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Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
Index
1. INTRODUCTION 1
3. SOURCES OF INFORMATION 3
6. FINAL REMARKS 18
7. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 20
8. REFERENCES 20
APPENDIX I 21
APPENDIX II 21
Maps of Solar Radiation and Potential in Vietnam 1
1. Introduction
According to the updated version of the Fig. 1 Climatic zones in Vietnam according to
Köppen-Geiger Climatic chart.
Köppen-Geiger climatic classification
(Peel et al., 2007) Vietnam has three
climatic zones (Fig. 1): equatorial
monsoon (Am), equatorial savannah 3.1 Ground
with dry winter (Aw) and subtropical measurements
with dry winter (Cwa).
Fig. 2 Radiometric ground stations (on the left) and sunshine duration stations (on the right) in Vietnam.
Maps of Solar Radiation and Potential in Vietnam 5
According to this analysis three main derived data, HSat, and sunshine
zones of different behavior of solar duration derived data, HSun. According
radiation can be established in Vietnam to the regionalization evidenced by the
(Fig. 4); the first region (green) covering cluster analysis (Polo et al., 2015), three
basically the south of the country (and different regions denoted as Orange
some part of the Northwest), the (O), Blue (B) and Green (G) , in terms of
second region (blue) covers mainly the solar radiation variability, have been
North Central Coast, and finally the established in Vietnam and thus a
third region (orange) is placed in the different expression has been fitted for
Red River Delta, Northeast and partially each region,
on the south central coast.
Eq. (1)
-2 -1
Fig. 5 Map of annual average of daily global horizontal irradiation (kWh m day ) in Vietnam.
10 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
-2 -1
Fig. 6 Map of annual average of daily direct normal irradiation (kWh m day ) in Vietnam.
Maps of Solar Radiation and Potential in Vietnam 11
5. Solar potential
maps of Vietnam 5.1 Plant performance
modelling
vary from around 800 to 1900 kWh m-2 Collector Width (m) 5.75
Collector Length (m) 150
year-1 and intervals of 100 kWh m-2
Absorber Inner Diameter 0.066
year-1 have been used for selecting the (m)
Storage
Capacity (h) 6
Eq. (2)
Storage Fluid Molten Salts
Hot Tank Temperature 386
(ºC)
Cold Tank Temperature 292
Where PCSP denotes the annual energy (ºC)
In the case of grid-connected PV the Table 2 Technical data of the Flat plate photovoltaic
reference plant selected is a flat plate power plant selected as reference for PV systems.
The solar potential for Vietnam has The technical potential for each
been estimated and mapped from technology has been estimated from
several hypothesis and scenarios the theoretical potential by
concerning the solar resource incorporating restrictions to the land
availability and the solar technology availability according to the
systems to be taken into account. Solar methodologies reported in the
resource availability has been obtained literature. The main restrictions are
from the solar resource mapping for focused on the slope of the land, since
Vietnam estimated from satellite slopes greater than 3% makes
imagery, ground measurements and economically unfeasible the
reanalysis of several atmospheric and deployment of a solar power plant and
meteorological variables. The scenarios on water bodies and roads mainly. An
considered for determining the solar additional restriction of DNI greater to
potential has included two main 1500 kWh m-2 year-1 has been also
technologies: a Parabolic Trough of 50 imposed to CSP. The result of all the
MWe with 6 hours of thermal storage land restrictions in a geographic
as CSP reference plant, and a Flat Plate information system has determined the
grid-connected PV plant of around 1 available areas for solar power plants
MWe. deployment according to each
technology. The areas available for CSP
Simulations of the net energy produced
systems are limited to Central
for each reference plants have been
Highlands and Southeast regions of
performed in order to cover the wide
Vietnam. In the case of PV, the
range of variability of both solar
available areas are limited to
resources (GHI and DNI) and latitude.
Southeast, Central Highlands, Mekong
The results of such simulations have
River Delta, all the coastal areas and
allowed the development of simple
Northeast regions of Vietnam.
expressions for estimating the energy
produced by the plant as a function of
the annual solar irradiance (GHI for PV
and DNI for CSP) and of the latitude of
the site. These simple expressions have
been used to estimate the theoretical
solar potential according to each solar
technology considered. The theoretical
potential according to the technology
selected and the solar resource
estimated across the country is placed
in the range of 60-100 GWh year-1 for
CSP systems, and 0.8-1.2 GWh year-1 in
the case of PV systems.
20 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
Part II: validation with high-quality measurements. Monahan, A. H., Fyfe, J. C., Ambaum, M. H. P.,
Solar Energy. 74, 381-395. Stephenson, D. B. and North, G. R., 2009. Empirical
Orthogonal Functions: The Medium is the Message.
J. Climate. 22, 6501-6514.
Gueymard, C. A., 2008. REST2: High-performance
solar radiation model for cloudless-sky irradiance,
illuminance, and photosynthetically active radiation - Nguyen, K. Q., 2007. Alternatives to grid extension
Validation with a benchmark dataset. Solar Energy. for rural electrification: Decentralized renewable
82, 272-285. energy technologies in Vietnam. Energy Policy. 35,
2579-2589.
Sun, Y. w., Hof, A., Wang, R., Liu, J., Lin, Y. j. and
Yang, D. w., 2013. GIS-based approach for potential
analysis of solar PV generation at the regional scale:
A case study of Fujian Province. Energy Policy. 58,
248-259.
Appendix I
Maps of monthly means of daily solar irradiation
Global Horizontal Irradiation
24 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
Maps of Solar Radiation and Potential in Vietnam 25
26 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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28 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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30 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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32 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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34 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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36 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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Appendix II
Maps of monthly means of daily solar irradiation
Direct Normal Irradiation
38 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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40 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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42 Maps of Solar Resource and Potential in Vietnam
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