to sign a receipt, register a personal
identification number (PIN) or give the card to the cashier. This speeds up the process for
both the customer and the company. Contactless cards are often fitted with a magnetic
strip such that they can also be found in traditional swipe machines. The contact less
smart card technology sectors include government and business Identification cards, bus
fare payment cards, passports and visas, and financial payment cards. Leading financial
and transportation companies have implemented contact less payment technologies to
provide consumers with improved flexibility and efficiency while making transactions.
Cards no longer have to exit the hands of customers; they are easily placed in front of a
machine to complete the purchase. Consumers will not have to care about the change, the
cash or the swiping of their card.
The contactless card has a higher degree of authentication and safety than the
conventional one. Contactless payment cards use technology that gives more protection
to the cardholder by rendering it nearly difficult to skim card information. Cards use
microprocessor chips that decode the details and use the chip's Processors to verify and
authenticate messages that are all encrypted. Each account is anonymous and digitally
signed, avoiding replication and misuse of records. Currently Touch ‘n Go having 6
million cardholders and growing rapidly. Possessing network of more than 6,600 points

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comprising more than 123 Merchants & Partners and the system processing more than 3
million transactions daily

Advantages of Touch N Go system

 Users can continue to use a card as long as it is pre-loaded with electronic cash.
 User can reload the card at many different outlets.
 Enhances the speed of payment for low interest, high-frequency transactions.
 Quite nice because the customer no longer has to prepare for a small change or
wait in the line at the cash lane to conclude the purchase.
 The contactless card provides a higher degree of authentication and protection.
 The only card in the country that can be authorized at shopping stores, parking
areas, buses, trains and toll roads.

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 Reduced effort and risk of handling cash.

 Detects a car as fast as 40 milliseconds.
 Non-hazardous and eco-friendly – it’s good for users and good for the planet too.

The software, hardware, device or connectivity required

Touch ‘n Go uses contactless smartcard technology. Contactless cards such as My Kad
and Touch N Go card itself are used in Touch N Go system as a device. The cards used
high radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to transmit card information to the
reader. The card looks similar to a credit card. Users can reload the card at toll stations,
train stations, ATMs, Cash Deposit Machines, petrol pumps and at approved third-party
outlets. Reload denomination is ranging from RM20 to RM500.

4.3 Moovit App (Application)

Transportation is an integral part of urban living. Whether people are commuting by car,
subway / underground / tube, bus, light rail, boat or tram, use motorcycles, sharing a trip
like Uber, having the latest details on urban transportation is important. Moovit guides
people from point A to B in the easiest and most efficient way. Get the time of train and
bus, maps, and live arrival times with ease, so people can schedule their journey with
trust. Citizens will get step-by step instructions for optimum bus, rail, tram, bike or a
combination of them. Moovit has been called one of the best applications for the year
2017 by the App Store.
In 2012, Moovit application have been released for iOS, Android and Internet
browsers to help citizens travel around town quickly and easily using every form of
transport. Over the years, they have developed to represent more than 800 M riders in
3,200 cities across 103 countries in 45 languages. It lets users transform the way they
experience transportation by completely incorporating all types of travel, including all
modes of public transit, local cycling systems, ride-hailing (Uber / Lyft), scooters, car
sharing, carpooling, and more through the Moovit app.
The Moovit app integrates details from public transit operators and officials with
live input from the user group to show passengers a real-time view, including the best
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route to travel. The Moovit app was named "Best Local App" by Google in 2016, finalist
in the "Create for Billions" category in 2018, and one of Apple 's Best Developers in
2017.
Moovit helps people to find the best way to get to Malaysia or to any other
registered countries from other places with step-by-step directions from the nearest public
transit station. Moovit offers free maps and live directions to help people navigate their
area. Moovit display timetables, directions, timetables, and find out how long it takes to
get to Malaysia in real time.

Advantages of Moovit app.

 Combines all the travel choices and offers people the fastest path to live arrivals.
 Live Directions. Get step-by-step directions with live guidance as people travel:
know exactly how long they need to walk to their station, how long they’re
waiting, view the arrival time of their line and how many stops are left.
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 Real time arrivals. Display real-time arrival alerts that are obtained directly from
GPS systems on busses and trains.
 Real time alerts. Know problems ahead of time by getting service warnings such
as emergency or unwanted disturbances, shortages, traffic congestion, new
building, and more.

The software, hardware, device or connectivity required

Moovit required a good internet connection and any software associated with the
application which is supplied made available for download and installation by Moovit
such as iOS and Android and also Web App.  

5.0 Summary
The applications or systems of electronic and information technology is required to
increase the quality of public transport and public security. Advanced information
Technology (IT) that leads the transport optimization at all levels, both for commercial
and passenger transport is should be implemented in all type of travel businesses as
implemented by GrabCar, Touch N Go and Moovit. Information Technology (IT)
transport systems are tools to allow transport mobility, safety and productivity to be
improved, and involve many aspects for this purpose. Information Technology systems
are also planned for the purposes of public protection, growing travel convenience and
optimizing traffic control.

(2934 Words)

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6.0 References

KASIM, I. M. A. B. (2006, August). Overview of ITS development in Malaysia.

In International Seminar on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in Road Network
Operations, 2006, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Yogi, E. (2015). THE PROCEDURES USED IN TRANSLATING COMPUTER AND

INTERNET TERMS IN TECHNOLOGY NEWS AT TECHINASIA. COM INTO ITS
INDONESIAN VERSION ID. TECHINASIA. COM (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas
Andalas).

Mason, S.J., Ribera, P.M., Farris, J.A. and Kirk, R.G., Integrating the Warehousing and
Transportation Functions of the Supply Chain, Transportation Research Part E, Vol. 39,
pp. 141-59, 2003.

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