POST GRADUATE COLLEGE

Mechatronics
Mechatronics

MME205: Advanced Microprocessor and

Microcontroller
Lecture #1: Introduction

Prepared by:
Dr. Ahmed Hassan M. Hassan
Associate Professor
dr.ahmed@mashreq.edu.sd

Lecture #1: Introduction

www.mashreq.edu.sd
 Introduction
a) Microprocessor

 A microprocessor is a programmable electronics chip that has

computing and decision making capabilities similar to central
processing unit of a computer.
 Any microprocessor-based systems having limited number of resources
are called microcomputers.
 Nowadays, microprocessor can be seen in almost all types of electronics
devices like mobile phones, printers, washing machines etc.
 Microprocessors are also used in advanced applications like radars,
satellites and flights.

Lecture #1: Introduction

 Due to the rapid advancements in electronic industry and large
scale integration of devices results in a significant cost reduction
and increase application of microprocessors and their derivatives.

 A microprocessor is a computer processor which incorporates the

functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a
single integrated circuit (IC),or at most a few integrated circuits.

 Microprocessor might only include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and a

control logic section. The ALU performs operations such as addition,
subtraction, and operations such as AND or OR.

Lecture #1: Introduction

 Basic components of microprocessor

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 Internal structure of a microprocessor

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Example for microprocessor:

Intel Pentium, Pentium-I, Pentium-II…,i3, i5,

i7, 8085 & 8086

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b) Microcontroller

• A microcontroller (or MCU, short for microcontroller

unit) is a small computer (SoC) on a single integrated
circuit containing a processor core, memory, and
programmable input/output peripherals.

• Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled

products and devices

Lecture #1: Introduction

 block diagram of a microcontroller

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 Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
Microprocessor Microcontroller
CPU is stand alone, RAM,ROM, I/O CPU, RAM,ROM, I/O & timer all are on
& timer are separate. single chip.
Designer can decide amount of Fixed amount of on-chip RAM,ROM, &
RAM,ROM, & I/O ports. I/O ports.
High processing power Low processing power
High power consumption Low power consumption
Typically 32/64 bit 8/16 bit
General purpose Single purpose(control oriented)
Less reliable Highly reliable
Eg.- 8086,8085 8051

Lecture #1: Introduction

 So to summarize, we can state the difference between
both as:

“Microprocessor
is present inside a Microcontroller”.

This is valid to some extent because:

Microcontroller

= Microprocessor + Few Extra components

Example for microcontroller:
8051,PIC, ARM, Arduino…

Lecture #1: Introduction