UNIVERSITY OF CALOOCAN CITY

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

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CHAPTER I

THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS PEOPLE

1.1. GEOGRAPHY

The Philippines is an archipelago lying southeast of the coast of the main island
of Asia.

 Located a little above the equator.

 Has approximately 7,107 islands and islets.
 A nation with a total land area of 300,000 square km.

BIGGEST ISLANDS IN THE PHILIPPINES

 Luzon  Panay
 Mindanao  Mindoro
 Negros  Leyte
 Samar  Cebu
 Palawan  Bohol
 Masbate

MOUNTAIN SYSTEMS

 Mt. Apo in Mindanao – highest mountain standing in the Philippines

 Mt. Pulag on the Ifugao, Benguet boundary in Luzon – thesecond highest peak

Other noted peaks are:

o Mt. Banahaw in Laguna-Quezon

o Mt. Halcon in Mindoro Oriental
o Mt. Kanlaon in Negros Occidental
o Mt. Bulusan in Sorsogon
o Mt. Matutum in Cotabato
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY
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RIVER SYSTEMS
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY
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o Sugar
o Abaca

 Lumber, minerals and metals have been exported in large quantities

 Mining is a basic industry, produces more than 700 million pesos worth of
minerals

 Energy and enough water source is used to supply electricity and fuel to run
factories, light homes, and offices and to move cars, trucks, and boats

1.3. POPULATION

DATE POPULATION

2000 77,991,569

2005 86,274,237

2010 93,726,624

2015 101,716,359

2018 106,512,074

2019 108,106,310

SOCIAL CLASSES

 The Rich

- the members of the rich class represent about 10% of the population.
They own or earn about 90% of the wealth of the country. They are the
wealthy industrialists, with big corporations, the owners of large haciendas
or plantations.
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY
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 The Middle class

- about 20% of the population, they are the professionals (doctors, lawyers,
teachers, accountants and etc.), skilled or semi-skilled workers in offices,
factories or farms. They are the backbone of the nation.

 The Lower Income Groups or Poor Masses

- comprises about 70% of the population, but they only earn or share 10%
of the wealth. Members of this class earn only enough income to provide
for their basic needs- foods, rented homes, and simple clothes. Often they
cannot earn enough to be able to save for emergencies or for future
needs.

1.4. GOVERNMENT

THREE BRANCHES OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT

 Legislative
- Legislative or law-making power is the power to make laws that are legal
and binding.
- The Congress is the legislative body. It is composed of two houses- the
Senate or upper House and the House of Representative or the lower
House
 Judiciary
- The judicial power is the power to interpret the laws of the land in cases
of disputes.
- It is vested in the Supreme Court and the lower courts.
 Executive
- The President is the Chief Executive of the land. The President as “The
Chief Executive” is the most powerful person in the country.
- The Vice-President is not as powerful as the President is. The Vice-
President’s main job is to become President in case the President dies,
become incapacitated, or is removed from power.

CONSTITUTIONS:

 Malolos Constitution
 1943 Constitution
 1946 Constitution
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COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY
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 1973 Constitution
 1987 Constitution

1.5. FILIPINO TRAITS AND VALUES

TRAITS

• Loyalty • Naturally curious

• Hospitality • Jealousy
• Respect for the elders • Fatalistic
• Sentimentalism • Sensitive

VALUES

• Regionalistic
• Sense of “pakikisama”
• Close Family Values