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Advanced Engineering Survey

CE2122
FALL 2020

Credit Hours: 2+1

Surveying Drafting and

Computations

Lecture # 1

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What is topography?
You may have heard and even used this word in your daily life.

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Topography

The arrangement of the

natural and artificial
physical features of an
area.
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What is topographic Survey?

HINT: It is related with the word topography

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Topographic Survey

Topographic surveys are preliminary

(also known as pre-engineering)
surveys used to locate the horizontal
and vertical positions of natural and
constructed surface features in a
defined geographic area.

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What is difference between maps and plans?

These two terms are used interchangeably but they are different from engineering point of view

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Mapping is a drawing term usually

reserved for small-scale graphics, often
depicting topographic and boundary
detail of relatively large areas of the
earth’s surface.

MAP

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Engineering-surveying plans, on the other

hand, not only show existing terrain (or
other) conditions, but can also depict
proposed alterations (i.e., designs) to the
existing landscape.

PLAN

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MAPS PLANS

Small Scale Large Scale

Only existing Terrain Proposed design alterations

Examples details of buildings,
Examples topographic maps,
road profiles and route plans,
geological maps, climate maps,
municipal services and site
minerals maps
engineering plans

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Drawing Sheet

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Drawing Sheet Specifications

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Scale

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Scale

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Scale

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Scale

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Precision

How much precision you need in the field depends on the scale you choose
and plotting precision of the printer

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Precision

High Precision Low Precision

š Plotter Precision = 0.5 mm š Plotter Precision = 0.5 mm

š Scale chosen = 1:500 š Scale chosen = 1:20000
š Precision on field = š Precision on field = ??? m
0.0005 x 500 = 0.25 m

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Title Blocks & Symbols

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What are contours?

Some of you must have heard this term from Engineering Surveying course

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Countours

Contours are lines drawn

on a plan that connect
points having similar
elevations.
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Characteristics of contours

š Closely spaced contours indicate steep slopes.

š Widely spaced contours indicate moderate slopes (spacing here is a relative
relationship).
š Contours must be labeled to give the elevation value. Either each line is labeled
or every fifth line is drawn darker (wider) and it is labeled.
š Contours are not shown going through buildings.
š Contours crossing a built horizontal surface (roads, railroads) will be straight
parallel lines as they cross the facility.

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Characteristics of contours

š Because contours join points of equal elevation, contour lines cannot cross.
(Caves present an exception.)
š Contour lines cannot begin or end on the plan.
š Depressions and hills look the same; the reader must note the contour value to
distinguish the terrain (some agencies use hachures or shading to identify
depressions).
š Contours deflect uphill at valley lines and downhill at ridge lines. Line crossings are
perpendicular: U-shaped for ridge crossings; V-shaped for valley crossings.
š Contour lines must close on themselves, either on the plan or in locations off the
plan.

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Valley Lines
Ridge Lines
Valley Lines

Valley Lines and Ridge Lines

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How to make contours manually?

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How to make contours manually?

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Computer generated contours

Using two methods: Triangular irregular network or uniform grid approach

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Profiles and Cross sections

What is the difference between these?

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Profiles and Cross sections

Profiles Cross sections

Profiles are a series of elevations Cross sections are a series of

taken along a baseline at some elevations taken at right angles to
specified repetitive station a baseline at specific stations.
interval.

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Profiles and Cross sections

Profiles Cross sections

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Cross sections
Cut and Fill

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End Areas
Cut and Fill

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Thank You

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